scholarly journals The Respiration of Freshwater Snails

1959 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-708
Author(s):  
KAJ BERG ◽  
K. W. OCKELMANN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Bithynia Tentaculata

1. The oxygen consumption of some Danish freshwater snails was studied in relation to varying periods of starvation, varying temperatures, weight of animals and oxygen content of the water. The observed respiration is a moderately active metabolism, not a basal one. 2. In the case of Lymnaea palustris and Bithynia leachi a distinct decrease of oxygen consumption has been found in the period 1-24 hr. after collecting; the decrease is supposed to be caused by starvation. In similar experiments Lymnaea pereger, Myxas giutinosa, Bithynia tentaculata, Valvata piscinalis and possibly Physafontinalis and Lymnaea auricularia show only a small decrease (or no decrease) of oxygen consumption. 3. During a gradual increase of the temperature (c. I° C. per hr.) the snails increase their oxygen consumption by 65-90% of the increase expected from Krogh's curve. In the case of Myxas glutinosa and Physa fontinalis the increase of respiration was nearly the same as that found by Krogh for other animals. 4. The relation of oxygen consumption to body size (live weight) is not a fixed, unchangeable quantity characteristic of every species, but may vary seasonally. A tentative explanation of this variation is given. 5. The oxygen consumption in relation to body size has also an interspecific variation. In prosobranchs the slopes b of the regression lines in a logarithmic co-ordinate system have in some cases nearly the magnitude 0.67 required by the surface law, but others are higher, e.g. c. 0.95. In pulmonates the relation varies as much as from b=c. 0.45 to b=c. 1.00, i.e. between less than proportional to surface and proportional to weight. 6. The oxygen consumption of the freshwater snails in relation to the sizes of the standard individuals is depicted in a logarithmic co-ordinate system as a belt showing only a slight deviation (Fig. 4, p. 697), i.e. the snails regarded as a whole have a fairly uniform respiration. The regression line of oxygen consumption to sizes of the standard individuals seems to be expressed by a regression line with a slope just under 1.0. 7. Experiments on oxygen consumption in relation to oxygen content of the water have shown that some species (Lymnaea auricularia, Myxas glutinosa, Physafontinalis, Valvata piscinalis and Bithynia leachi) are able to maintain their consumption with decreasing oxygen content of the water to a critical point of oxygen supply. But in some other species (Lymnaea pereger, L. palustris and Bithynia tentaculata) oxygen consumption decreases immediately in response to a declining oxygen supply. 8. In some freshwater snails (Myxas glutinosa, Lymnaea pereger, Physa fontinalis) the decrease in oxygen consumption in response to a decreasing oxygen supply is not gradual, but shows a steep fall below certain low values of the oxygen content. The only species able to maintain a comparatively high oxygen consumption at low oxygen supply is Bithynia leachi.

scholarly journals The Function of the Gills of Mayfly Nymphs from Different Habitats

1939 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. WINGFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Respiratory Mechanism ◽  
Tracheal Gills ◽  
Cloeon Dipterum ◽  
Gill Function ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

1. The oxygen consumption of normal and gill-less nymphs of the mayflies Baetis sp., Cloeon dipterum and Ephemera vulgata has been measured at various oxygen concentrations. 2. It has been found that over the complete range of oxygen concentrations studied, the tracheal gills do not aid oxygen consumption in Baetis sp. In Cloeon dipterum, at all oxygen concentrations tested, no gaseous exchange takes place through the gills; at low oxygen concentrations, however, the gills function as an accessory respiratory mechanism in ventilating the respiratory surface of the body and so aid oxygen consumption. In Ephemera Vulgata the gills aid oxygen consumption even at high oxygen concentrations. In this species the gills may function both as true respiratory organs and as a ventilating mechanism. 3. It is shown that the differences in gill function can be related to the oxygen content of the habitat of each species.

Capillary density in mammals in relation to body size and oxygen consumption

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
Pamela Pennycuik
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Metabolic Rate

The high metabolic rate per gram of tissue in small mammals requires that oxygen be supplied to the tissues at a higher rate than in larger animals. The high rate of oxygen delivery in the small animal can be accomplished by a) higher capillary density and b) higher unloading tension for oxygen. Both these factors in the oxygen supply vary with body size in such a manner that delivery of oxygen to the tissues is facilitated in the small animal. This paper gives comparative data on capillary density in muscles from 10 mammals of various size. The smallest mammals have significantly higher capillary densities, but the trend is not evident throughout the size range examined. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the factors that relate capillary density and body size are overshadowed by variables such as activity, domestication, cold acclimation, etc., and, perhaps primarily, the size of the muscle fibers, which (although dependent on body size) varies considerably with the type of muscle and its use.

Oxygen consumption of profundal lake animals at low oxygen content of the water

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaj Berg ◽  
Pétur M. Jónasson
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Low Oxygen

scholarly journals False Oxygen Consumption Effect and Factors Causing It

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
M. V. Miniaev ◽  
M. B. Belyakova ◽  
N. V. Kostiuk ◽  
D. V. Leshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Initial Oxygen Content ◽  
Initial Oxygen

False oxygen consumption effect characterized by a decrease of the polarographic sensor readings by the introduction of neutral microadditives into the incubation medium was modeled and tested. These neutral microadditives neither consume oxygen nor cause its consumption by other components of the medium. It is shown that microadditives less than 3% of the volume of incubation medium can cause statistically significant effect of false oxygen consumption more than 4% of the initial oxygen content. The effect can reach more than 15% at higher volumes of additives. The most important properties of additives enhancing the effect are low oxygen content, low temperature, and low concentration of oxygen salting out components.

Computer modeling of the oxygen supply and demand of cells of the avian growth cartilage

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. C497-C506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Haselgrove ◽  
I. M. Shapiro ◽  
S. F. Silverton
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Growth Cartilage ◽  
Oxygen Tensions

We have used computer modeling studies to investigate the oxygen supply to the prehypertrophic and hypertrophic regions of avian growth plate. We measured experimentally the characteristics of the oxygen consumption of chondrocytes at different oxygen tensions. The oxygen consumption decreases at low oxygen tensions. This relation between oxygen tension and oxygen consumption serves as a protective mechanism that prevents the cells in the prehypertrophic zone from becoming anoxic in the regions farthest from the blood vessels. The results of the calculations, when combined with redox measurements of the cells in the growth plate, indicate that the metabolism of the chondrocytes is not controlled simply by the available oxygen supply.

Respiration and biometry in the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Astall ◽  
M. B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Oxygen Tensions ◽  
Respiratory Trees

Relationships between wet body weight, dry body weight and ash-free dry body weight (AFDW) were established for the aspidochirote sea cucumber Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea); a wetdry weight ratio of 6–38:1 was found. Length-weight relations were also determined. Low oxygen tensions and mechanical trauma induced H. forskali to eviscerate (70% of individuals tested). Respiratory measurements of intact and eviscerated sea cucumbers were determined at 17°C. For intact animals, oxygen consumption (ul h1) was directly related to AFDW (the slope of the regression line, b=0–60), whereas weight-specific oxygen consumption (Vo2; ul g1AFDW h) was inversely related to AFDW (b=0–54). Oxygen consumption of eviscerated sea cucumbers was independent of AFDW (b=0-\5), but Vo 2 was inversely related to AFDW (t–0–85). There were no significant differences between the respiratory rates of intact and eviscerated individuals, indicating that H. forskali is not so dependent upon respiratory trees for oxygen uptake as previously assumed.

scholarly journals Effect of body size, temperature and starvation on oxygen consumption of antarctic krill Euphausia superba

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 01-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Van Ngan ◽  
Vicente Gomes ◽  
Paulo S. M. Carvalho ◽  
Maria José de A. C. R. Passos
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Weight

Routine oxygen consumption of krill was investigated as a general measure of its metabolism and assesses the effects of body size, temperature and starvation on the metabolism. No significant difference in whole animal consllmption was detected after 1,3,5 and 7 days of starvation. The response of metabolism of krill to temperature shows a zone of independence, from 0 to 1°C in which the temperature exerts no effect on metabolism. From 1 to 4°C the metabolism increases rapidly in function of temperature. There was a general increase in oxygen consumption with increasing body wet weight. The equation 'between consumption and wet weight is given by Log Q02 = 2.061+ 0.987xLogW, with r = 0.86. The slope of the regression line b=0.987 is less than unity, indicating that oxygen consllmption per unit weight is greater for the smaller than for the larger krill. Average metabolic rate at O°C of 164 krill is 733.24 l, µlO2g(dry wt)-1h-1. The metabolic rate is of 1129.67 J- µlO2g(dry wt)-1h-1 for small krill (13-19 mg dry weight) and 636.16 J- µlO2g(dry wt)-1h-1 for larger animais (160-169 mg dry weight). The metabülism ofkrill is shown to be related to period of adaptation and types of respirometer. Prolonged adaptation period showed adverse effect on metabolism and average oxygen consumption is almost three times higher in respirometers with stirring device than in simple sealed chambers.

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