scholarly journals Controlled expression of the migratory phenotype affects oxidative status in birds

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.233486
Author(s):  
Valeria Marasco ◽  
Manrico Sebastiano ◽  
David Costantini ◽  
Gianni Pola ◽  
Leonida Fusani
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Migratory Phenotype

High caloric intake can increase production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. We examined whether the emergence of the migratory phenotype, primarily signaled by increased food intake and fuelling, is accompanied by changes in oxidative status. We induced autumn migration followed by a non-migratory wintering phase in Common quails (Coturnix coturnix). We compared three markers of oxidative status: oxidative damage to lipids expressed as Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS); superoxide dismutase (SOD); and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) between birds sampled during the migratory- and non-migratory phase. We found that the emergence of the migratory phenotype was associated with: (i) higher levels of TBARS in the liver; (ii) lower SOD in red blood cells; (iii) higher GPx in the pectoral muscle, and (iv) sex-specific changes in red blood cells and liver. We found no link between food intake and variation in markers of oxidative status in any of the tissue examined, despite food intake being higher in the migratory birds. However, the increase in body mass was positively correlated with muscle GPx activity as birds entered the pre-migratory fattening phase, while the amount of decrease in body mass was negatively correlated with muscle GPx as birds transitioned to the non-migratory phase. Such correlations were absent in red blood cells and liver. Our work suggests that during the emergence of the migratory phenotype birds might strategically displace oxidative costs on the liver in order to safeguard the pectoral muscles, which have a fundamental role to successfully complete the migratory flight.

scholarly journals The malaria parasite has an intrinsic clock

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 368 (6492) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Rijo-Ferreira ◽  
Victoria A. Acosta-Rodriguez ◽  
John H. Abel ◽  
Izabela Kornblum ◽  
Ines Bento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Plasmodium Chabaudi ◽  
Clock Mutant ◽  
Mutant Host

Malarial rhythmic fevers are the consequence of the synchronous bursting of red blood cells (RBCs) on completion of the malaria parasite asexual cell cycle. Here, we hypothesized that an intrinsic clock in the parasite Plasmodium chabaudi underlies the 24-hour-based rhythms of RBC bursting in mice. We show that parasite rhythms are flexible and lengthen to match the rhythms of hosts with long circadian periods. We also show that malaria rhythms persist even when host food intake is evenly spread across 24 hours, suggesting that host feeding cues are not required for synchrony. Moreover, we find that the parasite population remains synchronous and rhythmic even in an arrhythmic clock mutant host. Thus, we propose that parasite rhythms are generated by the parasite, possibly to anticipate its circadian environment.

scholarly journals Thalassemic DNA-Containing Red Blood Cells Are under Oxidative Stress

Anemia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutaz Dana ◽  
Eugenia Prus ◽  
Eitan Fibach
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Dna Breakage ◽  
Erythroid Precursors

We studied the nature of enucleated RBCs containing DNA remnants, Howell-Jolly (HJ) RBCs and reticulocytes (retics), that are characteristically present in the circulation of thalassemic patients, especially after splenectomy. Using flow cytometry methodology, we measured oxidative status parameters of these cells in patients withβ-thalassemia. In each patient studied, these cells had higher content of reactive oxygen species and exposed phosphatidylserine compared with their DNA-free counterparts. These results suggest that oxidative stress in thalassemic developing erythroid precursors might, through DNA-breakage, generate HJ-retics and HJ-RBCs and that oxidative stress-induced externalization of phosphatidylserine is involved in the removal of these cells from the circulation by the spleen, a mechanism similar to that of the removal of senescent RBCs.

scholarly journals Deficiency of Irx5 protects mice from diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Son ◽  
Kyoung-Han Kim ◽  
Chi-chung Hui
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Body Mass Composition ◽  
Polygenic Obesity

Obesity, a leading cause of several metabolic abnormalities, is mainly due to an imbalance of energy homeostasis. IRX3 and IRX5 have been suggested as determinants of obesity in connection with the intronic variants of FTO, the strongest genetic risk factor of polygenic obesity in humans. Although the causal effects of Irx3 on obesity and its related metabolic consequences have been demonstrated in vivo, the metabolic function of Irx5 remains unclear. In this study, using mice homozygous for an Irx5-knockout (Irx5KO) allele, we show a direct link between Irx5 expression and regulation of body mass/composition and energy homeostasis. Irx5KO mice are leaner and resistant to diet-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities, primarily through the loss of adiposity with an increase in basal metabolic rate with adipose thermogenesis and lower food intake. Furthermore, our long-term feeding analysis found that Irx3 mutant mouse lines also have less food intake, indicating that lower caloric intake also contributes to their lean phenotype. Together, these results demonstrate that Irx5 is critical for energy homeostasis and regulation of body mass/composition and suggest that it likely acts in other tissues beyond adipocytes.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test as the measure of defence against free radicals in rabbits of different age

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Brzezińska-Ślebodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

Peroxidation of the unsaturated bonds of membrane lipids increases fragility and cellular lysis of red blood cells. Erythrocyte susceptibility to the free radicals (peroxyl radicals) generated in vitro by 2,2′-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) was evaluated and expressed as 50% maximal haemolysis time (HT50) in 3 groups of rabbits of different age. Erythrocytes of 1.5-month-old rabbits were more sensitive to free radicals than those of 3.5- and 6-month-old ones. In the three groups, significant negative correlation (r = −0.8 to −0.98) between the lipid peroxidation rate (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS concentration) in blood plasma and the erythrocyte resistance to free radicals was found. This result suggests that the plasma antioxidant defence system is interrelated with that of the red blood cells and that the erythrocytes can be a good model for studies of oxidative stress. The simple haemolysis test reflecting the free radical defence can be useful for evaluating the antioxidant properties of various compounds.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR EFFECTS OF ERYTHROPOIETIN ON THE LIPID COMPOSITION OF THE UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES OF NEWBORNS AT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN PREGNANCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (71) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Наталия Ишутина ◽  
Nataliya Ishutina ◽  
Ирина Андриевская ◽  
Irina Andrievskaya ◽  
Николай Дорофиенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Molecular Effects

In order to identify the molecular effects of erythropoietin on the lipid composition and properties of the membrane of red blood cells of the umbilical cord, 35 newborn children born from cytomegalovirus seropositive women with exacerbation of infection in the third trimester of pregnancy (main group) were examined. The control group consisted of 30 newborns born from cytomegalovirus seronegative women. Plasma and red blood cells of the umbilical cord became the material for the study. In the membrane of red blood cells of the umbilical cord by spectrophotometry there were studied the products that react with thiobarbituric acid; membrane microviscosity was studied by lateral diffusion of hydrophobic fluorescent probe of pyrenes; lysophosphatidylcholine content by a thin-layer chromatography; the content of arachidonic, oleic and α-linolenic fatty acids by gas chromatography; ionized calcium content by analyzer of blood gases and electrolytes; erythropoietin in umbilical cord blood plasma by enzyme immunoassay. The number of erythrocytes was determined by an automatic hematological analyzer. The assessment of erythrocytes morphology and echinocytes counting was performed by light microscopy with further cytophotometrical data processing. In the umbilical cord blood of newborns born from cytomegalovirus seropositive women with exacerbation of infection in the third trimester of pregnancy, there was found out an increase in the level of erythropoietin by 20% (p<0.05), the number of erythrocytes by 21% (p<0.01), of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid by 60% (p<0.001), of lysophosphatidylcholine by 42% (p<0.001), of arachidonic acid by 31% (p<0.001)<0.001), of ionized calcium by 14% (p<0.05), of the amount of echinocytes by 91% (p<0.001); with a decrease in the content of oleic and α-linolenic fatty acids by 40% (p<0.001), there was an increase in the ratio of fluorescence of excimers and monomers (Fe/Fm) by 30% (p<0.001), the number of red blood cells by 21% (p<0.01). The results obtained suggested in the newborns from seropositive women to cytomegalovirus with exacerbation of the infection in the third trimester of pregnancy the development of ineffective erythropoiesis, enhancing oxidative damage of red blood cells, leading to echinocytosis and eryptosis

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