The Studies on Micelles. II. The Relation between Surfactant Concentration and Micellar Concentration in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions

1957 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroji Sasaki ◽  
Sh\={u}ji Saito ◽  
Haruhiko Okuyama
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Solutions

Adsorption/Desorption of Sulfonate by Reservoir Rock Minerals in Solutions of Varying Sulfonate Concentrations

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Somasundaran ◽  
H. Shafick Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Considerable Work ◽  
Rock Minerals

Abstract In micellar flooding, reservoir rocks are exposed to surfactant solutions of varying concentrations as the surfactant slug advances through the reservoir. Therefore, the attachment and detachment of sulfonates with rocks that are already exposed to surfactant solutions of higher or lower concentrations is of major interest. In this study, the abstraction behavior of purified Na-dodecylbenzenesulfonate on Na-kaolinite by stepwise increase in surfactant concentration is determined. Deabstraction* occurring after reductions in surfactant concentrations at various stages also is determined. Most importantly, the results of incremental abstraction, individual abstraction, and deabstraction showed the system to exhibit hysteresis or memory effects. Also, abstractions obtained at various pH values and during stepwise changes in pH exhibited marked differences. The deabstraction isotherms showed the presence of maximum in certain cases, indicating the occurrence of maximum on the abstraction isotherms to be a real phenomenon. Possible reasons for the hysteresis are phenomenon. Possible reasons for the hysteresis are considered, and the practical implications of these memory effects on micellar flooding and depletion experiments using cores are discussed. Introduction Loss of surfactants owing to their interactions with reservoir rocks and fluid is possibly the most important factor that can determine the efficiency of a micellar flooding process. While there has been considerable work with process. While there has been considerable work with dilute surfactant solutions, mechanisms by which surfactants interact with rocks in their critical micelle concentration (CMC) range have not been studied in detail. Nevertheless, some limited data that have been reported in the literature do suggest that the adsorption characteristics of systems made up of concentrated surfactant solutions (above the CMC) are markedly different from those of systems involving dilute solutions. Adsorption isotherms above CMC have been reported to exhibit shapes that have not been encountered elsewhere. Our past work on abstraction of dodecylbenzenesulfonate on Na-kaolinite clearly showed the complex nature of the process, which depends on a number of system variables such as the nature and concentration of inorganic electrolytes, surfactant concentration, pH, and temperature. Under certain conditions, the systems exhibited a maximum in the region of CMC and, in some cases, a minimum at higher concentrations. Most interestingly, the presence of the maximum in the abstraction isotherm depended strongly on the type of inorganic electrolyte in the system. From a practical point of view, it would indeed be useful to be able to control the abstraction of sulfonates by rock minerals by controlling the inorganic electrolytes in the system. However, laboratory batch-type adsorption tests cannot be used directly for micellar flooding systems for a number of reasons. One important consideration in this regard is that the reservoir rocks are exposed to surfactant solutions of varying concentration as the surfactant slug advances through the reservoir. To examine the role of this effect, the abstraction behavior of sulfonates by kaolinite during incremental increase and decrease in surfactant concentration has been determined in this study. Comparison of the abstraction isotherms obtained by conventional batch-type tests (B-isotherms) with those obtained by stepwise changes in surfactant concentration (S-isotherms) and the deabstraction of isotherms of sulfonate upon dilution of the system should help in developing an understanding of the surfactant abstraction behavior as well as the phenomenon of abstraction maximum. Materials and Methods Kaolinite Kaolinite used was a well-crystallized Georgia sample with a B.E.T. surface area of 9.8 m2/g [105 sq ft/g]. Homoionic Na-kaolinite prepared according to a procedure described earlier was used for all the procedure described earlier was used for all the adsorption tests discussed here. Surfactants and Chemicals Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DDBS) purchased from Lachat Chemical Inc. (specified to be 95 % active but analyzed to be 85 %) was purified in the following manner. purified in the following manner. SPEJ P. 343

Effect of Surfactant Additives on Centrifugal Pump Performance

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ogata ◽  
Keizo Watanabe ◽  
Asano Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Pump ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Pump Performance ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Pump Head ◽  
Shaft Power

Performance of a centrifugal pump when handling surfactant solutions was measured experimentally. The effects of the concentration and temperature of surfactant solutions on pump performance were investigated. It was clarified that the pump efficiency with surfactant solutions was higher than that with tap water, and increased with an increase of surfactant concentration. The value of maximum flow rate of the pump also increased. The total pump head increased with an increase in the surfactant concentration, however, the shaft power decreased with a decrease in the rotational speed of the impeller. The pump efficiency is dependent on the surfactant temperature, and there is an optimal temperature which maximizes the efficiency.

Effect of Surfactant Additives on a Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ogata ◽  
Takeshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Newtonian Fluid ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Shape Parameter ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Surfactant Solutions

The effect of surfactant solutions on the boundary layer over a flat plate has been investigated in the Reynolds number range of approximately Re < 153,000. Experiments were carried out by measuring the velocity profile using a PIV system. Surfactant solutions tested were aqueous solutions of oleyl-bihydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride (Ethoquad O/12) in the concentration range of 50 to 500 ppm, to which sodium salicylate was added as a counterion. It was clarified that the boundary layer thickness of surfactant solutions increases significantly near the leading edge comparing with that of tap water, and parallelly develops in that obtained by the Blasius equation. For lower surfactant concentration (50 and 200 ppm) the velocity profile near the wall is distributed between that of laminar flow and turbulent flow for Newtonian fluid. When the Reynolds number increases, the velocity profile gradually increases from the outer edge of the boundary, and approaches the turbulent velocity profile of Newtonian fluid. For higher surfactant concentration (500 ppm), the velocity profile shows large S-shape. The velocity profile does not change very much, even if the Reynolds increases. The shape parameter with surfactant solutions decreases slightly comparing that of tap water at Re < 92,000, The value of shape parameter H with surfactant solution shows 1.66 < H < 2.32.

scholarly journals Wetting and Spreading of Commercially Available Aqueous Surfactants on Porous Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Johnson ◽  
Toby Routledge ◽  
Anna Trybala ◽  
Mauro Vaccaro ◽  
Victor Starov
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Porous Media ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Base Diameter ◽  
Complete Wetting ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Aqueous Surfactants

The wetting properties of aqueous solutions of a commercially available surfactant at various concentrations on porous media are investigated using the KRUSS DSA100 shape analyzer and the ADVANCED software to process the data. Time evolution of both the contact angle and drop base diameter at each surfactant concentration after deposition were monitored. Three different porous substrates (sponges) were examined. The sponges used were a car sponge, dish sponge and audio sponge. The sponges were investigated both dry and at different degrees of saturation, that is, the amount of water absorbed into the sponge. It was found that pure distilled water droplets deposited on the dry porous media showed non-wetting. However, if droplets of surfactant solutions were deposited, then a change to a complete wetting case was found at all surfactant concentrations used. It has been observed that for all sponges, no matter the degree of saturation, they display a minimum contact angle after which the droplet is rapidly absorbed into the porous media.

scholarly journals Temperature effect on performance of nanoparticle/surfactant flooding in enhanced heavy oil recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Mahmoudi ◽  
Arezou Jafari ◽  
Soheila Javadian
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Viscosity Reduction ◽  
Solution Stability ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Recently, nanoparticles have been used along with surfactants for enhancing oil recovery. Although the recent studies show that oil recovery is enhanced using nanoparticle/surfactant solutions, some effective parameters and mechanisms involved in the oil recovery have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the temperature effect on the stability of nanoparticle/surfactant solutions and ultimate oil recovery has been studied in this work, and the optimal concentrations of both SiO2 nanoparticle and surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) have been determined by the Central Composite Design method. In addition, the simultaneous effects of parameters and their interactions have been investigated. Study of the stability of the injected solutions indicates that the nanoparticle concentration is the most important factor affecting the solution stability. The surfactant makes the solution more stable if used in appropriate concentrations below the CMC. According to the micromodel flooding results, the most effective factor for enhancing oil recovery is temperature compared to the nanoparticle and surfactant concentrations. Therefore, in floodings with higher porous medium temperature, the oil viscosity reduction is considerable, and more oil is recovered. In addition, the surfactant concentration plays a more effective role in reservoirs with higher temperatures. In other words, at a surfactant concentration of 250 ppm, the ultimate oil recovery is improved about 20% with a temperature increase of 20 °C. However, when the surfactant concentration is equal to 750 ppm, the temperature increase enhances the ultimate oil recovery by only about 7%. Finally, the nanoparticle and surfactant optimum concentrations determined by Design-Expert software were equal to 46 and 159 ppm, respectively. It is worthy to note that obtained results are validated by the confirmation test.

Effect of Surfactant Concentration and Film Area on the Stability of Films of Surfactant Solutions

1996 ◽  
Vol 183 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvin S. Patel ◽  
Kamal Kumar ◽  
Dinesh O. Shah ◽  
Joseph J. Delfino
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Film Area

scholarly journals Surfactant screening to generate strong foam with formation water and crude oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan Memon ◽  
Khaled Abdalla Elraies ◽  
Mohammed Idrees Ali Al-Mossawy
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Systematic Screening ◽  
Stable Foam ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Foam Properties

AbstractMost of the available commercial surfactants precipitate due to the hardness of formation water. The study of surfactant generated foam and its stability is very complex due to its multifaceted pattern and common physicochemical properties. This research involved the study of foam generation by using the blended surfactants and their evaluation in terms of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The objective of this study is to systematic screening of surfactants based on their capability to produce stable foam in the presence of two different categories of crude oil. Surfactant types such as non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric were selected for the experimental study. The foam was generated with crude oil, and the synthetic brine water of 34,107 ppm used as formation water. Surfactant concentration with the both types of crude oil, foam decay, liquid drainage and foam longevity was investigated by measuring the generated foam volume above the liquid level. The surfactant with concentration of 0.6wt%AOSC14-16, 1.2wt%AOSC14-16, 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%TX100 and 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%LMDO resulted in the maximum foam longevity with formation water and two categories of crude oil. The 50% liquid drainage and foam decay of surfactant solutions with concentration of 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%LMDO and 0.6wt%AOSC14-16 + 0.6wt%TX100 were noted with the maximum time. The findings of this research demonstrated that the generated foam and its longevity is dependent on the type of surfactant either individual or blended with their concentration. The blend of surfactant solution combines excellent foam properties.

Electrical Conductivity of Five Concentrations of Two Glyphosate-Containing Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Lautenschlager ◽  
G. Richard Schaertl
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Herbicide Programs

Abstract Measuring conductivity of spray solutions of amine herbicides helps assure proper mixing prior to application thus providing additional quality control to operational herbicide programs. Electrical conductivity was determined for seven concentrations (0-15% v:v) of Accord® and Accord® CR herbicides in aqueous solution with three concentrations (0-1% v:v) of either Cide-Kick II™ or Ortho X-77 Spreader® surfactants. Conductivity (μS cm-1) of these solutions, determined at five solution temperatures (5°-25°C), increased 738.7 μS cm-1 and 164.9 μS cm-1 for each 1% increase in herbicide concentration and each 1°C increase in temperature. Conductivity decreased 212.3 μS cm-1 for each 1% increase in surfactant concentration. The conductivity of Accord CR was 100.5 μS cm-1 greater than Accord; conductivity of Cide-Kick II was 82.3 μS cm-1 greater than X-77. The equations presented enable foresters to verify proper concentration and mixing of these herbicide and surfactant solutions for temperatures likely to occur in the field if water source conductivity is ≤300 μS cm-1. South. J. Appl. For. 15(2):85-88.

A note on single bubble motion in surfactant solutions

2001 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONGQIN ZHANG ◽  
J. A. FINCH
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Single Bubble ◽  
Bubble Velocity ◽  
Bubble Motion ◽  
Surfactant Solutions ◽  
Wide Range

This note addresses measurement of single bubble velocity in surfactant solutions and the physical model of the effect of surfactant concentration on the steady-state velocity. Continuous tracking of the bubble along the rise path is used as the measurement method. Using this technique, the steady-state velocity is found to be independent of surfactant concentration over a wide range, which contradicts the data frequently used to develop models.

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