scholarly journals Auditory masking patterns in the goldfish (Carassius auratus): psychophysical tuning curves

1978 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Fay ◽  
W. A. Ahroon ◽  
A. A. Orawski
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Frequency Selectivity ◽  
Frequency Separation ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Auditory Signals

The masking effects of tones on the detection auditory signals were studied in goldfish using the psychophysical tuning-curve paradigm. For signals below 350 Hz, masking is an inverse function of the frequency separation between masker and signal; a finding consistent with previous masking studies on fishes, birds and mammals. For signals above 350 Hz, masking peaks occur both in the 350 Hz region and at the frequency of the signal. Quantitative comparisons with recent neural tuning curves for goldfish saccular neurones suggest that the filtering observed may be determined by mechanical frequency selectivity below 350 Hz, but by a neural analysis of temporal patterns above this range.

Spontaneous activity and frequency selectivity of acoustically responsive vestibular afferents in the cat

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1563-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. McCue ◽  
J. J. Guinan
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Frequency Selectivity ◽  
Vestibulocochlear Nerve ◽  
Acoustic Frequency ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Vestibular Afferents ◽  
Acoustic Reflexes ◽  
Inferior Vestibular Nerve

1. Recordings were made from single afferent fibers in the inferior vestibular nerve. Firing rates of a substantial portion of the afferents with irregular background activity increased in response to moderately intense tone bursts. 2. Spontaneous activity from acoustically responsive vestibular afferents was statistically analyzed and compared with data from a more widespread sampling of primary afferents in the cat's vestibulocochlear nerve. Acoustically responsive vestibular afferents had interspike interval histograms with modes > 10 ms, coefficients of variation > 0.15, and skews > 0.88. On the basis of spontaneous activity, these afferents were easily distinguishable from cochlear afferents and regular vestibular afferents, but no obvious features differentiated them from other irregular vestibular afferents. 3. The distributions of spike intervals in the spontaneous activity of acoustically responsive vestibular afferents were fitted by Erlang probability density functions describing the second-order interarrival times of a Poisson process initiated after a finite delay (refractory period). 4. Acoustically responsive vestibular afferents had broad, V-shaped tuning curves with best frequencies between 500 and 1,000 Hz, thresholds of > or = 90 dB SPL, and shapes comparable with the tuning-curve “tails” of cochlear afferents. In contrast to cochlear-nerve afferents, acoustically responsive vestibular afferents did not show a strong relationship between spontaneous rate and threshold. 5. We compare the acoustic frequency selectivity of vestibular and cochlear afferents in terms of their functional and evolutionary relationships. Our data and those of others indicate that acoustically responsive vestibular afferents are likely to provide an input to the acoustic activation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in humans, and they may provide an input to other acoustic reflexes such as the middle-ear-muscle reflexes.

Development of Cochlear Amplification, Frequency Tuning, and Two-Tone Suppression in the Mouse

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Song ◽  
JoAnn McGee ◽  
Edward J. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Frequency Selectivity ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Equivalent Time ◽  
Cochlear Amplification ◽  
Narrow Frequency Band ◽  
Dynamic Operating

It is generally believed that the micromechanics of active cochlear transduction mature later than passive elements among altricial mammals. One consequence of this developmental order is the loss of transduction linearity, because an active, physiologically vulnerable process is superimposed on the passive elements of transduction. A triad of sensory advantage is gained as a consequence of acquiring active mechanics; sensitivity and frequency selectivity (frequency tuning) are enhanced and dynamic operating range increases. Evidence supporting this view is provided in this study by tracking the development of tuning curves in BALB/c mice. Active transduction, commonly known as cochlear amplification, enhances sensitivity in a narrow frequency band associated with the “tip” of the tuning curve. Passive aspects of transduction were assessed by considering the thresholds of responses elicited from the tuning curve “tail,” a frequency region that lies below the active transduction zone. The magnitude of cochlear amplification was considered by computing tuning curve tip-to-tail ratios, a commonly used index of active transduction gain. Tuning curve tip thresholds, frequency selectivity and tip-to-tail ratios, all indices of the functional status of active biomechanics, matured between 2 and 7 days after tail thresholds achieved adultlike values. Additionally, two-tone suppression, another product of active cochlear transduction, was first observed in association with the earliest appearance of tuning curve tips and matured along an equivalent time course. These findings support a traditional view of development in which the maturation of passive transduction precedes the maturation of active mechanics in the most sensitive region of the mouse cochlea.

Non-simultaneous auditory masking in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
A. N. Popper ◽  
N. L. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Pulse Duration ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Auditory Thresholds ◽  
Noise Pulse ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Tone Pulse

Auditory thresholds were determined for 500 HZ pure tone pulses of 15, 25 and 50 ms duration presented leading, following or simultaneously with noise pulses of 50 or 250 ms duration. Masking by the noise decreased: (i) with an increase in tone pulse duration; (ii) with a shortening of the noise pulse duration; and (iii) as the interval between tone and noise pulses was increased from 0 to 350 ms. The effect of the noise was independent of whether the noise led or followed the pure tone. It is suggested that the most significant factor affecting masking was the duration of the interval between tone and noise, and that the site for the interactions between signals is central to the inner ear.

scholarly journals Hypobaric pressure exposure effects on cochlear frequency selectivity in fluctuating, low-frequency hearing loss

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 710-717
Author(s):  
K J Brännström ◽  
J Grenner
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Selectivity ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Tuning Curves

AbstractAim:To study the effects of hypobaric pressure chamber exposure on the cochlear frequency selectivity of subjects with monaural, fluctuating, low-frequency hearing loss, such as occurs in Ménière's disease.Methods:We used a hypobaric pressure chamber to create relative underpressure in the ear canal, in order to impose positive pressure gradients on the inner ear. Psychophysical tuning curves, transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions and speech recognition scores in noise were measured in 10 subjects with fluctuating, low-frequency hearing loss, before and after pressure exposure.Results:After the exposure, subjects’ overall pure tone averages showed no improvement, but individual results showed improved speech recognition scores in noise (six subjects), increased transiently evoked otoacoustic emission strength (three subjects) and increased psychophysical tuning curve steepness (two subjects). Deteriorations were also seen, mainly in psychophysical tuning curves. No association could be established between the different tests, and the measured parameters could not predict subjective improvement.Conclusion:The results suggest variable effects of hypobaric pressure exposure on inner-ear physiology.

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Induction of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Goldfish Carassius auratus (var. oranda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Paschos ◽  
L Natsis ◽  
C Nathanailides ◽  
I Kagalou ◽  
E Kolettas
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Toxicity and deleterious impacts of selenium nanoparticles at supranutritional and imbalance levels on male goldfish (Carassius auratus) sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 126758
Author(s):  
Javad Seyedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kalbassi ◽  
Milad Esmaeilbeigi ◽  
Mohammad Behzadi Tayemeh ◽  
Jamshid Amiri Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus
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