scholarly journals A Conductimetric Method for the Estimation of Small Quantities of Ammonia

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
J. SHAW ◽  
B. W. STADDON
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
Small Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Chambers ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
The Difference

1. A method is described for the estimation of small quantities of ammonia down to 0.001 µg. N. 2. The principle of the method is that ammonia is liberated from the sample and recovered in a solution of standard acid by Conway's diffusion method; the electrical conductance of the acid falls as ammonia is absorbed, due to the difference in the mobility of hydrogen and ammonium ions. 3. The results of estimations on standard ammonium sulphate solutions and biological fluids are tabulated. The method can deal with quantities down to 0.005 µg. ammonia-N with an error <± 2% (standard deviation), 0.001µg. ammonia-N with an error ± 6-8%. 4. An account is given of the construction of small diffusion chambers and small conductivity cells.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Plans to Increase the Results of Ordinary National Education Test by All-Round Tutoring Process for Primary School Grade 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nuttakan Pakprod ◽  
Kanokrat Jirasatjanukul ◽  
Damrong Tumthong ◽  
Prapa Amklad ◽  
Wipa Lekchom
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Target Group ◽  
Educational Testing ◽  
School Grade ◽  
National Education ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Basic Level

The objective of this research is to study the results of activities to increase the scores of Ordinary National Education Test. Cluster; teachers of Phetchaburi Rajabhat University comparing the results of Ordinary National Education Test in 2017-2018 and studying the satisfaction of the activities. The target group is 49 schools in Phetchaburi and Prachuap Khiri Khan Provinces, data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The study found that the difference of the scores of the Ordinary National Education Test was higher in 32 schools and there is a difference in scores of Ordinary National Education Test tests lower by 2 schools, representing 94.12, with the satisfaction of the participation in the activity of increasing the basic educational testing at the basic level is at a high level with an average of 4.22, standard deviations 0.73, which the participants are satisfied with the process. The process of organizing activities was at the highest with an average of 4.28, standard deviations 0.76 and continues organizing activities to increase the scores of Ordinary National Education Test.

scholarly journals ELECTROMETRIC TITRATION OF CHLORIDE IN SMALL VOLUMES

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 822-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. RAMSAY ◽  
R. H. J. BROWN ◽  
P. C. CROGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Silver Electrode ◽  
End Point ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Electrometric Titration ◽  
In Series ◽  
A Current

1. Two methods of titrating chloride with Ag+ ion using the potentiometric end-point are described. 2. The first method is conventional in that silver nitrate is added from a burette. It deals with volumes down to 0.2µl. and can measure 1µg. of chloride with an error of < ± 1% (standard deviation). 3. According to the second method Ag+ ion is added by passing a current through a silver electrode in series with a condenser. The charge developed on the condenser is a measure of the amount of chloride titrated. This method deals with volumes down to 0.5 x 10-3µl. and can measure 10-4µg. of chloride with an error of < ± 1% (standard deviation). 4. As far as is known these methods are not susceptible to interference from other substances likely to be present in biological fluids.

scholarly journals The Sensitivity of Wellbeing to Inequalities in Local Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pascarn Ronald Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
The Difference

<p>Research points to a robust negative relationship between average levels of subjective wellbeing and the distribution of subjective wellbeing. The fact that our wellbeing falls as wellbeing distributions widen suggests we care about inequalities in the lives of others. Central to this relationship is the role of place and human geography. The literature relating wellbeing to inequality in wellbeing is confined almost exclusively to inter-country comparisons. Virtually no attention has been paid to the relationship between wellbeing and inequality within countries - at the level of regions and below. The aim of this thesis is to test the generality of the inter-country evidence in the sub-national context.  I present four hypotheses which I test on three separate cross-sectional surveys: the New Zealand Quality of Life Survey, The New Zealand General Social Survey and the survey of Māori wellbeing, Te Kupenga. I follow the literature in using the standard deviation of wellbeing as a measure of wellbeing inequality. In each case the negative relationship between individual wellbeing and wellbeing inequality is clearly identifiable. The wellbeing effect of living in a place one standard deviation higher than another is roughly equivalent to the difference between the wellbeing of someone who is fully employed and someone who is unemployed and looking for work. Clearly we are highly sensitive to disparities in the subjective wellbeing of those around us.  I conduct several tests of the psychological drivers that lie behind the wellbeing response to local inequality in wellbeing. The first tests fairness perceptions, and finds sensitivity to wellbeing inequality to be higher among those who do not believe society is intrinsically fair. My test of altruism, while not as convincing empirically, suggests altruistic people may also be less affected by local wellbeing inequality. Both conclusions are consistent with the implied causation running from inequality to wellbeing.  While an important addition to the wellbeing literature, the more important implication of my findings is political. As the New Zealand Local Government Act comes up for renewal, the evidence I have assembled strongly supports providing local government with a clear purpose and the necessary funding to address the underlying causes of local inequalities in wellbeing. On empirical grounds alone, reducing wellbeing inequality is likely to make us all much happier.</p>

scholarly journals Study of outcome of the treatment with intravenous iron sucrose in moderately anaemic pregnant women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3480
Author(s):  
Kohila Kalimuthu ◽  
Vanusha Avudaithangam
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Background: Moderate anaemia seen in about 15-20% of pregnant women. Iron sucrose complex which is used intravenously for the correction of Iron deficiency anaemia. The drug has been able to raise the haemoglobin to satisfactory level when used in moderately anaemic iron deficient pregnant women. The objective of this study was to study the improvement of Hb% after treatment with intravenous Iron sucrose complex in moderately anaemic pregnant women belonging to 24-32 weeks of gestational age.Methods: 50 antenatal patients between gestational age 24-32 weeks with hemoglobin between 8-9.5g/dl were selected and included in this study. They were subjected to blood hemoglobin estimation, hematocrit and peripheral smear study. In each infusion, the maximum total dose administered was 200 mg iron sucrose in 100 ml of normal saline, slow IV infused over 30 minutes. Monitoring was done throughout the infusion to observe for any side effects.Results: Mean hemoglobin among the 50 patients before starting the therapy was 8.172g/dl and the mean hemoglobin at the end of one month of completing the therapy was 11.066g/dl. The rise in mean hemoglobin i.e. the difference in the mean hemoglobin before and after treatment was 2.894g/dl. The p value is 0.0001 which is statistically significant. The mean hematocrit of the 50 patients studied before starting the treatment was 26.772% with a standard deviation of 1.914. The mean hematocrit after completing the therapy was 33.872% with a standard deviation of 1.321. The difference in the mean hematocrit was 7.100% with a p value of 0.0001 which is statistically significant.Conclusions: Intravenous iron sucrose complex is well tolerated and highly efficacious in improving hemoglobin, hematocrit in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in antenatal women.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Exercise Intradialisis Menggunakan Barbell dan Range of Motion (ROM) terhadap Adekuasi Hemodialisa pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Yestiani Norita Joni ◽  
Busjra M Nur ◽  
Fitrian Rayasari
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Design ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Keywords Hemodialysis

The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of intradialysis exercise using barbells and Range of Motion (ROM) on the adequacy of hemodialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease in the hemodialysis room of RSIJ Sukapura in 2018. The design of this study uses a design with non-probability pre and post test two groups without control design . The result of the difference in the effectiveness of the adequacy values between the two intervention groups after the intervention was given was the barbell intervention obtained 1,33 with a standard deviation of 0.485, an error standard of 0.114. Whereas in the ROM intervention group 1.67 the standard deviation was 0.485, the standard error was 0.114 and the p-value was 0.047 (> 0.05). Conclusion, there was no significant difference in the value of hemodialysis adequacy between the barbellROM intervention groups after the intervention.   Keywords: Hemodialysis Adequacy, Barbell, Exercise Effectiveness, Intradialysis, Range Of Motion (ROM)

EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF POULTRY FEEDS SOLD IN KATSINA METROPOLIS, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
A. U. Uduma ◽  
Joseph Akumah Ojogba ◽  
O. E. Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Percent Moisture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

In Katsina metropolitan, a variety of poultry feeds are available, and the quality and standards of these feeds are critical for the production of eggs and meat. As a result, the quality of selected chicken feeds sold in Katsina metropolitan was assessed by performing proximate analysis using AOAC methodology. Super starter, grower concentrate, broiler finisher, broiler starter, broiler super starter, layer mesh, grower mesh, and layer concentrate were among the samples used. The percentage mean to standard deviation was used to express the findings. The crude protein content of the diets studied ranged from 0.46 ± 0.00 percent to, 8.24± 0.02 percent, ash content 6.31± 0.01 percent – 33.30± 0.04 percent, crude fiber content 1.03 ±0.00 percent – 3.21± 0.00 percent, lipid content 0.11± 0.00 percent, 2.30 ±0.00 percent, moisture content 4.28 ±0.25 – 6.66 ±0.78 percent, and carbohydrate content 51.78± 2.68 – 83.72 ±0.57 percent. Although there was variation in the mean and standard deviation levels among the samples analyzed, such variations were not statistically significant (P>0.05) according to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the difference in the mean levels of parameters evaluated in eight samples

Simplified liquid-chromotographic analysis for cyclosporin A, and comparison with radioimmunoassay.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S G Carruthers ◽  
D J Freeman ◽  
J C Koegler ◽  
W Howson ◽  
P A Keown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We describe a simplified isocratic "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method for measuring a new immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporin A, in biological fluids with use of its analogs cyclosporin C and cyclosporin D as internal standards. The method is reproducible and accurate and appears to be specific for cyclosporin A; the detection limit is 31 micrograms/L. The chromatographic measurements of the concentration of cyclosporin A in serum of patients receiving the drug were invariably lower than those by radioimmunoassay and the difference became more pronounced the greater the period of time after dosing. Because measurements of cyclosporin A in serum standards were almost identical with both techniques, the differences between the two sets of results for patients' samples suggests that the radioimmunoassay is nonspecific and measures metabolites of cyclosporin A.

scholarly journals National Physical Laboratory Radiocarbon Measurements IV

Radiocarbon ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Callow ◽  
M. J. Baker ◽  
Geraldine I. Hassall
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Count Rate ◽  
National Physical Laboratory ◽  
Background Count ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Sample Count ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Absolute Age

The following list comprises measurements made since those reported in NPL III and is complete to the end of November 1965.Ages are relative to A.D. 1950 and are calculated using a half-life of 5568 yr. The measurements, corrected for fractionation (quoted δC13 values are relative to the P.D.B. standard), are referred to 0.950 times the activity of the NBS oxalic acid as contemporary reference standard. The quoted uncertainty is one standard deviation derived from a proper combination of the parameter variances as described in detail in NPL III. These variances are those of the standard and background measurements over a rolling twenty week period, of the sample δC14 and δC13 measurements and of the de Vries effect (assumed to add an additional uncertainty equivalent to a standard deviation of 80 yr). Any uncertainty in the half-life has been excluded so that relative C14 ages may be correctly compared. Absolute age assessments, however, should be made using the accepted best value for the half-life and the appropriate uncertainty then included. If the net sample count rate is less than 4 times the standard error of the difference between the sample and background count rates, a lower limit to the age is reported corresponding to a net sample count rate of 4 times the standard error of this difference.

A New Saccharogenic Micromethod for Measurement of Amylase Activity in Biological Fluids

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Lorentz ◽  
Detlef Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Serum Amylase Activity ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract To determine serum amylase activity we have quantitatively measured the glucose and maltose hydrolyzed from soluble starch by colorimetrically measuring the reduction of colorless triphenyltetrazolium chloride to a red formazan, which is dissolved in methanol. The method is suitable for use with microsamples of all biological fluids, and is specific for the final products of starch digestion. Values found for sera from 55 apparently healthy blood donors ranged from 0.15 to 1.55 (mean, 0.83; standard deviation, ±0.4) mg of glucose per ml per h, corresponding to 7.5 to 78 Somogyi units.

scholarly journals MicroRNA profiles in serum samples from Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure patients and miR-25-3p as a potential biomarker for survival prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Cisilotto ◽  
Alex Evangelista do Amaral ◽  
Daiane Rosolen ◽  
Michele Patrícia Rode ◽  
Adny Henrique Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Acute Decompensation ◽  
The Difference

AbstractAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition characterized by acute decompensation of cirrhosis, associated with organ failure(s), and high short-term mortality. The microRNAs or miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, stable in circulating samples such as biological fluids, and the difference in expression levels may indicate the presence, absence and/or stage of the disease. We analyzed here the miRNA profiling to identify potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for ACLF. The major miRNAs discovered were validated in a cohort of patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis grouped in no ACLF or ACLF according to EASL-CLIF definition. Relationship between serum miRNAs and variables associated with liver-damage and survival outcomes were verified to identify possible prognostic markers. Our results showed twenty altered miRNAs between no ACLF and ACLF patients, and twenty-seven in patients who died in 30 days compared with who survived. In validation phase, miR-223-3p and miR-25-3p were significantly altered in ACLF patients and in those who died in 30 days. miR-223-3p and miR-25-3p expression were associated with the lowest survival in 30 days. The decrease in miR-223-3p and miR-25-3p expression was associated with the presence of ACLF and poor prognosis. Of these, miR-25-3p was independently related to ACLF and 30-day mortality.

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