The Effect of Low-Calcium Sea Water and Actinomycin-D on the Sodium Metabolism of Fundulus Kansae

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
WARREN R. FLEMING ◽  
JAMES NICHOLS ◽  
W. T. W. POTTS
Keyword(s):  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Sodium Metabolism ◽  
Kinetic Pattern

1. Transfer of Fundulus kansae from 80 % sea water to a low-calcium water containing 0.4 mm/1 Ca2+ caused a sharp rise in sodium efflux and a change in the kinetic pattern of efflux. 2. A transient drop in whole-body sodium levels occurred within 1-2 days after transfer. Both sodium and potassium levels were normal after 9 days exposure to low-calcium saline. 3. Transfer into low-calcium sea water increased the rate of incorporation of radio-phosphorus into gill RNA. 4. Actinomycin-D blocked the stimulation of sodium turnover after transfer into low-calcium sea water. It did not affect the whole-body sodium or potassium levels of long-term sea-water adapted animals. 5. Actinomycin-D reduced the sodium efflux of short-term sea-water adapted animals regardless of the environmental calcium concentration. The antibiotic also upset the balance of sodium fluxes in those animals held in low-calcium sea water. 6. It is suggested that in addition to the generalized effect of calcium on permeability to monovalent ions and water, calcium serves to inhibit some of the synthetic processes involved in regulating sodium metabolism, and also serves to stabilize the metabolic machinery already present.

Long-Term Therapy of Diabetes Insipidus with Oral Benzothiadiazine and Phthalimidine Diuretics

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Lant ◽  
G. M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Combined Administration ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Sodium Metabolism ◽  
Long Term Therapy

1. The antidiuretic effects of oral therapy with benzothiadiazine and phthalimidine diuretics have been studied in seven patients with diabetes insipidus of pituitary origin. 2. The immediate and chronic phases of diuretic-induced antidiuresis differ in their characteristics. Immediate antidiuresis is closely related both to the saluretic action of the diuretics and to the level of fluid turnover prevailing before their administration. By contrast, the findings in four patients maintained on polythiazide or clorexolone for at least 4 years show that antidiuresis persists at a time when saluretic effects have ceased and there is no longer any detectable disturbance in body sodium metabolism. A change in mechanism of antidiuresis appears to occur with the passage of time. 3. There is a parallelism between the characteristics of the chronic antidiuretic and antihypertensive actions of diuretics. The mechanism of both effects remains obscure. 4. Despite uncertainty as to mechanism, diuretic therapy offers a reliable means of treating diabetes insipidus on a long-term basis. The only complication encountered was symptomless hypokalaemia which developed despite regular use of supplemental oral potassium. Combined administration of triamterene or amiloride with either polythiazide or clorexolone has been used with success as an alternative regime.

Prolactin Cell Cytology, Plasma Electrolytes, and Whole-Body Sodium Efflux in Acid-Stressed Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1212-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Fryer ◽  
W. H. Tam ◽  
B. Valentine ◽  
R. E. Tikkala
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acid Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prolactin Cell ◽  
Body Sodium

Twelve-month-old brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of both sexes were exposed to acidified water (pH 4 5) for a period of 52 d. Ultrastructural morphometric studies of the prolactin cells of the pituitaries of acid-stressed female trout revealed a reduction, after a latent period of about 1 wk, in prolactin cell area, cytoplasmic area and nuclear area which gradually recovered to control values by day 52 of acid exposure. In both male and female trout, acid exposure resulted in significant decreases in plasma osmolarity, and plasma sodium, which gradually returned to control values by day 52 of the study. Total plasma calcium was not altered by acid exposure in either male or female trout. For both male and female trout, acid exposure resulted in transient elevations in haematocrit and a prolonged suppression of blood pH. The whole-body sodium efflux for trout introduced into dechlorinated tap water or distilled water was significantly greater at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.35. Possible relationships between the acid-induced inhibition of the secretory activity of the prolactin cells and impairments in osmotic and ionic regulation observed in acid-stressed trout are discussed.

Acclimation to Copper by Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri: Physiology

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrel Jon Laurén ◽  
D. G. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Sodium Uptake ◽  
Body Sodium

Juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were exposed to 55 μg copper∙L−1 for 28 d and then transferred to uncontaminated water for 7 d. Whole body sodium concentration and sodium uptake (Jin) were measured at weekly intervals; Jin was measured at various Na+ concentrations and kinetic parameters estimated. After 24 h of copper exposure, the maximum rate of sodium uptake (Jmax) was inhibited by 55%, the affinity for sodium (Km) reduced by 49%, and whole body Na+ decreased by about 12.5%. After 7 d of exposure, whole body Na+ had returned to control values, but Jmax was still inhibited by 41%. Recovery of whole body Na+ occurred largely by a reduction of sodium efflux (Jout). Both Jmax and Km continued to recover until day 28, at which time Jin had returned to control values. We conclude that acclimation to sublethal copper depends on changes in both Na+ transport and permeability.

Diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in the sediments of the Eurasian Arctic seas and their significance for paleooceanological investigations in the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Yelena I. Polyakova ◽  
Yekaterina I. Novichkova ◽  
Tatiana S. Klyuvitkina ◽  
Elizaveta A. Agafonova ◽  
Irina M. Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Bering Sea ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Marginal Filter ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Hydrological Parameters ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Long Term Studies

Presented the results of long-term studies of diatoms and aquatic palynomorphs in surface sediments of the Arctic seas and the possibility of their use for the reconstructions of paleocirculation water masses, advection of Atlantic and Bering sea water into the Arctic ocean, changes in the river runoff to the seas, sedimentary processes in the marginal filter of the largest rivers, seasonal sea ice cover and other hydrological parameters.

scholarly journals Brain Metabolic Correlates of Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction after SARS-Cov2 Infection

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Maria Isabella Donegani ◽  
Alberto Miceli ◽  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
Matteo Bauckneht ◽  
Silvia Chiola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mapping Software ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Left Insula

We aimed to evaluate the brain hypometabolic signature of persistent isolated olfactory dysfunction after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Twenty-two patients underwent whole-body [18F]-FDG PET, including a dedicated brain acquisition at our institution between May and December 2020 following their recovery after SARS-Cov2 infection. Fourteen of these patients presented isolated persistent hyposmia (smell diskettes olfaction test was used). A voxel-wise analysis (using Statistical Parametric Mapping software version 8 (SPM8)) was performed to identify brain regions of relative hypometabolism in patients with hyposmia with respect to controls. Structural connectivity of these regions was assessed (BCB toolkit). Relative hypometabolism was demonstrated in bilateral parahippocampal and fusiform gyri and in left insula in patients with respect to controls. Structural connectivity maps highlighted the involvement of bilateral longitudinal fasciculi. This study provides evidence of cortical hypometabolism in patients with isolated persistent hyposmia after SARS-Cov2 infection. [18F]-FDG PET may play a role in the identification of long-term brain functional sequelae of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density and explanatory factors in children and adults with juvenile dermatomyositis at long term follow-up; a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Schermacher Marstein ◽  
Kristin Godang ◽  
Berit Flatø ◽  
Ivar Sjaastad ◽  
Jens Bollerslev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Juvenile Dermatomyositis ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Background Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy in children and adolescents. Both the disease and its treatment with glucocorticoids may negatively impact bone formation. In this study we compare BMD in patients (children/adolescence and adults) with long-standing JDM with matched controls; and in patients, explore how general/disease characteristics and bone turnover markers are associated with BMD. Methods JDM patients (n = 59) were examined median 16.8y (range 6.6–27.0y) after disease onset and compared with 59 age/sex-matched controls. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure BMD of the whole body and lumbar spine (spine) in all participants, and of ultra-distal radius, forearm and total hip in participants ≥20y only. Markers of bone turnover were analysed, and associations with outcomes explored. Results Reduced BMD Z-scores (<−1SD) were found in 19 and 29% of patients and 7 and 9% of controls in whole body and spine, respectively (p-values < 0.05). BMD and BMD Z-scores for whole body and spine were lower in all patients and for < 20y compared with their respective controls. In participants ≥20y, only BMD and BMD Z-score of forearm were lower in the patients versus controls. In patients, BMD Z-scores for whole body and/or spine were found to correlate negatively with prednisolone use at follow-up (yes/no) (age < 20y), inflammatory markers (age ≥ 20y) and levels of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (both age groups). In all patients, prednisolone use at follow-up (yes/no) and age ≥ 20y were independent correlates of lower BMD Z-scores for whole body and spine, respectively. Conclusion In long-term JDM, children have more impairment of BMD than adults in spine and whole-body. Associations with BMD were found for both prednisolone and inflammatory markers, and a novel association was discovered with the biomarker of JDM activity, IP-10.

scholarly journals Linking Long-Term Changes in Soil Salinity to Paddy Land Abandonment in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Tharani Gopalakrishnan ◽  
Lalit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Paddy Land ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Soil salinity is a serious threat to coastal agriculture and has resulted in a significant reduction in agricultural output in many regions. Jaffna Peninsula, a semi-arid region located in the northern-most part of Sri Lanka, is also a victim of the adverse effects of coastal salinity. This study investigated long-term soil salinity changes and their link with agricultural land use changes, especially paddy land. Two Landsat images from 1988 and 2019 were used to map soil salinity distribution and changes. Another set of images was analyzed at four temporal periods to map abandoned paddy lands. A comparison of changes in soil salinity with abandoned paddy lands showed that abandoned paddy lands had significantly higher salinity than active paddy lands, confirming that increasing salts owing to the high levels of sea water intrusion in the soils, as well as higher water salinity in wells used for irrigation, could be the major drivers of degradation of paddy lands. The results also showed that there was a dramatic increase in soil salinity (1.4-fold) in the coastal lowlands of Jaffna Peninsula. 64.6% of the salinity-affected land was identified as being in the extreme saline category. In addition to reducing net arable lands, soil salinization has serious implications for food security and the livelihoods of farmers, potentially impacting the regional and national economy.

scholarly journals Hypocalcin from Stannius corpuscles inhibits gill calcium uptake in trout

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. R891-R896 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. P. Lafeber ◽  
G. Flik ◽  
S. E. Wendelaar Bonga ◽  
S. F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Calcium Uptake ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Transepithelial Potential ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
Stannius Corpuscles ◽  
Normal Calcium

Bidirectional whole body flux and branchial Ca2+ influx were measured in freshwater rainbow trout. Intra-arterial injections of homogenates of Stannius corpuscles (CS) as well as of a 54-kDa isolated product (hypocalcin) exerted an inhibitory effect on whole body Ca2+ influx, but did not effect Ca2+ efflux. Hypocalcin was more effective in reducing Ca2+ influx in trout acclimated to low-calcium freshwater than in fish from normal-calcium water. We conclude that the isolated product (hypocalcin) represents the hypocalcemic principle of the CS. Similar doses of hypocalcin caused quantitatively similar decreases in Ca2+ influx in vivo and in the isolated perfused head preparation. This indicates that the gills form the principle target for hypocalcin in trout. The branchial transepithelial potential did not change during hormone treatments. Possible mechanisms of hypocalcin action are suggested.

scholarly journals Personalized management of differentiated thyroid cancer in real life – practical guidance from a multidisciplinary panel of experts

Endocrine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Alfredo Campennì ◽  
Daniele Barbaro ◽  
Marco Guzzo ◽  
Francesca Capoccetti ◽  
Luca Giovanella
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Neck Ultrasound ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Abstract Purpose The standard of care for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) includes surgery, risk-adapted postoperative radioiodine therapy (RaIT), individualized thyroid hormone therapy, and follow-up for detection of patients with persistent or recurrent disease. In 2019, the nine Martinique Principles for managing thyroid cancer were developed by the American Thyroid Association, European Association of Nuclear Medicine, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and European Thyroid Association. In this review, we present our clinical practice recommendations with regard to implementing these principles in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of patients with DTC. Methods A multidisciplinary panel of five thyroid cancer experts addressed the implementation of the Martinique Principles in routine clinical practice based on clinical experience and evidence from the literature. Results We provide a suggested approach for the assessment and diagnosis of DTC in routine clinical practice, including the use of neck ultrasound, measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and calcitonin, fine-needle aspiration, cytology, and molecular imaging. Recommendations for the use of surgery (lobectomy vs. total thyroidectomy) and postoperative RaIT are also provided. Long-term follow-up with neck ultrasound and measurement of serum anti-thyroglobulin antibody and basal/stimulated thyroglobulin is standard, with 123/131I radioiodine diagnostic whole-body scans and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography suggested in selected patients. Management of metastatic DTC should involve a multidisciplinary team. Conclusions In routine clinical practice, the Martinique Principles should be implemented in order to optimize clinical management/outcomes of patients with DTC.

scholarly journals Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Tract in a Colony of Beagle Dogs

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Nikula ◽  
S. A. Benjamin ◽  
G. M. Angleton ◽  
A. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microscopic Features

Gross and light microscopic features of transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the urinary tract were examined in Beagle dogs used for the study of the long-term effects of low-dose, whole-body, 60Co gamma radiation. Thirty-eight cases of TCC occurred among 990 dogs that were from 0 to 14 years of age. There was no conclusive evidence of a radiation effect. The 38 TCC were equally divided between male and female dogs, but there was a significant difference in the sex distribution of urethra-origin TCC. Eleven males had a primary urethral TCC compared to only two females. There was no significant difference between the urethra-origin and bladder-origin TCCs in the number of tumors that caused clinical signs, metastasized, or that contributed to the death of the dog. All cases of urethral TCC in male dogs occurred in the prostatic urethra. The majority of these cases were not recognized to be neoplasms at gross necropsy, but microscopic examination revealed the TCC. Our findings differ from previous reports stating that TCC occurs more frequently in female than male dogs, and they especially differ from reports claiming that urethra-origin TCC is predominately a disease of female dogs.

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