Mechanisms for the Control of Body Temperature in the Moth, Hyalophora Cecropia

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-362
Author(s):  
JAMES L. HANEGAN ◽  
JAMES E. HEATH
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Thoracic Temperature ◽  
Hyalophora Cecropia ◽  
Theoretical Minimum ◽  
Maximum Minimum ◽  
Lowered Body

1. Thoracic temperature in the moth, Hyalophora cecropia, is correlated with gross patterns of behaviour. 2. The animal warms up to a minimum of 34.8°C body temperature before initiating flight. The rate of warm-up is linear and the duration of the warm-up period increases with decreasing air temperature. 3. Thoracic temperature at the initiation of flight and during maintained flight remain constant at any given air temperature, however, decreases 0.25°C per °C gradient as air temperature is decreased. 4. Distribution of the maximum and minimum thoracic temperatures during active periods indicate that the animal maintains its body temperature within a favourable range. The animal uses behavioural mechanisms to maintain the thoracic temperature within this range when the body temperature reaches the limits, 33.4 and 37.8 °C. 5. The minimum thoracic temperature for flight (34.8°C) and the shade-seeking temperature (38.5°C) correspond closely to the limits predicted from the maximum-minimum distribution of thoracic temperatures. 6. The theoretical minimum and maximum rates of oxygen consumption were calculated from cooling curves and warm-up curves. Both rates increase when the gradient between body temperature and air temperature increases (air temperature is lowered, body temperature remains relatively constant). 7. Directly measured rates of oxygen consumption in flying animals increase as air temperature decreases. These values fall within the calculated maximum and minimum in all cases. 8. Oxygen consumption measured in torpid animals indicates a normal poikilothermic response, increasing with increased air temperature. The Q10 for this response is 2.25 over the range 20-30 °C. 9. A model for the regulation of body temperature in active moths is discussed.

Hibernation in the Eastern Pygmy Possum, Cercartetus-Nanus (Marsupialia, Burramyidae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Geiser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cercartetus Nanus ◽  
Torpor Bouts

The pattern of torpor was examined in the eastern pygmy possum, Cercartetus nanus (21 g). Animals displayed torpor regularly in the laboratory, and the occurrence of torpor increased with decreasing air temperature (T(a)). At high T(a) (18-degrees-C) animals usually exhibited daily torpor, but torpor bouts of up to 2 days were observed occasionally. The duration of torpor bouts lengthened with a lowering of T(a) and the mean bout duration at T(a) = 5-degrees-C was 17.0 +/- 2.5 days. The minimum metabolic rate (measured as rate of oxygen consumption) of torpid individuals was 0.018 +/- 0.003 mL O2 g-1 h-1, which is less than 2% of the basal metabolic rate. The body temperature (T(b)) Of torpid animals fell to a minimum of 1.3 +/- 0.4-degrees-C. These results clearly demonstrate that Cercartetus nanus is a deep hibernator.

What's hot and what's not: defining torpor in free-ranging birds and mammals

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert MR Barclay ◽  
Cori L Lausen ◽  
Lydia Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lowered Body

With the development of small implantable data loggers and externally attached temperature-sensitive radio transmitters, increasing attention is being paid to determining the thermoregulatory strategies of free-ranging birds and mammals. One of the constraints of such studies is that without a direct measure of metabolic rate, it is difficult to determine the significance of lowered body temperatures. We surveyed the literature and found that many different definitions have been used to discriminate torpor from normothermy. Many studies use arbitrary temperature thresholds without regard for the normothermic body temperature of the individuals or species involved. This variation makes comparison among studies difficult and means that ecologically and energetically significant small reductions in body temperature may be overlooked. We suggest that normothermic body temperature for each individual animal should be determined and that torpor be defined as occurring when the body temperature drops below that level. When individuals' active temperatures are not available, a species-specific value should be used. Of greater value, however, are the depth and duration of torpor bouts. We suggest several advantages of this definition over those used in the past.

Regulation of Heat Production by Large Moths

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
JAMES EDWARD HEATH ◽  
PHILLIP A. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Thoracic Temperature ◽  
Silk Moth

1. Moths ‘warm-up’ prior to flight at mean rates of 4.06° C./min. in Celerio lineata and 2.5° C./min. in Rothschildia jacobae. The abdominal temperature rises only 2-3° C. during activity. 2. Oxygen consumption of torpid sphinx moths increases by a factor of 2.27 as temperature changes from 26° to 36° C. 3. Oxygen consumption during ‘warm-up’ increases with duration of ‘warm-up’ from about 1000 µl./g. min during the initial 30 sec. to nearly 1600µl./g. min. during the 3rd min. This increase compensates for increasing heat loss from the thorax during ‘warm-up‘. 4. When the moths are regulating thoracic temperature, oxygen consumption increases with decreasing air temperature from a mean of about 400µl./g. min at 31° C. to about 650µl./g. min. at 26° C 5. Values of O2 consumption calculated from the cooling curve of C. lineata are about 85% of the measured values of O2 consumption. 6. The giant silk moth, Rothschildia jacobae, regulates thoracic temperature during activity between about 32° and 36° C. at ambient temperature from 17° to 29° C. Moths kept at high temperatures are active longer, have more periods of activity and expend more energy for thermoregulation than moths kept at low temperatures. 7. Large moths increase metabolism during active periods to offset heat loss and thereby maintain a relatively constant internal temperature. In this regard they may be considered endothermic, like birds and mammals. 8. We estimate that male moths use 10% of their stored fat for thermoregulation, while females may use 50%.

scholarly journals The Regulation of Body Temperature in Extremes of Dry Heat

1912 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Healthy Man ◽  
Large Reserve

(1) Comfort and health can readily be maintained in dry heat where for long periods the air temperature is above that of the body.(2) The amount of water absolutely required, and actually consumed, is very large; and this is accounted for by the necessity for neutralising, in some circumstances, the whole heat of metabolism (requiring up to 6,000 c.c.) and in addition a variable but sometimes very large amount of heat added to the body by radiation and conduction.(3) A healthy man carries in his body a large reserve of water, this reserve being mainly stored in muscle and being so readily available that the percentage of water in the blood is not appreciably diminished even when several litres of water have been lost by sweating. If, however, it be extensively drawn on, replacement seems to occupy many hours, and this delay is an important factor, forming a strong argument against any undue or needless use of the stored water owing to restriction of drinking.

The metabolic rate and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot (Perameles gunnii) at different ambient temperatures

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Ikonomopoulou ◽  
R. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
Reproductive Females

We investigated the metabolic rate, thermoneutral zone and thermal conductance of the eastern barred bandicoot in Tasmania. Five adult eastern barred bandicoots (two males, three non-reproductive females) were tested at temperatures of 3, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C. The thermoneutral zone was calculated from oxygen consumption and body temperature, measured during the daytime: their normal resting phase. It was found that the thermoneutral zone lies between 25°C and 30°C, with a minimum metabolic rate of 0.51 mL g–1 h–1 and body temperature of 35.8°C. At cooler ambient temperatures (3–20°C) the body temperature decreased to approximately 34.0°C while the metabolic rate increased from 0.7 to 1.3 mL g–1�h–1. At high temperatures (35°C and 40°C) both body temperature (36.9–38.7°C) and metabolic rate (1.0–1.5 mL g–1 h–1) rose. Thermal conductance was low below an ambient temperature of 30°C but increased significantly at higher temperatures. The low thermal conductance (due, in part, to good insulation, a reduced body temperature at lower ambient temperatures, combined with a relatively high metabolic rate) suggests that this species is well adapted to cooler environments but it could not thermoregulate easily at temperatures above 30°C.

Effect of Hypothermia of 2 to 24 Hours on Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Output in the Dog

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Fisher ◽  
Clem Russ ◽  
E. J. Fedor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anesthetic Agent ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Difference

The changes occurring in cardiac output and oxygen consumption in short periods of hypothermia are the same when either ether or pentobarbital sodium is used as the anesthetic agent during the induction of hypothermia. Following an initial decrease in oxygen consumption, no further change occurred as long as the body temperature was maintained at a constant level. Cardiac output, arterial-venous oxygen difference, and coefficient of oxygen utilization remain unchanged for longer periods of time than most physiologic parameters studied during prolonged hypothermia at constant temperatures. After about 14 hours they also begin to alter so that by 24 hours the changes are profound. Stagnant anoxemia and marked increased in the coefficient of O2 utilization resulting from the markedly lowered cardiac output, which was 5% of the precooled controls, occurred.

Temperature regulation and cold acclimation in the golden hamster

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Characteristics of cold acclimation in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, were 1) higher metabolic rate at -30 C, 2) less shivering when related to ambient temperature or oxygen consumption, and 3) higher differences in body temperature between cardiac area and thoracic subcutaneous tissues at all ambient temperatures tested, indicating changes in tissue insulation. Cold-acclimated hamsters also showed a rise in temperature of the cardiac area when ambient temperature was below 15 C. Changes in heat distribution in cold-acclimated hamsters suggest higher blood flow and heat production in the thoracic part of the body in the cold. The thermal conductance through the thoracic and lumbar muscle areas, however, did not change notably with lowering ambient temperature. Marked differences in thermoregulatory response to cold after cold acclimation were found between two species, the golden hamster and the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, showing greater ability to regulate body temperature in the cold in hamsters. hibernator; oxygen consumption— heat production; body temperature — heat conductance; muscular activity — shivering; thermoregulation Submitted on July 6, 1964

Energy Metabolism of Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) at Rest and During Endothermic Warm-Up

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
MICHAEL L. MAY
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Warm Up

1. Energy metabolism at rest and during pre-flight warm-up was measured in a variety of anisopterous dragonflies. 2. Resting oxygen consumption was similar in its relation to body temperature (Tb) and body mass to that of other insects. At 30 °C, log M = 0.91 log m + 0.44, where M is metabolism (W) and m is body mass (kg). 3. Metabolism during warm-up was calculated both from measurements of Tb and from oxygen consumption. By the former method, log M = 1.01 log m + 2.22 at the maximum Tb attained during warm-up, and log M = 0.90 log m + 1.87 at Tb = 30 °C. Oxygen consumption measurements mostly gave values of M about 15% higher. 4. Total energy cost of warm-up is directly related to mass, thermal conductance and Tb at takeoff, and inversely related to warm-up rate.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH HUMIDITY ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF NEWBORN PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-747
Author(s):  
Herbert C. Miller ◽  
Franklin C. Behrle ◽  
David L. Hagar ◽  
Terry R. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Consistent Increase

Relative humidity between 80 and 90% increased the body temperatures of both healthy and sick premature infants, the increase being greatest in the least mature infants. No significant, consistent increase in oxygen consumption was observed to accompany the increase in body temperature produced by high relative humidity. Low relative humidity between 20 and 60% did not prevent the return of body temperature to normal values after the initial decrease immediately following birth. The return to normal was slower in the less mature infants. Low relative humidity was not incompatible with the survival of very small premature infants maintained in an ambient temperature betwen 88 and 90°F (31.1 to 32.2°C).

Significance of sweating in heat tolerance of cattle

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Skin Moisture

Evidence is presented that sweating is of importance to cattle as a method of regulating body temperature in a hot, dry environment. Cattle were covered with polyethylene coats, which prevented the vaporization of skin moisture from the body surface. They were then exposed to high atmospheric temperatures. Significant differences (P < 0.001) between their rectal temperatures and those of the control animals were demonstrated. It is concluded that, in conditions of high air temperature and radiation and low humidity, differences in heat tolerance between one animal and another may be due to differences in the ability to dissipate heat in the vaporization of sweat on the skin surface.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document