scholarly journals A New Method of Measuring he Surface Tension of Liquids by Using the Vertical Liquid Jet

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
Toshio Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
New Method ◽  
Liquid Jet

Research into a New Method for Trimming Hooves by Liquid Jet

2016 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
Viliam Čačko ◽  
Juraj Ondruška ◽  
Iveta Onderová ◽  
Ľubomír Šooš ◽  
Zdenko Krajný
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
New Method ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Initial Research

The contribution deals with the trimming of beef cattle hooves by means of a new method, specifically with a liquid water jet. Present methods of trimming hooves are outdated; almost nowhere are new modern technologies used for this purpose. The use of more contemporary methods would enable a reduction in the high labour demands to accomplish this task. But the main advantage of this new method is increasing so-called animal WELFARE. Present-day methods which are performed mechanically are always stressful, and many times also painful, for the animal. In the article we will specifically focus on the possibility of trimming the hooves of beef cattle by means of a water jet. The original research was focused on the size of the basic parameters such as pressure, flow, nozzle diameter and cutting time. The results of this initial research serve as a step towards further research, whose goal will be the design and testing of complex equipment for trimming beef cattle hooves by cutting with a liquid water jet.

scholarly journals Shear instability of an axisymmetric air–water coaxial jet

2018 ◽  
Vol 843 ◽  
pp. 575-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Matas ◽  
Antoine Delon ◽  
Alain Cartellier
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Linear Stability ◽  
Linear Stability Analysis ◽  
Convective Instability ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Shear Instability ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Absolute Instability ◽  
Instability Waves

We study the destabilization of a round liquid jet by a fast annular gas stream. We measure the frequency of the shear instability waves for several geometries and air/water velocities. We then carry out a linear stability analysis, and show that there are three competing mechanisms for the destabilization: a convective instability, an absolute instability driven by surface tension and an absolute instability driven by confinement. We compare the predictions of this analysis with experimental results, and propose scaling laws for wave frequency in each regime. We finally introduce criteria to predict the boundaries between these three regimes.

scholarly journals On the deflection of a liquid jet by an air-cushioning layer

2018 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 711-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Moore ◽  
J. P. Whiteley ◽  
J. M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Pressure Jump ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Impact Problems ◽  
Systematic Derivation

A hierarchy of models is formulated for the deflection of a thin two-dimensional liquid jet as it passes over a thin air-cushioning layer above a rigid flat impermeable substrate. We perform a systematic derivation of the leading-order equations of motion for the jet in the distinguished limit in which the air pressure jump, surface tension and gravity affect the displacement of the centreline of the jet, but not its thickness or velocity. We identify thereby the axial length scales for centreline deflection in regimes in which the air layer is dominated by viscous or inertial effects. The derived length scales and reduced equations aim to expand the suite of tools available for future analyses of the evolution of lamellae and ejecta in impact problems. Assuming that the jet is sufficiently long that tip and entry effects can be neglected, we demonstrate that the centreline of a constant-thickness jet moving with constant axial speed is destabilised by the air layer for sufficiently small surface tension. Expressions for the fastest-growing modes are obtained in both the viscous-dominated air and inertia-dominated air regimes. For a finite-length jet emanating from a nozzle, we show that, in one particular asymptotic limit, the evolution of the jet centreline is akin to the flapping of an unfurling flag above a thin air layer. We discuss the distinguished limit in which tip retraction can be neglected and perform numerical investigations into the resulting model. We show that the cushioning layer causes the jet centreline to bend, leading to rupture of the air layer. We discuss how our toolbox of models can be adapted and utilised in the context of recent experimental and numerical studies of splash dynamics.

Liquid jet breakup: A new method for the preparation of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Xia ◽  
Meng Yuan ◽  
Mo Chen ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Tianyuan Ci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
New Method ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Jet Breakup

New Method and Experimental Study for Fast Evaluating Filling Mould Ability of Al-Si Alloy by Surface Tension

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Quan Shi ◽  
Da Yong Li ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
Gui Li Gao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Acute Angle ◽  
The Self ◽  
New Method ◽  
Test Surface ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
The Relationship

On the basis of analyzing the relationship between filling mould ability and surface tension of Al-Si alloy, a new method was put forward that filling mould ability can be fast evaluated by surface tension. To fast test surface tension of Al-Si alloy in front of furnace, a new apparatus had been developed and a new mould had been designed to appraise the ability of filling acute angle of Al-Si alloy by authors. By means of the self-developed new apparatus and new mould, the relationship between surface tension and filling mould ability had also been proved and gotten by many experiments on Al-Si alloys. Depending on the relationship the filling mould ability of Al-Si alloy can be evaluated by surface tension in few seconds before cast.

scholarly journals The Latest Method for Surface Tension Determination: Experimental Validation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3629
Author(s):  
Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski ◽  
Andrzej Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Laplace Equation ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
New Method ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Inflection Points

The highest effectiveness of heat exchange is under boiling; hence, surface tension is an important parameter and should be determined when new liquid substances are created. The most popular methods are based on numerically solving the Young–Laplace equation by applying the Bashforth and Adams algorithm, which fails at the poles and at the inflection points. The newest algorithm is based on the closed-form expressions that define a drop or bubble. It gives the accurate solutions for the fully created drops or bubbles. To validate it, the surface tension value is determined for the air bubbles in water and compared with the reference data. Because the relative discrepancies are extremely small, the new method may be thought of as positively validated.

Instability and breakup of charged liquid jets

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Huebner ◽  
H. N. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Small Perturbation ◽  
Perturbation Analysis ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Drop Diameter ◽  
Breakup Process ◽  
Electric Effects

Drops formed from the breakup of charged cylindrical liquid jets have been shown to be smaller than those formed in the unelectrified case. This change has been related to electrically induced instabilities on the jet. Small-perturbation analysis was used to formulate the Lagrangian and write the differential equation for the jet. Non-dimensionalized plots of the solutions exhibit the stabilizing or destabilizing influences of surface tension and electric effects, and allow these influences to be related back to liquid physical properties. Drop diameter to be expected from breakup of the electrified jet was calculated as a function of jet diameter, physical properties of the liquid, jet electrification, and the mode of instability dominating the breakup process.

Velocity Coefficients For Free Jets From Sharp-Edged Orifices

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lienhard ◽  
J. H. Lienhard
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Orifice Plate ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Free Jets ◽  
Dissipation Of Energy ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Velocity Coefficient ◽  
Viscosity Dependence

The viscosity-dependence of the velocity coefficient for a free liquid jet, issuing from a sharp-edged orifice, is predicted by computing the dissipation of energy in the boundary layer on the back of the orifice plate. The prediction is upheld by the only known direct measurements of velocity coefficients. The resulting coefficients are much closer to unity for large orifices than they are generally assumed to be. The influence of surface tension on small jets is also explained.

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