The Mechanics of the Blood Vascular Sustem of Ascidiella Aspersa

1950 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
C. A. HAYWOOD ◽  
H. P. MOON
Keyword(s):  
Back Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Ascidiella Aspersa

1. The reversal of the tunicate heart involves two problems: first, why it stops beating in a particular direction; and secondly, why having stopped it should then reverse. 2. Two types of theory have been put forward, one based on the idea that a ‘back pressure’ is gradually built up which compels the heart to stop, and the other depending on opposing centres of contraction at each end of the heart taking control alternately. 3. The present paper provides quantitative evidence, based on Ascidiella aspersa (O. F. Mueller), that a back pressure is built up. The faster the heart beats the more frequently reversals occur, a back pressure building up more rapidly when the heart beats quickly. 4. Various criticisms of the back-pressure theory are considered and discussed. 5. Examples are given of other closed contractile systems containing fluid which show reversal, the tunicate heart being by no means unique.

scholarly journals Space Syntax's Relation to Seating Choices from an Evolutionary Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Barbara Keszei ◽  
Bálint Halász ◽  
Anna Losonczi ◽  
Andrea Dúll
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Quantitative Evidence

Space syntax provides information on the probabilities of certain behaviour types (e.g., seating choice, movement) depending on the configuration of space. The evolutionary approach (e.g. Appleton’s prospect-refuge theory) in environmental psychology can help designers in creating spaces by providing a better understanding why certain parts of an open space or a building are avoided or occupied, why good "observation points" or "hiding places” are preferred. Our research aimed to explore how different space syntax variables predict specific behaviours – the seating choices of 216 participants – in a 3D virtual model of a lounge area and how the prospect-refuge theory relates to these predictions. The participants had to choose a seat in simulated spaces in two social situations, which differed in the degree of focused work and concentration: one of the situations implied seeing others and being seen, while the other highlighted focused work and hiding. The results show that there was a variation in the seating choices depending on the goal of the situation (user: trying to be seen or hiding). The expected significant correlations with the space syntax measurements were presented in the situations where being seen was the goal of the participants. However, in the situations where hiding was induced, our results need further clarification. Our future goal is to provide quantitative, evidence-based reflection on the prospect-refuge and space syntax theories, and to investigate the psychological factors (e.g., goal of the user) that need further consideration when applying these theories in the design practice.

scholarly journals Sustainable Financing for Sustainable Development: Understanding the Interrelations between Public Investment and Sovereign Debt

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Ari ◽  
Muammer Koc
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Sustainable Financing

This study investigates the causal relationship between public investment and sovereign debt (i.e., external and domestic public debt) with respect to the limits of public-debt sustainability for four countries with the highest GDP (i.e., the United States, China, Japan, Germany) during the period of 2000–2015. In summary, this study establishes quantitative evidence based on empirical findings to support the claim that sovereign debt is harmful to the financing of public infrastructure if it breaches certain thresholds, as proposed in this study, and according to the literature. By this approach, the findings enable us to make recommendations about the need for mobilizing domestic resources and innovating new financial models to promote sustainable development within the limits of sustainable public debt. In short, this paper concludes that performing a project for sustainable development by implementing unsustainable financing models will always end up with unsustainable economic outcomes.

scholarly journals Iris Hanika's Treffen Sich Zwei: Reception, Analysis and Interpretation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kerry Alistair Nitz
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
Narrative Functions ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Iris Hanika’s commercially and critically successful novel Treffen sich zwei makes use of several techniques in the characterisation of its protagonists. Many of its reviews focus on the author’s deliberate placement of links to a wider literary context. Their interest extends from questions of genre-mixing through to the identification of direct quotes from other authors’ works. The critical preoccupation with intertexts demonstrates their importance for the readers’ response to the novel. More specifically, certain reviews highlight the important role intertexts play in the characterisation of the protagonists. This study catalogues the intertexts, metaphors and parodies in Treffen sich zwei and, by means of quantitative analysis, identifies high-level patterns in the use of these techniques. In particular, patterns are identified between, on the one hand, the different narrative functions of the intertexts and, on the other hand, the different ways in which they are interwoven in the text. The data also shows that distinct patterns are associated with each of the two protagonists and that certain patterns change in the course of the novel in parallel with the changes in the relationship between them. This quantitative evidence is supported by a more detailed, qualitative approach, which examines how specific intertexts or metaphors are used for the purposes of characterisation. In addition, variations in voice are used to distinguish the two main protagonists in a manner consistent with the intertexts and metaphors. It is thanks to the combination of these techniques that the theme of meeting encapsulated in the title, Treffen sich zwei, is woven into the textual fabric of the novel.</p>

Cultural Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-51
Author(s):  
Soon Ang
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Cultural Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
The Impact

The concept of cultural intelligence marks a paradigm shift from a focus on cross-cultural comparison to intercultural capabilities. Cultural intelligence influences research in as many as twenty-three academic disciplines and shapes policies and practices in the private, public, education, and nonprofit sectors. The phrase “two bowls singing” symbolizes in this chapter the resonance of cultural intelligence with two audiences: scientists and practitioners. Scientists primarily address the “what” and “why” questions, while practitioners focus more on the “how.” Striking each bowl therefore requires distinct approaches. Importantly, the “resonance” of each bowl amplifies that of the other bowl, signifying evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence. For the two bowls to sing, they need to rest on a solid wooden base. The base symbolizes institution and community building to broaden the impact on science and practice. The chapter concludes with the author’s future aspirations for cultural intelligence.

Clinical guidelines and patient related outcomes: summary of evidence and recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238
Author(s):  
Luciana Pereira de Vasconcelos ◽  
Luiza de Oliveira Rodrigues ◽  
Moacyr Roberto Cuce Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Good Medical Practice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Care Improvement ◽  
Based Medicine

Purpose Good medical practice, evidence-based medicine (EBM) and clinical practice guidelines (CPG) have been recurring subjects in the scientific literature. EBM advocates argue that good medical practice should be guided by evidence-based CPG. On the other hand, critical authors of EBM methodology argue that various interests undermine the quality of evidence and reliability of CPG recommendations. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate patient related outcomes of CPG implementation, in light of EBM critics. Design/methodology/approach The authors opted for a rapid literature review. Findings There are few studies evaluating the effectiveness of CPG in patient-related outcomes. The systematic reviews found are not conclusive, although they suggest a positive impact of CPGs in relevant outcomes. Research limitations/implications This work was not a systematic review of literature, which is its main limitation. On the other hand, arguments from EBM and CPG critics were considered, and thus it can enlighten health institutions to recognize the caveats and to establish policies toward care improvement. Originality/value The paper is the first of its kind to discuss, based on the published literature, next steps toward better health practice, while acknowledging the caveats of this process.

The process of producing a “NICE” guideline

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Clinical Guideline ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Nice Guideline ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The One ◽  
Based Medicine

SUMMARYThis paper describes the process of preparing a Clinical Guideline for “NICE”, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom. The procedure involves the group appointed to prepare the guideline relating to the various “stakeholders” who have an interest on the one hand, and satisfying the fairly demanding standards set by NICE on the other. The strengths and limitations of the approach based on evidence based medicine are discussed.

Some trends in 50 years of Italian Psychiatry (in Italian)

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
General Public ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Core ◽  
The One ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Popular Psychology

SUMMARYSeveral discernible trends have changed the outlook of psychiatric resources available to the general public during the last 50 years in Western countries and particularly in Italy. Among these trends, two conflicting issues are here outlined. On the one side, evidence based medicine is the core of a methodological revolution, which asks for a deeper criticism of subjective judgements in clinical matters; on the other side, the study of emotions and attitudes has stressed the outstanding importance of conscious and unconscious expectations both in patients and in caregivers. Moreover, popular psychology has altered the way mental disorder is commonly perceived and treated. A comprehensive way of taking into account these three diverse trends seems to be still lacking.

Gender differences in cardiovascular disease prevention

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Coronary Event ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lack Of Exercise

Risk factors are generally shared between men and women with the major differences being hormonal. Nine modifiable risk factors account for over 90% of the risk of a coronary event in men and women – smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, abdominal obesity, lack of exercise, alcohol excess, reduced intake of fruit and vegetables, and psychosocial issues. Approximately half the decline in deaths from coronary heart disease (CHD), between 1980 and 2000, can be attributed to a reduction in the major risk factors and the other half to the use of evidence-based management. As educational efforts to increase awareness of cardiovascular disease (not cancer) to be the leading cause of death and disability in women are also associated with preventative action, it is important that health-care professionals educate themselves about CHD in women and communicate with women themselves, so that women can come forward for advice and evaluation.

Wybrane problemy ustawodawstwa antyterrorystycznego w perspektywie historycznej

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (0) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Piotr Karasek
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Terrorist Acts

Terrorism has been threatening modern societies for many decades. Legislative response to this issue includes creating various definitions and classifications of terrorist acts on one hand and introducing „repressive” counterterrorism laws on the other. This is not a new phenomenon, however, in the history of fight against terrorism there has been many „counterterrorism acts” which did not succeed in resolving the issue – which is illustrated in the article with appropriate cases of XIX century’s terrorist acts. Appropriate, evidence based counterterrorism methods should be sought rather than repressive methods relying mainly on the society’s fear of terrorism.

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