scholarly journals How long is a curved beam?

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Curved Beam ◽  
Centre Line

For a straight or thin curved beam, the expression for strain energy due to bending is U = M2 L/(2EI); for this to be applicable to a thick curved beam, the requisite length is slightly greater than the centre-line length.

Energy Storage And Recovery In Thin Metal Films On Substrates

1997 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shefford P Baker ◽  
Rose-Marie Keller ◽  
Eduard Arzt
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Dislocation Line ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Cu Films ◽  
Compressive Flow ◽  
Film Substrate ◽  
Increasing Temperature

ABSTRACTDislocation segments which extend through the thickness of a film can move through the film only if dislocation line length is deposited or removed at the film/substrate and film/passivation (if any) interfaces. The dislocation density and, therefore, the energy stored in the film increase during plastic deformation. The reverse process, that is, the reduction of strain energy in the film by the reduction of dislocation line length, is here suggested to be the origin of a number of unexplained features of experimentally obtained stress-temperature curves, including very low (or even “negative”) yield stresses in compression, tensile-compressive flow stress asymmetries, increasing strength with increasing temperature upon heating, and a very strong Bauschinger-like effect which has been seen in thin Cu films. The results of stress-temperature measurements of passivated Cu thin films on silicon substrates are presented.

AN ACCURATE CURVED BEAM ELEMENT BASED ON TRIGONOMETRICAL MIXED POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Q. TANG ◽  
Z. H. ZHOU ◽  
S. L. CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Polynomial Function ◽  
Beam Element ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Curved Beam ◽  
Curved Beam Element ◽  
Straight Beam ◽  
Beam Section ◽  
Displacement Based ◽  
The Relationship

A displacement-based, novel curved beam element is proposed for efficient and reliable analysis of frames composed of curved members. The accuracy of the proposed element is not controlled by the subtended angle of the element with the angle up to π. In contrast to the conventional method, the interpolation function for displacement is based on the infinitesimal straight beam sections extracted from the curved element. Consequently, the strain energy of the curved beam element can be integrated by the infinitesimal sections along the element length. The relationship between the displacements and the corresponding strains in the straight beam is simpler than that in the curvilinear co-ordinate description widely adopted by many researchers in their element derivations. This technique is formulated to avoid couplings between the tangential and radial displacement variables in the strain field and its successful utilization is also demonstrated herein. Furthermore, the relation between displacements and strains of the infinitesimal straight beam section is equivalent to that of the curved beam in the curvilinear co-ordinate description. Finally, the analysis results of several bench marked examples by the proposed curved beam element are presented. The results show the high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed element against the classical curved beam element.

The wustite-spinel interface

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
S.R. Summerfelt ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Oxygen Sublattice ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Small Lattice ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

The wustite-spinel interface can be viewed as a model interface because the wustite and spinel can share a common f.c.c. oxygen sublattice such that only the cations distribution changes on crossing the interface. In this study, the interface has been formed by a solid state reaction involving either external or internal oxidation. In systems with very small lattice misfit, very large particles (>lμm) with coherent interfaces have been observed. Previously, the wustite-spinel interface had been observed to facet on {111} planes for MgFe2C4 and along {100} planes for MgAl2C4 and MgCr2O4, the spinel then grows preferentially in the <001> direction. Reasons for these experimental observations have been discussed by Henriksen and Kingery by considering the strain energy. The point-defect chemistry of such solid state reactions has been examined by Schmalzried. Although MgO has been the principal matrix material examined, others such as NiO have also been studied.

Top-Down Processing and Visual Reorientation Illusions in a Virtual Reality Environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred W. Mast ◽  
Charles M. Oman
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Line Length ◽  
Perceptual Cues ◽  
Virtual Reality Environment ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The role of top-down processing on the horizontal-vertical line length illusion was examined by means of an ambiguous room with dual visual verticals. In one of the test conditions, the subjects were cued to one of the two verticals and were instructed to cognitively reassign the apparent vertical to the cued orientation. When they have mentally adjusted their perception, two lines in a plus sign configuration appeared and the subjects had to evaluate which line was longer. The results showed that the line length appeared longer when it was aligned with the direction of the vertical currently perceived by the subject. This study provides a demonstration that top-down processing influences lower level visual processing mechanisms. In another test condition, the subjects had all perceptual cues available and the influence was even stronger.

Centroid Extraction as a Process in Judgments of Line Length

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare K. Porac ◽  
Alan Searleman ◽  
Alicia Dunbar
Keyword(s):  
Line Length

Modeling of Strain Energy Harvesting in Pneumatic Tires Using Piezoelectric Transducer

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali E. Kubba ◽  
Mohammad Behroozi ◽  
Oluremi A. Olatunbosun ◽  
Carl Anthony ◽  
Kyle Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Monitoring Device ◽  
Optimum Location ◽  
Piezoelectric Fiber Composite ◽  
Piezoelectric Fiber

ABSTRACT This paper presents an evaluation study of the feasibility of harvesting energy from rolling tire deformation and using it to supply a tire monitoring device installed within the tire cavity. The developed technique is simulated by using a flexible piezoelectric fiber composite transducer (PFC) adhered onto the tire inner liner acting as the energy harvesting element for tire monitoring systems. The PFC element generates electric charge when strain is applied to it. Tire cyclic deformation, particularly at the contact patch surface due to rolling conditions, can be exploited to harvest energy. Finite element simulations, using Abaqus package, were employed to estimate the available strain energy within the tire structure in order to select the optimum location for the PFC element. Experimental tests were carried out by using an evaluation kit for the energy harvesting element installed within the tire cavity to examine the PFC performance under controlled speed and loading conditions.

Stress Analysis of a Tire Under Vertical Load by a Finite Element Method

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kaga ◽  
K. Okamoto ◽  
Y. Tozawa
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Element Method

Abstract An analysis by the finite element method and a related computer program is presented for an axisymmetric solid under asymmetric loads. Calculations are carried out on displacements and internal stresses and strains of a radial tire loaded on a road wheel of 600-mm diameter, a road wheel of 1707-mm diameter, and a flat plate. Agreement between calculated and experimental displacements and cord forces is quite satisfactory. The principal shear strain concentrates at the belt edge, and the strain energy increases with decreasing drum diameter. Tire temperature measurements show that the strain energy in the tire is closely related to the internal temperature rise.

Additive Groups in a Non-Symbolic ‘Artificial Algebra’

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph C Grace ◽  
Nicola J. Morton ◽  
Matt Grice ◽  
Kate Stuart ◽  
Simon Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Group ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Line Length

Grace et al. (2018) developed an ‘artificial algebra’ task in which participants learn to make an analogue response based on a combination of non-symbolic magnitudes by feedback and without explicit instruction. Here we tested if participants could learn to add stimulus magnitudes in this task in accord with the properties of an algebraic group. Three pairs of experiments tested the group properties of commutativity (Experiments 1a-b), identity and inverse existence (Experiments 2a-b) and associativity (Experiments 3a-b), with both line length and brightness modalities. Transfer designs were used in which participants responded on trials with feedback based on sums of magnitudes and later were tested with novel stimulus configurations. In all experiments, correlations of average responses with magnitude sums were high on trials with feedback, r = .97 and .96 for Experiments 1a-b, r = .97 and .96 for Experiments 2a-b, and ranged between r = .97 and .99 for Experiment 3a and between r = .82 and .95 for Experiment 3b. Responding on transfer trials was accurate and provided strong support for commutativity, identity and inverse existence, and associativity with line length, and for commutativity and identity and inverse existence with brightness. Deviations from associativity in Experiment 3b suggested that participants were averaging rather than adding brightness magnitudes. Our results confirm that the artificial algebra task can be used to study implicit computation and suggest that representations of magnitudes may have a structure similar to an algebraic group.

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