Osmotic Regulation in the Brackish-Water Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis (Muller)

1977 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
R. W. EPP ◽  
P. W. WINSTON
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Osmotic Regulation ◽  
External Concentration ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Rotifer Brachionus Plicatilis

The body fluid osmolarity of individual rotifers was measured at 12 external concentrations ranging from 32 to 957 m-osmol/1. Brachionus plicatilis is essentially an osmoconformer, since a change in the concentration of the medium results in a corresponding change in the concentration of the body fluids. Most animals were, however, slightly hyperosmotic throughout the range tested. The lowest body fluid osmolarity was 59 m-osmol/1 at an external concentration of 32 m-osmol/1. It appears that B. plicatilis is unable to tolerate the low concentrations that are frequently associated with acid water environments and this is responsible for the restriction of this species to alkaline and brackish waters.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Urine Formation in Invertebrates

1936 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-328
Author(s):  
L. E. R. PICKEN
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Colloid Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Urine Formation

1. In Carcinus maenas: (a) The blood may be hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic to the external medium. (b) The urine may be hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic to the blood, and its concentration may differ in the two antennary glands. (c) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 13 cm. of water. (d) The colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is c. 11 cm. of water. (e) The urine probably contains protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure of c. 3 cm. of water. 2. In Potamobius fluviatilis: (a) The blood is hypertonic to the external medium. (b) The urine is hypotonic to the blood but hypertonic to the external medium and its concentration may differ in the two antennary glands. (c) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 20 cm. of water. (d) The colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is c. 15 cm. of water. (e) The urine may contain protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of c. 2 cm. of water. 3. In Peripatopsis spp.: (a) The blood is hypertonic to the urine. (b) The hydrostatic pressure of the body fluid is c. 10 cm. of water. (c) The colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of the blood is c. 5 cm. of water. (d) The urine may contain protein and has a colloid osmotic pressure (calculated) of c. 2.5 cm. of water. 4. It is concluded that filtration is possible and that secretion and resorption almost certainly occur in the formation of the urine. 5. A microthermopile is described. 6. Methods are described for measuring the hydrostatic pressure and the colloid osmotic pressures of the body fluids in small animals.

UF-1000i: validation of the body fluid mode for counting cells in body fluids

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chérina Fleming ◽  
Rob Brouwer ◽  
Adriaan van Alphen ◽  
Jan Lindemans ◽  
Robert de Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comparison Results

Abstract: We evaluated the new body fluid mode on the UF-1000: We collected 154 body fluid samples, and compared the results of the UF-1000: Method comparison results showed acceptable WBC agreement between UF-1000: The UF-1000

Investigations on osmotic regulation in the parasitic nematode, Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Anya
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Osmotic Regulation ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Aspiculuris Tetraptera

In the mouse pinworm, Aspiculuris tetraptera, the basic features of the process of osmotic regulation is similar to the process in other nematodes such as Parascaris equorum, Rhabditis terrestris and Hammerschmidtiella diesingi. The ability to osmoregulate is, however, utilized more effectively in a hypertonic than in a hypotonic solution.The body fluid is isotonic with 35 % sea water. The relative accuracy of this value is confirmed by direct measurements of the depression of freezing point of the body fluid. This is approximately 0.68–0.69 °C, which is approximately 0.12 % NaCl, which is higher than the value for Ascaris (= 0.655 °C).My thanks are due to Dr D. L. Lee for helpful discussions on some aspects of this study.

scholarly journals Finger-Actuated Microneedle Array for Sampling Body Fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5329
Author(s):  
Misagh Rezapour Sarabi ◽  
Abdollah Ahmadpour ◽  
Ali K. Yetisen ◽  
Savas Tasoglu
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microneedle Array ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Finger Pressure ◽  
Fluid Sampling

The application of microneedles (MNs) for minimally invasive biological fluid sampling is rapidly emerging, offering a user-friendly approach with decreased insertion pain and less harm to the tissues compared to conventional needles. Here, a finger-powered microneedle array (MNA) integrated with a microfluidic chip was conceptualized to extract body fluid samples. Actuated by finger pressure, the microfluidic device enables an efficient approach for the user to collect their own body fluids in a simple and fast manner without the requirement for a healthcare worker. The processes for extracting human blood and interstitial fluid (ISF) from the body and the flow across the device, estimating the amount of the extracted fluid, were simulated. The design in this work can be utilized for the minimally invasive personalized medical equipment offering a simple usage procedure.

scholarly journals Freezing avoidance and the distribution of antifreeze glycopeptides in body fluids and tissues of Antarctic fish

1988 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 549-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Ahlgren ◽  
C. C. Cheng ◽  
J. D. Schrag ◽  
A. L. DeVries
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Fluid Compartments

The distribution of antifreeze glycopeptides (AFGPs) in the body fluids and tissues of antarctic notothenioid fish was determined. In Dissostichus mawsoni (Norman), the peritoneal, pericardial and extradural fluid, like the blood, contained all eight AFGPs and in concentrations sufficient to depress freezing points below that of sea water (−1.9 degree C). Secreted fluids including urine, endolymph and aqueous and vitreous humour either lack all AFGPs or have very low concentrations of only the low molecular weight forms and have freezing points of about −1.0 degree C, and are therefore undercooled with respect to environmental temperature. Fluids with high concentrations of AFGPs also contain high levels of proteins similar to plasma proteins. Systemic administration of tritiated AFGPs in the closely related species Trematomus bernacchii (Boulenger) yielded a distribution pattern similar to that of the native AFGPs in D. mawsoni. This suggests passive distribution of AFGPs into the various fluid compartments following secretion from the liver; a pattern typical of secreted blood proteins. Tissue distribution of AFGPs was determined by comparison with that of the extracellular space marker [14C]polyethylene glycol. AFGPs were found in the interstitial fluid of all body tissues examined except brain tissue. No tissue showed any intracellular accumulation of tritiated AFGPs from the blood.

scholarly journals Messenger RNA biomarker signatures for forensic body fluid identification revealed by targeted RNA sequencing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Hanson ◽  
S Ingold ◽  
C Haas ◽  
J Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Menstrual Blood ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Fluid Identification ◽  
Biomarker Panel ◽  
Vaginal Secretions

AbstractThe recovery of a DNA profile from the perpetrator or victim in criminal investigations can provide valuable ‘source level’ information for investigators. However, a DNA profile does not reveal the circumstances by which biological material was transferred. Some contextual information can be obtained by a determination of the tissue or fluid source of origin of the biological material as it is potentially indicative of some behavioral activity on behalf of the individual that resulted in its transfer from the body. Here, we sought to improve upon established RNA based methods for body fluid identification by developing a targeted multiplexed next generation mRNA sequencing assay comprising a panel of approximately equal sized gene amplicons. The multiplexed biomarker panel includes several highly specific gene targets with the necessary specificity to definitively identify most forensically relevant biological fluids and tissues (blood, semen, saliva, vaginal secretions, menstrual blood and skin). In developing the biomarker panel we evaluated 66 gene targets, with a progressive iteration of testing target combinations that exhibited optimal sensitivity and specificity using a training set of forensically relevant body fluid samples. The current assay comprises 33 targets: 6 blood, 6 semen, 6 saliva, 4 vaginal secretions, 5 menstrual blood and 6 skin markers. We demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of the assay and the ability to identify body fluids in single source and admixed stains. A 16 sample blind test was carried out by one lab with samples provided by the other participating lab. The blinded lab correctly identified the body fluids present in 15 of the samples with the major component identified in the 16th. Various classification methods are being investigated to permit inference of the body fluid/tissue in dried physiological stains. These include the percentage of reads in a sample that are due to each of the 6 tissues/body fluids tested and inter-sample differential gene expression revealed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering.

A systematic analysis of miRNA markers and classification algorithms for forensic body fluid identification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Hongxia He ◽  
Zhi-Xiong Xiao ◽  
Anquan Ji ◽  
Jian Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Random Perturbation ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Fluid Identification ◽  
Extreme Stability

Abstract Identifying the types of body fluids left at the crime scene can be essential to reconstructing the crime scene and inferring criminal behavior. MicroRNA (miRNA) molecule extracted from the trace of body fluids is one of the most promising biomarkers for the identification due to its high expression, extreme stability and tissue specificity. However, the detection of miRNA markers is not the answer to a yes–no question but the probability of an assumption. Therefore, it is a crucial task to develop complicated methods combining multi-miRNAs as well as computational algorithms to achieve the goal. In this study, we systematically analyzed the expression of 10 most probable body fluid-specific miRNA markers (miR-451a, miR-205-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-144-3p, miR-144-5p, miR-654-5p, miR-888-5p, miR-891a-5p and miR-124-3p) in 605 body fluids-related samples, including peripheral blood, menstrual blood, saliva, semen and vaginal secretion. We introduced the kernel density estimation (KDE) method and six well-established methods to classify the body fluids in order to find the most optimal combinations of miRNA markers as well as the corresponding classifying method. The results show that the combination of miR-451a, miR-891a-5p, miR-144-5p and miR-203a-3p together with KDE can achieve the most accurate and robust performance according to the cross-validation, independent tests and random perturbation tests. This systematic analysis suggests a reference scheme for the identification of body fluids in an accurate and stable manner.

Identification of Cancer Biomarkers in Human Body Fluids by Using Enhanced Physicochemical-incorporated Evolutionary Conservation Scheme

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 1888-1897
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yanlin Li ◽  
Song Guo ◽  
Guifu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Cancer Biomarkers ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Feature Subset ◽  
Scoring Matrices ◽  
Related Proteins

Objective: Cancer is one of the most serious diseases affecting human health. Among all current cancer treatments, early diagnosis and control significantly help increase the chances of cure. Detecting cancer biomarkers in body fluids now is attracting more attention within oncologists. In-silico predictions of body fluid-related proteins, which can be served as cancer biomarkers, open a door for labor-intensive and time-consuming biochemical experiments. Methods: In this work, we propose a novel method for high-throughput identification of cancer biomarkers in human body fluids. We incorporate physicochemical properties into the weighted observed percentages (WOP) and position-specific scoring matrices (PSSM) profiles to enhance their attributes that reflect the evolutionary conservation of the body fluid-related proteins. The least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) feature selection strategy is introduced to generate the optimal feature subset. Results: The ten-fold cross-validation results on training datasets demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model. We also test our proposed method on independent testing datasets and apply it to the identification of potential cancer biomarkers in human body fluids. Conclusion: The testing results promise a good generalization capability of our approach.

Distribution of water in Arenicola marina (L.) equilibrated to diluted sea water

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. H. Freeman ◽  
T. J. Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Wide Range

It is our aim in this paper to answer three questions. All of them relate to the well-known ability of lugworms to act as isosmotic osmo-conformers over a wide range of salinities. When exposed to diluted sea water, the body fluids come into osmotic equilibrium with the lowered external concentration, and considerable amounts of water enter the body of the worm. There is no evidence of weight or volume regulation in dilute media, as assessed by a return of the body weight towards its original value. The processes of osmotic adaptation down to the lowest salinity limits for survival include, therefore, tolerance of a lowered osmotic concentration of the body fluids, and of the retention of increased amounts of water in the body. The evidence on which this view of osmotic adaptation in lugworms is based is reviewed by Oglesby (1969, 1973). Additional information on Arenicola marina is provided by Freeman & Shuttleworth (1977).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document