Water flow dynamics in the respiratory tract of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-549
Author(s):  
G. F. Holeton ◽  
D. R. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Gill Raker ◽  
Total Fluid

Simultaneous measurements of water velocity in the buccal chamber, and buccal and opercular hydrostatic pressure of carp have revealed surprisingly high water velocities. The high flow velocities mean that, at times, the kinetic energy of flow makes a substantial contribution to the total fluid energy. This suggests that there may be unequal distribution of hydrostatic pressures within the buccal chamber. Anatomical examinations showed that fluid channels in the buccal chamber and gill raker sieve are complex and can be expected to vary spatially and temporally throughout the respiratory cycle. It appears that there is a potential for error in many of the previous analyses of ‘gill resistance and energetics of fish breathing based solely on hydrostatic pressure measurements and the simplifying assumption of steady-state conditions.

Shrimp abundance and habitat relationships in tropical rain-forest streams, Sarawak, Borneo

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoya Iwata ◽  
Mikio Inoue ◽  
Shigeru Nakano ◽  
Hitoshi Miyasaka ◽  
Atsushi Doi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Forest Streams

Microhabitat use and habitat-abundance relationships of four freshwater shrimps, Atyopsis moluccensis, Macrobrachium pilimanus, Macrobrachium trompii and Macrobrachium neglectum, were surveyed in tropical streams running through primary and secondary forests in Borneo, East Malaysia. Underwater observations revealed that A. moluccensis preferred relatively high water velocity and a boulder substrate. Macrobrachium pilimanus also preferred high water velocity and a cobble substrate, whereas M. trompii occupied stream margins with slow current and fine substrates (from POM (particulate organic matter) to pebbles). In contrast, M. neglectum was distributed relatively evenly through the stream channel. The abundance of A. moluccensis, M. pilimanus and M. trompii in the stream reaches was best explained by the abundance of boulders, cobbles and POM, respectively, suggesting that the amount of preferred microhabitat is an important factor affecting shrimp abundances in the tropical rain-forest streams. The primary-forest reaches were dominated by coarse substrates, such as cobbles and boulders, while a great proportion of the streambeds in the secondary-forest reaches were covered with sand. Owing probably to such habitat differences, the abundance of both A. moluccensis and M. pilimanus, which preferred coarse substrates, was less in the secondary- than in the primary-forest reaches. These suggested that loss of preferred habitat, namely decreased coarse substrate availability, by sedimentation resulting from riparian deforestation had altered the shrimp assemblage structures.

Cell compressibility studies utilizing noncontact hydrostatic pressure measurements on single living cells in a microchamber

2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (23) ◽  
pp. 233901 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. G. Lin ◽  
A. Q. Liu ◽  
Y. F. Yu ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
C. S. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Single Living Cells ◽  
Single Living

Rocking filter in microstructured fiber for high resolution hydrostatic pressure measurements

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Anuszkiewicz ◽  
G. Statkiewicz-Barabach ◽  
T. Borsukowski ◽  
J. Olszewski ◽  
T. Martynkien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Microstructured Fiber

The permeability of the asteroid podial wall to water and potassium ions

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Binyon
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Total Fluid

Direct measurement of water loss from isolated podia of Luidia ciliaris under the influence of known levels of hydrostatic pressure has yielded a revised value for the permeability of this structure to water, namely 37.4 x 10-8 cm3/cm2.s.cm H2O pressure. The total fluid loss from a 50 g starfish will therefore be of the order of 0.75 ml/h. The mechanism for the replenishment of this fluid is discussed in the light of the traditional role of the madreporite. It would seem that adequate influx of fluid through this structure has not been observed, neither could it be responsible for ‘topping up’ in the case of arms severed from the parent body which still continue to move for considerable periods.

scholarly journals High water flow periods for the rivers from Someşean Plateau

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
V. Sorocovschi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Spatial Parameters ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The period of high water flow from rivers is a complex phenomenon, which manifests itself in the form of large waters and floods. High flow periods are an important phase in the runoff of rivers, both by their extreme nature and by the effects they can produce on the components of the environment. The paper analyses several aspects related to the periods of water runoff from rivers: genetic factors, frequency, and temporal and spatial parameters of large waters and floods, case studies of the most representative floods, environmental, social and economic effects induced by floods.

scholarly journals Strategies for Successful Mangrove Living Shoreline Stabilizations in Shallow Water Subtropical Estuaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11704
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Fillyaw ◽  
Melinda J. Donnelly ◽  
Jason W. Litwak ◽  
Julia L. Rifenberg ◽  
Linda J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Living Shorelines ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Living Shoreline ◽  
Subtropical Estuaries ◽  
The Impact

By combatting erosion and increasing habitat, mangrove living shorelines are an effective alternative to hard-armoring in tropical and subtropical areas. An experimental red mangrove living shoreline was deployed within Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, using a factorial design to test the impact of mangrove age, breakwater presence, and mangrove placement on mangrove survival within the first year of deployment. Mixed mangrove age treatments were included to identify if seedling (11-month-old) survival could be enhanced by the presence of transitional (23-month-old) and adult (35 to 47-month-old) mangroves. Environmental factors were monitored to detect possible causes of mangrove mortalities. Approximately half (50.6%) of mangroves died, and of those, 90.7% occurred within the annual high-water season, and 88.9% showed signs of flooding stress. Planting seedlings haphazardly among older mangroves did not attenuate enough wave energy to significantly increase seedling survival. Breakwaters alleviated stress through a reduction in water velocity and wave height, increasing the odds of survival by 197% and 437% when mangroves were planted in the landward and seaward rows, respectively. Compared to seedlings, deployment of adult mangroves increased survival odds by 1087%. Collectively, our results indicate that sites with a high-water season should utilize a breakwater structure and mangroves with a woody stem.

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