scholarly journals Role of Dielectric Constant at the Miscibility Point in the Ternary System 2-Propanol-Water and Carbon Tetrachloride

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Suryanarayana ◽  
K. M. Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
System 2

Amelioration of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Citrus Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Jin Xuezhu ◽  
Li Jitong ◽  
Nie Leigang ◽  
Xue Junlai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of citrus leaf extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and its potential molecular mechanism. Carbon tetrachloride was used to construct hepatic injury animal model. To this end, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, carbon tetrachloride-treated, and two carbon tetrachloride + citrus leaf extract-treated groups. The results show that citrus leaf extract treatment significantly reversed the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the body weight changes and liver index. Besides, treatment with citrus leaf extract also reduced the levels of serum liver enzymes and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. H&E staining and western blotting suggested that citrus leaf extract could repair liver histological damage by regulating AMPK and Nrf-2.

The transmission of polar effects. Part VII. A proton magnetic resonance spectra study of substituted mesitylenes, durenes, anthracenes, and triptycenes

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (24) ◽  
pp. 3903-3908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bowden ◽  
J. G. Irving ◽  
M. J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Linear Free Energy ◽  
Solvent Dependence ◽  
Similar Dependence ◽  
Energy Relations

The chemical shifts of the ring protons in a series of monosubstituted mesitylenes and durenes, and of the 10-protons of a series of 9-substituted triptycenes and anthracenes have been measured in dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, 2-methoxyethanol, and carbon tetrachloride. The solvent dependence of the substituent chemical shifts has been analyzed by linear free energy relations. The systems all show similar dependence which increases with increasing dielectric constant of the solvent. This does not result from the field effect being transmitted through the medium, but appears to arise from the formation of a hydrogen-bonded interaction between the solvent and the hydrogen of the solute. The substituent chemical shifts appear to arise from contributions from substituent field, resonance, magnetic anisotropy, and solvent effects.

The role of capillarization in hepatic failure: Studies in carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis

Hepatology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
Jose Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hepatic Failure

The Hepatoprotective Role of Warburgia salutaris and Iso-Mukaadial Acetate on Carbon tetrachloride Intoxicated Rats Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Ayeni ◽  
Mthokozisi Blessing Cedric Simelane ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Ofentse Jacob Pooe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Isolated Compound

Background: Medicinal plants together with their isolated bioactive compounds are known for their antioxidant properties which constitute therapeutic agents that are routinely employed in the treatment of liver diseases. Aims of the Study: The current study sought to explore the protective role of Warburgia salutaris and its isolated compound, iso-mukaadial acetate against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Methods: Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups of five animals each and injected with CCl4 to induce hepatic injury. Results: Treatment with the crude extract of W. salutaris and of iso-mukaadial acetate significantly reduced the levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransaminases, total bilirubin and malondialdehyde in a dose dependent manner, when compared to untreated groups. Liver histology revealed a reduction in hepatic necrosis and inflammation. Conclusion: The current investigation has demonstrated that W. salutaris extract and iso-mukaadial acetate could mitigate the acute liver injury inflicted by a hepatotoxic inducer in rats.

scholarly journals Alleviation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress with a leaf extract of Glyphae brevis (Tiliaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Legbosi Nwidu ◽  
Yibala I. Oboma ◽  
Ekramy Elmorsy ◽  
Wayne Grant Carter
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Product ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Abstract Background Glyphae brevis leaf is reported in ethnomedicine as a treatment for hepatitis and jaundice; however, no studies have hitherto investigated the mechanistic basis of these claims. Methods A hepato-protective role of G. brevis hydromethanolic (GBH) leaf extract was established against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty-four hours after a CCl4 challenge, rats were sacrificed and serum hematological indices, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters were determined. The antioxidant enzymes parameters (glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and lipid peroxidation product (thiobarbituric reactive substances) levels in liver homogenates were evaluated. Changes in the liver cyto-architecture of different treatment groups were also investigated. Results The GBH extract produced no significant impact on weight and hematological indices. Intoxication with CCl4 significantly (p<0.001–0.05) increased total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) compared with control rats. Pretreatment with GBH leaf extract significantly reduced triglycerides, TC, and LDL to approaching control levels (p<0.001–0.05). The GBH leaf extract significantly alleviated CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and the CCl4-induced depression of total protein, and albumin. Liver antioxidant parameters were significantly increased in plant extract-treated rats, and this antagonized the pro-oxidant effect of CCl4. Histopathological studies also supported a hepato-protective effect of GBH. Collectively, the GBH leaf extract alleviated the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity through improvement of innate antioxidant enzyme levels and lipid metabolism and stabilized the hepatocyte cyto-architecture of intoxicated rats. Conclusions This study establishes the ethnomedicinal role of G. brevis leaf in hepatitis and the mechanistic basis of hepato-protection against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Protection of Major Witness in Corruption Eradication Cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Ismaidar .
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
National Development ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Corruption Case ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Type

Corruption has become massive societal phenomenon that has been regarded as extraordinary crimes threatening Indonesian economy and impeding national development. All societal elements expect that it will not be unresolved problems. Until recently, criminal law policy in its attempt to eradicate corruption has more put emphasis on the perpetrator. Such policy on witness protection, in the criminal case of corruption, needs to be optimized because it can be an alternative legal instrument in the attempt to eradicate corruption. Law-enforcement authorities face difficulties in unfolding a corruption case because it is often well systematically planned. In many cases, witnesses are reluctant to report a corruption case because of threat, intimidation, and criminalization posed to them. Problems are (1) How is the regulation of witness protection act and the corruption eradication in Indonesia? (2) How is the urgency of witness protection in the criminal cases of corruption eradication? (3) How is criminal law policy on witness protection to facilitate the corruption eradication in Indonesia? This research employs normative juridical approach with the descriptive research type. Findings show that(1) the development of witness protection act in the corruption case is highly relate to the witness stand on the criminal justice system; (2) the urgency of witness protection in the corruption eradication process is highly related to the common occurrence of intimidation and threat toward the witnesses. It indicate that the witness and victim protection is an important and urgent legal aspect; (3) criminal law policy in the corruption eradication process put more emphasis on the perpetrators and less concern on the witnesses involved in legal investigation. It is necessary to optimize the role of LPSK in criminal law policy including in giving the protection to witness in the case of corruption eradication; therefore, it is important to conduct legal update on the witness protection act in the case of corruption eradication process. Keywords: Witness Protection, Corruption Eradication, Criminal Law Policy.

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