Various Types of Ghosts Derived from Human Red Cells: Heat Fragmentation and Phase Optics Studies

1952 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-619
Author(s):  
ERIC PONDER
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Cell Ghost ◽  
Optimal Distance ◽  
Human Red Cells

1. A large number of kinds of ghost, each with its own characteristic properties, can be prepared from human red cells. These ghosts, which differ from each other in their appearance as seen with phase optics, in their heat fragmentation, and probably in other respects also, are the result of the procedures used to prepare them (lysis by water as opposed to lysis in dilute saline, lysis followed by ‘reversal of haemolysis’ by phosphate or veronal buffers at various pH or by saturating the haemolysate with CO2, lysis by freezing and thawing, lysis by chemical lysins, etc.). In view of this, it is meaningless to speak of the ‘red cell ghost’ and of its structure without further specification. 2. No entirely satisfactory explanation for the differences in heat fragmentation of the various kinds of ghost has been found. The best one is that fragmentation into stable fragments occurs when the ghost is discoidal and when it has a certain plasticity, the plasticity depending on the concentration of residual Hb. It is shown that heat fragmentation of red cells occurs maximally in a tonicity of about 1.5, i.e. when the Hb molecules are a certain optimal distance apart. 3. A number of other phenomena which occur optimally at certain values of tonicity, i.e. when the Hb molecules are neither too closely packed nor too widely separated, are described. Among these phenomena are mechanical fragility, the formation of typical sickles, resistance to certain lysins, and K-Na exchange. The various forms of disk-sphere transformation seem to have no tonicity dependence.

scholarly journals The Electrophoretic Velocity of Human Red Cells, of Their Ghosts and Mechanically Produced Fragments, and of Certain Lipid Complexes

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ponder ◽  
Ruth V. Ponder
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
Electrophoretic Velocity ◽  
Human Red Cells ◽  
The Way

Ghosts prepared in CO2-saturated water from unwashed human red cells can be fragmented mechanically, but ghosts from thrice washed cells cannot. If the ghosts are prepared by freezing and thawing, this difference is not observed. The electrophoretic velocity varies also with the way in which the ghosts are prepared. The pH-mobility dependence of washed red cells flatten off to a plateau at pH 9, and the electrophoretic velocity is zero at about pH 2. Ghosts prepared by freezing and thawing have almost the same pH-mobility dependence, but if the ghosts are prepared in CO2-saturated hyptonic saline, the mobility at pH 9.4 is 0.75 times that of washed cells. Fragments of ghosts of unwashed red cells have a smaller mobility than that of the red cells. Trypsin reduces the mobility of washed red cells and of ghosts. Sols of lipid complexes (lecithin, cephalin, and lipositol), at varying pH's, have a mobility 1.2 times that of the washed red cell. The pH-mobility relation is otherwise similar. These complexes can be coated with dextran and trypsin.

scholarly journals Kinetics and stoichiometry of Na-dependent Li transport in human red blood cells.

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sarkadi ◽  
J K Alifimoff ◽  
R B Gunn ◽  
D C Tosteson
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Na Efflux ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Human Red Cells

This paper describes the kinetics and stoichiometry of a tightly coupled Na-Li exchange transport system in human red cells. The system is inhibited by phloretin and furosemide but not by ouabain. Li influx by this system increases and saturates with increasing concentrations of external Li and internal Na and is inhibited competitively by external Na. Comparable functions relate Li efflux and Na efflux to internal and external Li and Na concentrations. Analysis of these relations yields the following values for the ion concentrations required to half-maximally activate the transport system: internal Na and Li 9.0 and 0.5 mM, respectively, external Na and Li 25 and 1.5 mM, respectively. The system performs a 1:1 exchange of Na and Li moving in opposite directions across the red cell membrane. We found no evidence for a simultaneous transport of more than one Na and Li by the system. The maximum transport rate of Na-dependent Li transport varied between 0.1 and 0.37 mmol/(liter of cells X h) in the red cells of the five normal male subjects studied. No significant variations between individual subjects were observed for bicarbonate-stimulated Li transport and for the residual Li fluxes which occur in the absence of bicarbonate and in the presence of ouabain plus phloretin.

Acetylcholinesterase in Human Erythroid Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-923
Author(s):  
R. J. SKAER
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Erythroid Cells ◽  
Cell Replacement ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Human Red Cells

Acetylcholinesterase is present in human red cells but cannot be demonstrated by the copper thiocholine test. The enzyme is revealed, however, in the perinuclear cisterna, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus of red cell precursors. It is suggested that 2 forms of the enzyme are present, one of which can be demonstrated by the copper thiocholine test, the other cannot; one form may be the precursor of the other. These observations may cast light on the kinetics of red cell replacement and on the interpretation of the results from the copper thiocholine test on other tissues such as the nervous system.

Biological Activity of a Semisynthetic Flavonoid, O-(β-Hydroxyethyl)rutoside: Light-Scattering and Metabolic Studies of Human Red Cells and Platelets

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J W ten Cate ◽  
N J van Haeringen ◽  
J Gerritsen ◽  
E Glasius
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Platelet Functions ◽  
Human Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell Aggregation

Abstract The effect of O-(β-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside (HR) on human erythrocyte and platelet functions is reported. Only high concentrations of the compound distinctly inhibited red cell and platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine. Lower concentrations of HR inhibit [14C8]adenosine incorporation into red cells as well as into platelets. Inhibition occurs at both 0°C and 37°C, presumably because diffusion of [14C8]adenosine is hindered. Phosphorylation of [14C8] adenosine by the platelets is not inhibited by HR. The inhibition of red cell aggregation is reversed by washing the cells with plasma. Collectively, these findings indicate an effect of the compound at the site of the membrane, independent of cellular metabolism

scholarly journals Effects Produced by Trypsin on Certain Properties of the Human Red Cell

Blood ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC PONDER
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Related Enzyme ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Human Red Cells

Abstract Human red cells treated with trypsin in such a way as to become agglutinable in the presence of incomplete antibodies are affected in certain other respects. Their volume is slightly increased, their ghosts are unusually rigid or "volume-occupying," their osmotic and mechanical fragilities are slightly increased and their electrophoretic mobility is reduced. These changes are probably due to effects on the protein components of the red cell surface ultrastructure. Similar effects are also produced by the related enzyme mexacain.

Blood-perfused working isolated rat heart

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Duvelleroy ◽  
M. Duruble ◽  
J. L. Martin ◽  
B. Teisseire ◽  
J. Droulez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Isolated Rat Heart ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
External Work ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Isolated Rat ◽  
Human Red Cells

We describe a method for perfusion of a working isolated rat heart with washed erythrocytes suspended in a Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing bovine albumin (fraction V). With washed pig red cells, as hematocritwas varied between 0 and 40%, coronary flow (CF), aortic flow (AF), external work (W), and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were measured. Hemodynamic data at a hematocrit of 30% (CF = 5.4 +/- 0.7 ml/min per g, AF = 75 +/- 8 ml/min per g) were identical with those reported for the intact animal.Coronary sinus PO2 was highest with a red cell-free perfusate suggesting that coronary flow is partially shunted. Human red cells obtained from bankedblood, were tried also with success. With careful filtration, the preparation is stable for 2 h and well suited for study of the dynamics of myocardial oxygen delivery.

Tr: A Canine Red Cell Antigen Related to the A-antigen of Human Red Cells

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 542-554
Author(s):  
A.J. Bowdler ◽  
R.W. Bull ◽  
R. Slating ◽  
S.N. Swisher
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Antigen ◽  
Human Red Cells

Estradiol transport by human red cells

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Bischoff ◽  
George Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Intact Cell ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Penetration ◽  
Hemoglobin Content ◽  
Hemoglobin Solution ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Cell Affinity ◽  
Human Red Cells

Experiments were designed to establish whether the estrogens penetrate the membrane of the red cells or are transported by it. By hemolyzing red cells and reconditioning the ghosts, it was shown that the enzyme, estronase, follows the hemoglobin and therefore indicates that estrone and estradiol penetrate the membrane. Distribution of estradiol between intact red cells or reconditioned ghosts and ghost-free hemolysates of red cells or crystallized hemoglobin solution was proportional to the hemoglobin content when a correction for water solubility was made. Since the ghosts had frac13 the attraction of the intact cell, penetration is required to account for the distribution in the intact cell. Red cell ghost concentrates when prepared under certain conditions were found to have considerable affinity for estradiol, but on the basis of their low concentration per cell could account for only a fraction of the red cell affinity instrumental for estrogen orientation, even if their behavior did not reflect a change in properties during preparation. Ghosts prepared under the mildest conditions failed to demonstrate this affinity for estradiol. Submitted on September 14, 1959

scholarly journals Some Interrelationships of Blood and the Fava Bean Principle in Vitro

Blood ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM P. CREGER ◽  
HOUGHTON GIFFORD
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Fava Bean ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Human Red Cells

Abstract 1. Saline suspensions of human red cells, as well as those of several animal species, were agglutinated by normal saline extracts of the Fava bean. 2. This agglutination was potentiated in titer 100-fold in a medium of 10 per cent acacia, as a diluent. 3. The inhibition of the hemagglutination action of the Fava bean extract by human serum was apparently attributable to the gamma globulin fraction. 4. The Fava bean principle could be transferred from cell to cell, as shown by heat-elution and acacia technics. 5. Fava-sensitized red cells did not exhibit increased susceptibility in the test tube to complement, hemolysin, or osmotic or mechanical fragility. 6. The mechanism of in vivo red cell destruction in Favism is as yet unknown, but a special immunologic susceptibility to the action of the bean’s principle is suspected in certain persons. 7. It is suggested that the relation of acacia to Fava-sensitized red cells may form the basis of a diagnostic test for Favism in the early, acute stages of the disease.

scholarly journals THE ESCAPE OF HEMOGLOBIN FROM THE RED CELL DURING HEMOLYSIS

1935 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Ponder ◽  
Douglas Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Human Red Cells

By means of measurements from cinematograph films of the time taken for human red cells to lose hemoglobin while hemolyzing, it is shown that small concentrations of saponin bring about a relatively small permeability of the cell membrane to the pigment, whereas large concentrations so destroy the membrane that the theoretical time for loss of pigment through a completely permeable membrane (0.16 second) is very nearly attained. These results are in agreement with those obtained from electrical measurements, and the dependence of permeability on lysin concentration can be explained on the basis of what is known about the rate of transformation of lysin as it reacts with the cell envelope. When cells are hemolyzed by hypotonic solutions, on the other hand, the permeability of the membrane to pigment is nearly constant, irrespective of the tonicity used to bring about lysis.

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