Cardiovascular changes associated with treadmill running in the Pekin duck

1982 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bech ◽  
S. Nomoto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Period

Six adult white Pekin ducks were trained to run on a treadmill for 10 min at a speed of 1.43 km h-1. O2 consumption, CO2 production, breathing rate, blood gas tension and pH, sciatic and carotid blood flows and colonic and skin temperatures were measured in the experiments. A 2.6 times increase in oxygen consumption was observed when going from resting on the treadmill to exercise. The increased oxygen delivery was achieved by a 61% increase in cardiac output and a 51% increase in the arterio-venous oxygen content difference. Probably the reported resting oxygen consumption was higher than a true resting level causing the increment in oxygen consumption to be more correctly 3.6 times the resting level. Sciatic and carotid blood flow increased by 3.7 times and 2.3 times, respectively, during exercise. At cessation of exercise, the carotid blood flow decreased very rapidly, while the sciatic blood flow decreased more slowly. An increased web temperature above the exercise level was seen in the post-exercise period. The results suggest that the ducks prefer to use non-evaporative heat loss in the post-exercise period, respiratory evaporative cooling being of minor importance. this strategy may be correlated to the small internal heat load induced by the running (body temperature increased by only 0.3 degrees C.

Effects of Walking with Blood Flow Restriction on Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (03) ◽  
pp. e11-e18 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mendonca ◽  
J. Vaz ◽  
P. Pezarat-Correia ◽  
B. Fernhall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
O2 Deficit

AbstractThis study determined the influence of walking with blood flow restriction (BFR) on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of healthy young men. 17 healthy young men (22.1±2.9 years) performed graded treadmill exercise to assess VO2peak. In a randomized fashion, each participant performed 5 sets of 3-min treadmill exercise at their optimal walking speed with 1-min interval either with or without BFR. Participants were then seated in a chair and remained there for 30 min of recovery. Expired gases were continuously monitored during exercise and recovery. BFR increased the O2 cost of walking as well as its relative intensity and cumulative O2 deficit (p<0.05). The EPOC magnitude after walking with BFR was greater than in the non-BFR condition (p<0.05). No differences between conditions were seen for the duration of EPOC. The EPOC magnitude was no longer different between conditions after controlling for the differences in relative intensity and in the cumulative O2 deficit (p>0.05). These data indicate that walking with BFR increases the magnitude of EPOC. Moreover, they also demonstrate that such increment in EPOC is likely explained by the effects of BFR on walking relative intensity and cumulative O2 deficit.

Effect of spinal cord temperature on carotid blood flow in the Pekin duck

1980 ◽  
Vol 385 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bech ◽  
W. Rautenberg ◽  
B. May ◽  
K. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Temperature

scholarly journals OXYGEN UPTAKE AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE METHODS: THE USE OF BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-346
Author(s):  
Adenilson Targino de Araújo Júnior ◽  
Maria do Socorro Cirilo-Sousa ◽  
Gabriel Rodrigues Neto ◽  
Rodrigo Poderoso ◽  
Geraldo Veloso Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Blood Flow Restriction ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Intensity Training

ABSTRACT Introduction: The literature has shown that a gap is identified regarding the acute effects of blood flow restriction training on aerobic variables. Objective: to analyze oxygen consumption (VO2) during and after two resistance training sessions: traditional high intensity and low intensity with blood flow restriction. Methods: After one-repetition maximum tests, eight male participants (25.7±3 years) completed the two experimental protocols, separated by 72 hours, in a randomized order: a) high intensity training at 80% of 1RM (HIRE) and b) low intensity training at 20% of 1RM combined with blood flow restriction (LIRE + BFR). Three sets of four exercises (bench press, squat, barbell bent-over row and deadlift) were performed. Oxygen consumption and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption were measured. Results: the data showed statistically significant differences between the traditional high intensity training and low intensity training with blood flow restriction, with higher values for traditional training sessions, except for the last five minutes of the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Oxygen consumption measured during training was higher (p = 0.001) for the HIRE (20.32 ± 1.46 mL·kg-1·min-1) compared to the LIRE + BFR (15.65 ± 1.14 mL·kg-1·min-1). Conclusion: Oxygen uptakes rates during and after the exercise sessions were higher for the high intensity training methodology. However, when taking into account the volume of training provided by both methods, these differences were attenuated. Level of Evidence III - Non-consecutive studies, or studies without consistently applied reference stand.

Exercise responses in pregnant sheep: oxygen consumption, uterine blood flow, and blood volume

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 834-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. Lotgering ◽  
R. D. Gilbert ◽  
L. D. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Maternal Exercise ◽  
Maternal Responses

In an attempt to explore the acute maternal responses to exercise we measured oxygen consumption, uterine blood flow, and blood volume in 13 chronically catheterized pregnant sheep at rest and while exercising on a treadmill. With maximal exercise O2 consumption increased 5.6 times, from a resting value of 5.8 +/- 0.3 (SE) to 32.1 +/- 2.8 ml X min -1 X kg -1, cardiac output increased 2.7 times, from 149 +/- 8 to 404 +/- 32 ml X min -1 X kg -1, and arteriovenous oxygen content difference increased 2.1 times, from 3.9 +/- 0.2 to 8.0 +/- 0.4 ml X dl -1. Total uterine blood flow decreased from a mean resting value of 292 +/- 6 to 222 +/- 19 ml X min -1 X kg fetus -1 near exhaustion during prolonged (40 min) exercise at 70% maximal oxygen consumption. Maternal blood volume decreased 14% (P less than 0.01) from 67.5 +/- 3.7 to 57.8 +/- 3.6 ml X kg -1 during this exercise period, with a 20% decrease in plasma volume without a change in red cell volume. We conclude that uterine blood flow decreases during maternal exercise. However, hemoconcentration helps to maintain a relatively constant oxygen delivery to the uterus.

Changes in serotonin contents in brain affect metabolic heat production of rabbits in cold

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (1) ◽  
pp. R41-R47
Author(s):  
M. T. Lin ◽  
I. H. Pang ◽  
S. I. Chern ◽  
W. Y. Chia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Decarboxylase Inhibitor ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Amino Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Normal Limits

Elevating serotonin (5-HT) contents in brain with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) reduced rectal temperature (Tre) in rabbits after peripheral decarboxylase inhibition with the aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor R04-4602 at two ambient temperatures (Ta), 2 and 22 degrees C. The hypothermia was brought about by both an increase in respiratory evaporative heat loss (Eres) and a decrease in metabolic rate (MR) in the cold. At a Ta of 22 degrees C, the hypothermia was achieved solely due to an increase in heat loss. Depleting brain contents of 5-HT with intraventricular, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) produced an increased Eres and ear blood flow even at Ta of 2 degrees C. Also, MR increased at all but the Ta of 32 degrees C. However, depleting the central and peripheral contents of 5-HT with p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) produced lower MR accompanied by lower Eres in the cold compared to the untreated control. Both groups of pCPA-treated and 5,7-DHT-treated animals maintained their Tre within normal limits. The data suggest that changes in 5-HT content in brain affects the MR of rabbits in the cold. Elevating brain content of 5-HT tends to depress the MR response to cold, while depleting brain content of 5-HT tends to enhance the MR response to cold.

alpha-Adrenergic control of oxygen delivery to myocardium during exercise in conscious dogs

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (5) ◽  
pp. H805-H809 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Heyndrickx ◽  
P. Muylaert ◽  
J. L. Pannier
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Conscious Dogs ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Adrenergic Control

alpha-Adrenergic control of the oxygen delivery to the myocardium during exercise was investigated in eight conscious dogs instrumented for chronic measurements of coronary blood flow, left ventricular (LV) pressure, aortic blood pressure, and heart rate and sampling of arterial and coronary sinus blood. After alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade a standard exercise load elicited a significantly greater increase in heart rate, rate of change of LV pressure (LV dP/dt), LV dP/dt/P, and coronary blood flow than was elicited in the unblocked state. In contrast to the response pattern during control exercise, there was no significant change in coronary sinus oxygen tension (PO2), myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference, and myocardial oxygen delivery-to-oxygen consumption ratio. It is concluded that the normal relationship between myocardial oxygen supply and oxygen demand is modified during exercise after alpha-adrenergic blockade, whereby oxygen delivery is better matched to oxygen consumption. These results indicate that the increase in coronary blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium during normal exercise is limited by alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction.

Training increases muscle blood flow in rats with peripheral arterial insufficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1353-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Yang ◽  
R. F. Dinn ◽  
R. L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Distal Limb ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cage Activity ◽  
Exercise Hyperemia ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Arterial Insufficiency ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

This study investigated the effect of physical training on muscle blood flow (BF) in rats with peripheral arterial insufficiency during treadmill running. Bilateral stenosis of the femoral artery of adult rats (300-350 g) was performed to reduce exercise hyperemia in the hindlimb but not limit resting muscle BF. Rats were divided into normal sedentary, acute stenosed (stenosed 3 days before the experiment), stenosed sedentary (limited to cage activity), and stenosed trained (run on a treadmill by a progressively intense program, up to 50-60 min/day, 5 days/wk for 6-8 wk). Hindlimb BF was determined with 85Sr- and 141Ce-labeled microspheres at a low (20 m/min) and high treadmill speed (30-40 m/min depending on ability). Maximal hindlimb BF was reduced to approximately 50% normal in the acute stenosed group. Total hindlimb BF (81 +/- 5 ml.min-1.100 g-1) did not change in stenosed sedentary animals with 6-8 wk of cage activity, but a redistribution of BF occurred within the hindlimb. Two factors contributed to a higher BF to the distal limb muscle of the trained animals. A redistribution BF within the hindlimb occurred in stenosed trained animals; distal limb BF increased to approximately 80% (P less than 0.001) of the proximal tissue. In addition, an increase in total hindlimb BF with training indicates that collateral BF has been enhanced (P less than 0.025). The associated increase in oxygen delivery to the relatively ischemic muscle probably contributed to the markedly improved exercise tolerance evident in the trained animals.

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