Body Weight and the Energetics of Temperature Regulation: a Re-Examination

1972 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-780
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. CALDER ◽  
JAMES R. KING
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Newtonian Model

The Newtonian model of heat loss from homoiotherms may remain as a useful approximation of thermoregulatory relationships and as a practical basis for comparison of species from laboratory responses. The validity of this, however, has not been established or furthered by the theoretical treatment that is re-analysed in this paper.

Interaction of central and peripheral factors in physiological temperature regulation

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Fusco ◽  
J. D. Hardy ◽  
H. T. Hammel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Physiological Temperature ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Localized Heating ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

To evaluate the relative importance of central and peripheral factors in physiological temperature regulation, calorimetric measurements of thermal and metabolic responses in the unanesthetized dog to localized heating of the supraoptic and preoptic regions were made at various environmental temperatures. At all temperatures, heating the hypothalamus caused an imbalance in the over-all heat exchange, and lowered core temperature by 0.8°–1.0°C. In a neutral environment, this was effected by a 30–40% depression of the resting rate of heat production. In a cool environment, heating inhibited shivering so that heat production, relative to heat loss, was low. In a warm environment, vigorous panting and vasodilatation were elicited, thereby increasing heat loss. On cessation of heating, shivering occurred in response to the lowered core temperature, but differed in intensity depending upon the peripheral thermal drive. Reapplication of heating suppressed shivering in all cases. From these data some quantitative estimates were made of the sensitivity of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory ‘centers’, and of the interaction and relative contributions of central and peripheral control.

Energy exchanges of veal calves in relation to body weight, food intake and air temperature

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. F. Webster ◽  
J. G. Gordon ◽  
J. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Total Heat Loss ◽  
Direct Calorimetry ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Energy Retention

SUMMARY1. Two series of energy balance trials were conducted with British Friesian veal calves. In the first, calves were given a milk replacer diet at three different planes of nutrition. In the second, calves were raised from about 80 to 180 kg at four air temperatures, 5°, 10°, 15° and 20°.2. The net efficiency of utilization of the milk replacer diet for growth was 0·72. The effect of body size on heat production in growing calves was best expressed by an exponent of body weight slightly but not significantly below W0·75.3. Measurements of heat production estimated from respiratory exchange and heat loss measured by direct calorimetry agreed exactly at all planes of nutrition. Heat production at zero energy retention was 675 kJ/kg W0·75 per 24 hr.4. Average daily live-weight gain and total heat loss were the same at all air temperatures. Changes during growth in the partition of heat loss into its sensible and evaporative components indicated that calves acclimated progressively to the air temperatures to which they were exposed.

scholarly journals Preoptic leptin signaling modulates energy balance independent of body temperature regulation

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangho Yu ◽  
Helia Cheng ◽  
Marie François ◽  
Emily Qualls-Creekmore ◽  
Clara Huesing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Body Temperature Regulation ◽  
Leptin Signaling

The adipokine leptin acts on the brain to regulate energy balance but specific functions in many brain areas remain poorly understood. Among these, the preoptic area (POA) is well known to regulate core body temperature by controlling brown fat thermogenesis, and we have previously shown that glutamatergic, long-form leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing neurons in the POA are stimulated by warm ambient temperature and suppress energy expenditure and food intake. Here we further investigate the role of POA leptin signaling in body weight regulation and its relationship to body temperature regulation in mice. We show that POA Lepr signaling modulates energy expenditure in response to internal energy state, and thus contributes to body weight homeostasis. However, POA leptin signaling is not involved in ambient temperature-dependent metabolic adaptations. Our study reveals a novel cell population through which leptin regulates body weight.

The Body Weight Loss And Core Temperature Regulation During And After Ultramarathon Running

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Fong Chou Kuo ◽  
Kai Yang Tseng ◽  
Jin Jong Chen ◽  
Shun Ping Lin ◽  
Wei Fong Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body

THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON METABOLIC AND THERMAL RESPONSES OF INFANT CARIBOU

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hart ◽  
O. Heroux ◽  
W. H. Cottle ◽  
C. A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Prediction Of Mortality ◽  
Cold Wind

Metabolic and thermal responses of infant caribou to climate were measured during the June calving period on the barrens in the area of Mosquito Lake and Beverly Lake, N.W.T. It was found that temperature regulation was well established at birth and that the calves were very sensitive metabolically to cold, wind, and precipitation. The metabolic rate was doubled by a lowering of temperature to about 0 °C, but cold combined with wind and precipitation elevated the metabolic rate to over five times the resting value. Calves which were exposed without protection to such conditions eventually became hypothermic and died. Weather conditions during storms on the barrens are sufficiently severe to produce some mortality in animals exposed without protection. The possibilities for prediction of mortality from wind chill values and estimated fur heat loss are discussed.

Body Weight and the Energetics of Temperature Regulation

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN K. McNAB
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Basal Rate ◽  
Newton’S Law

1. The interactions of basal rate of metabolism, thermal conductance, body temperature, lower limit of thermoneutrality, and body weight in mammals are compatible with Newton's law of cooling. 2. A small body weight will normally reduce the level and preciseness of body temperature, but a high basal rate of metabolism or a low thermal conductance may compensate for a small size and permit a high, precise temperature to be maintained. 3. The parameters of energetics that fix the level and preciseness of body temperature in mammals are ultimately correlated in turn with the environmental parameters of climate and food habits. 4. Birds generally have higher temperatures than mammals because the basal rates of metabolism are higher and the conductances lower in birds than in mammals of the same weight.

scholarly journals The effects of environmental temperature and plane of nutrition on heat loss, energy retention and deposition of protein and fat in groups of growing pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. A. Verstegen ◽  
W. H. Close ◽  
I. B. Start ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Energy Retention

1. Eight groups each of four castrated male pigs, 25–30 kg initial body-weight, were kept for periods of 3 weeks in a calorimeter equipped as a pig pen and maintained at either 8° or 20°. At each temperature two feeding levels (g food/kg body-weight per d) were used, 45 and 52 at 8°, and 39 and 45 at 20°. Metabolizable energy, heat loss and nitrogen balance were measured.2. Heat loss was higher at 8° than at 20° and was independent of plane of nutrition, whereas at 20° the higher heat loss occurred at the higher plane of nutrition. Energy retention depended on both temperature and feeding level, and was highest at the 52 g feeding level at 8°.3. N retention was not influenced by environmental temperature but varied with plane of nutrition (correlation coefficient = 0·94), the increase being 9·98 (± 0·8) mg N per g food increase. The correlation coefficient between N retention and body-weight gain was also 0·94; body-weight gain was correlated with N retention rather than with fat deposition. Fat gain was reduced at the lower feeding levels and at the lower environmental temperature at the feeding level of 45 g/kg.4. The partial efficiency of energy retention at 20° was 66·5%. From this efficiency the maintenance requirement (at zero energy retention) at 20° was calculated to be 418 kJ/kg0·75. At 8° the partial efficiency of energy retention was 99·4%.

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