scholarly journals Different amplitudes of temperature fluctuation induce distinct transcriptomic and metabolomic responses in the dung beetle Phanaeus vindex

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (23) ◽  
pp. jeb233239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly S. Sheldon ◽  
Mojgan Padash ◽  
Amanda W. Carter ◽  
Katie E. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energetic Reserves

ABSTRACTMost studies exploring molecular and physiological responses to temperature have focused on constant temperature treatments. To gain a better understanding of the impact of fluctuating temperatures, we investigated the effects of increased temperature variation on Phanaeus vindex dung beetles across levels of biological organization. Specifically, we hypothesized that increased temperature variation is energetically demanding. We predicted that thermal sensitivity of metabolic rate and energetic reserves would be reduced with increasing fluctuation. To test this, we examined the responses of dung beetles to constant (20°C), low fluctuation (20±5°C), or high fluctuation (20±12°C) temperature treatments using respirometry, assessment of energetic reserves and HPLC-MS-based metabolomics. We found no significant differences in metabolic rate or energetic reserves, suggesting increased fluctuations were not energetically demanding. To understand why there was no effect of increased amplitude of temperature fluctuation on energetics, we assembled and annotated a de novo transcriptome, finding non-overlapping transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of beetles exposed to different fluctuations. We found that 58 metabolites increased in abundance in both fluctuation treatments, but 15 only did so in response to high-amplitude fluctuations. We found that 120 transcripts were significantly upregulated following acclimation to any fluctuation, but 174 were upregulated only in beetles from the high-amplitude fluctuation treatment. Several differentially expressed transcripts were associated with post-translational modifications to histones that support a more open chromatin structure. Our results demonstrate that acclimation to different temperature fluctuations is distinct and may be supported by increasing transcriptional plasticity. Our results indicate for the first time that histone modifications may underlie rapid acclimation to temperature variation.

scholarly journals Predicting pathogenic non-coding SVs disrupting the 3D genome in 1646 whole cancer genomes using multiple instance learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen M. Nieboer ◽  
Luan Nguyen ◽  
Jeroen de Ridder
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Instance Learning ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Open Chromatin ◽  
Driver Genes ◽  
3D Genome ◽  
Whole Genomes ◽  
Cancer Genomes ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOver the past years, large consortia have been established to fuel the sequencing of whole genomes of many cancer patients. Despite the increased abundance in tools to study the impact of SNVs, non-coding SVs have been largely ignored in these data. Here, we introduce svMIL2, an improved version of our Multiple Instance Learning-based method to study the effect of somatic non-coding SVs disrupting boundaries of TADs and CTCF loops in 1646 cancer genomes. We demonstrate that svMIL2 predicts pathogenic non-coding SVs with an average AUC of 0.86 across 12 cancer types, and identifies non-coding SVs affecting well-known driver genes. The disruption of active (super) enhancers in open chromatin regions appears to be a common mechanism by which non-coding SVs exert their pathogenicity. Finally, our results reveal that the contribution of pathogenic non-coding SVs as opposed to driver SNVs may highly vary between cancers, with notably high numbers of genes being disrupted by pathogenic non-coding SVs in ovarian and pancreatic cancer. Taken together, our machine learning method offers a potent way to prioritize putatively pathogenic non-coding SVs and leverage non-coding SVs to identify driver genes. Moreover, our analysis of 1646 cancer genomes demonstrates the importance of including non-coding SVs in cancer diagnostics.

scholarly journals Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Efficient Delivery of Betulinic Acid to Cancer Cell Mitochondria

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5072
Author(s):  
Olakunle Oladimeji ◽  
Jude Akinyelu ◽  
Aliscia Daniels ◽  
Moganavelli Singh
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Mitochondrial Targeting ◽  
The Impact

Advances in nanomedicine have seen the adaptation of nanoparticles (NPs) for subcellular delivery for enhanced therapeutic impact and reduced side effects. The pivotal role of the mitochondria in apoptosis and their potential as a target in cancers enables selective induction of cancer cell death. In this study, we examined the mitochondrial targeted delivery of betulinic acid (BA) by the mitochondriotropic TPP+-functionalized epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-capped gold NPs (AuNPs), comparing the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-L-lysine-graft-polyethylene glycol (PLL-g-PEG) copolymer on delivery efficacy. This included the assessment of their cellular uptake, mitochondrial localization and efficacy as therapeutic delivery platforms for BA in the human Caco-2, HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. These mitochondrial-targeted nanocomplexes demonstrated significant inhibition of cancer cell growth, with targeted nanocomplexes recording IC50 values in the range of 3.12–13.2 µM compared to that of the free BA (9.74–36.31 µM) in vitro, demonstrating the merit of mitochondrial targeting. Their mechanisms of action implicated high amplitude mitochondrial depolarization, caspases 3/7 activation, with an associated arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. This nano-delivery system is a potentially viable platform for mitochondrial-targeted delivery of BA and highlights mitochondrial targeting as an option in cancer therapy.

The impact of short-term depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment on resting metabolic rate

Contraception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan G. Steward ◽  
Lori A. Bateman ◽  
Cris Slentz ◽  
Frank Z. Stanczyk ◽  
Thomas M. Price
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Responses to Developmental Temperature Fluctuation in Life History Traits of Five Drosophila Species (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from Different Thermal Niches

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 925
Author(s):  
Tommaso Manenti ◽  
Anders Kjærsgaard ◽  
Toke Munk Schou ◽  
Cino Pertoldi ◽  
Neda N. Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Temperature Fluctuation ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Developmental Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Temperature has profound effects on biochemical processes as suggested by the extensive variation in performance of organisms across temperatures. Nonetheless, the use of fluctuating temperature (FT) regimes in laboratory experiments compared to constant temperature (CT) regimes is still mainly applied in studies of model organisms. We investigated how two amplitudes of developmental temperature fluctuation (22.5/27.5 °C and 20/30 °C, 12/12 h) affected several fitness-related traits in five Drosophila species with markedly different thermal resistance. Egg-to-adult viability did not change much with temperature except in the cold-adapted D. immigrans. Developmental time increased with FT among all species compared to the same mean CT. The impact of FT on wing size was quite diverse among species. Whereas wing size decreased quasi-linearly with CT in all species, there were large qualitative differences with FT. Changes in wing aspect ratio due to FT were large compared to the other traits and presumably a consequence of thermal stress. These results demonstrate that species of the same genus but with different thermal resistance can show substantial differences in responses to fluctuating developmental temperatures not predictable by constant developmental temperatures. Testing multiple traits facilitated the interpretation of responses to FT in a broader context.

Long-term prognosis of patients withJ-wave syndrome

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Kamakura ◽  
Tetsuji Shinohara ◽  
Kenji Yodogawa ◽  
Nobuyuki Murakoshi ◽  
Hiroshi Morita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Amplitude ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
St Segment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Provocation Testing ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveLimited data are currently available regarding the long-term prognosis of patients with J-wave syndrome (JWS). The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term prognosis of patients with JWS and identify predictors of the recurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF).MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective study (seven Japanese hospitals) involving 134 patients with JWS (Brugada syndrome (BrS): 85; early repolarisation syndrome (ERS): 49) treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. All patients had a history of VF. All patients with ERS underwent drug provocation testing with standard and high intercostal ECG recordings to rule out BrS. The impact of global J waves (type 1 ECG or anterior J waves and inferolateral J waves in two or more leads) on the prognosis was evaluated.ResultsDuring the 91±66 months of the follow-up period, 52 (39%) patients (BrS: 37; ERS: 15) experienced recurrence of VF. Patients with BrS and ERS with global J waves showed a significantly higher incidence of VF recurrence than those without (BrS: log-rank, p=0.014; ERS: log-rank, p=0.0009). The presence of global J waves was a predictor of VF recurrence in patients with JWS (HR: 2.16, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.91, p=0.0095), while previously reported high-risk electrocardiographic parameters (high-amplitude J waves ≥0.2 mV and J waves associated with a horizontal or descending ST segment) were not predictive of VF recurrence.ConclusionsThis multicentre long-term study showed that the presence of global J waves was associated with a higher incidence of VF recurrence in patients with JWS.

Seismic interpretation, attribute analysis, and illumination study for targets below a volcanic-sedimentary succession, Santos Basin, offshore Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. SB37-SB50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella M. M. Cortez ◽  
Marco A. Cetale Santos
Keyword(s):  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Processing Depth ◽  
Attribute Analysis ◽  
Seismic Acquisition ◽  
Geologic Model ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
The Impact

During the past decade, a significant exploration effort into deeper water and deeper targets in offshore areas brought more knowledge about the distribution of igneous rocks in the sedimentary basins along many continental margins. Nonhomogeneous illumination effects may occur below shallow, high-impedance igneous rock bodies. The seismic processing, depth imaging, interpretation, and attribute analysis require a special attention when these magmatic bodies affect the illumination of deeper targets. Usually, those structures are not considered in illumination studies, and the salt diapirs govern the analysis. In this work, seismic attributes are quite relevant to constrain the geologic model used to simulate the amplitude maps of the deeper target and to quantify the shadow effects observed on it. These amplitude shadows may either create (false) or hide (true) attribute anomalies. We have modeled a Tertiary volcano-sedimentary succession (VSS) mapped in the northeastern Santos Basin, offshore Brazil, to simulate the effect in the amplitude response of deeper targets. There were multiple magmatic events through the Santos Basin Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary succession, intrusive and extrusive. The igneous extrusive rocks intercalated with sediments forming VSS marked by low- and high-amplitude responses with tough lateral discontinuity. The amplitude found well-preserved architectural elements interpreted as lava flows and volcanoes, contrasting with layered sediments. We have defined geobodies constrained by relative impedance and 3D edge detection to build the 3D geologic model of the igneous successions used for seismic simulation. From the geobodies, we modeled two VSS to run the P-waves ray-tracing propagation to simulate the migrated amplitude map of the deeper Lower Albian sequence top. We computed the P-velocity and the density from well logs, and the seismic acquisition geometry was similar to the original. Comparison between real and simulated amplitudes showed the impact of shadow zones caused by shallower igneous bodies.

scholarly journals The impact of seasonality on niche breadth, distribution range and species richness: a theoretical exploration of Janzen's hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1835) ◽  
pp. 20160349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Hua
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Thermal Niche ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Seasonal Temperature Variation ◽  
Latitudinal Patterns ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

Being invoked as one of the candidate mechanisms for the latitudinal patterns in biodiversity, Janzen's hypothesis states that the limited seasonal temperature variation in the tropics generates greater temperature stratification across elevations, which makes tropical species adapted to narrower ranges of temperatures and have lower effective dispersal across elevations than species in temperate regions. Numerous empirical studies have documented latitudinal patterns in species elevational ranges and thermal niche breadths that are consistent with the hypothesis, but the theoretical underpinnings remain unclear. This study presents the first mathematical model to examine the evolutionary processes that could back up Janzen's hypothesis and assess the effectiveness of limited seasonal temperature variation to promote speciation along elevation in the tropics. Results suggest that trade-offs in thermal tolerances provide a mechanism for Janzen's hypothesis. Limited seasonal temperature variation promotes gradient speciation not due to the reduction in gene flow that is associated with narrow thermal niche, but due to the pleiotropic effects of more stable divergent selection of thermal tolerance on the evolution of reproductive incompatibility. The proposed modelling approach also provides a potential way to test a speciation model against genetic data.

Microwave Electromagnetic Field Influence on the Stability of Reinforced Carbon Plastics with Built-In Lightning Protective Coating during Dynamic Loads Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
I.V. Zlobina ◽  
N.V. Bekrenev
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Metal Structure ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Damping Properties ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Plastics ◽  
Cycle Loading ◽  
The Impact

Currently, significant part of advanced air transport structural elements is made of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials (PCM), in particular, carbon plastics. In order to increase the resistance of these materials to static electricity and lightning discharges while air transport passes through lightning fronts, lightning protection coatings in the form of copper grids are incorporated into PCM structure . For load-bearing structures and aircraft shells, the influence of dynamic loads in the form of low-cycle high-amplitude loading and hitting by solid objects is typical. The presence of inbuilt metal structure introduces additional uncertainty into the anisotropic PCM perception of these loads. Studies of the strength of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics with built-in LPC at low-cycle loading and their perception of shock load has been carried out. It is established that short-term processing in the microwave electromagnetic field leads to an increase in the strength of the samples under low-cycle loading by 210%. CFR with LPC absorbs a part of the shock impulse and does not transfer it completely to subsequent structures. The microwave electromagnetic field helps to improve the damping properties of materials by 19.5% in average with a low impact energy. With an increase in the impact force energy, the effect of the microwave electromagnetic field is manifested to a less extent; further improvement of the damping properties does not occur. It increases the elastic characteristics of the material and practically does not lead to cracking and exfoliation of the surface layer in the impact area. The results can be used in the development of technologies for final processing of the products made of PCM in order to increase their resistance to dynamic loads.

scholarly journals Alcohol and its acute effects on resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Weststrate ◽  
Ingrid Wunnink ◽  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Systematic Difference ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thermic Effect

The impact of alcohol (ethanol) on resting energy expenditure of male non-obese volunteers was determined in two studies. In the first study the thermic effect of alcohol on resting metabolic rate (RMR) was assessed in ten male non-obese volunteers. In the second study the impact of alcohol on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) was determined in twelve male non-obese volunteers. Energy expenditure was measured with a ventilated-hood system. RMR was measured for 60 min with the subjects in a fasting state. In the first study subjects received in random order 20 g alcohol in concentrations of 75, 180 and 300 ml/I water respectively. After measurement of the RMR the thermic effect of alcohol was measured for 90 min. In the second study volunteers received in random order and in duplicate either a meal of food (2 MJ) plus an alcoholic aperitif (20 g alcohol in a 180 ml/1 solution) or an isoenergetic meal of food alone (2.55 MJ) plus a placebo aperitif containing no alcohol. DIT was measured for 240 min. Alcohol induced a significant thermic effect, which varied between 0.22 and 0.30 kJ/min. No systematic difference in DIT was observed among the different concentrations. DIT was not significantly affected by the ingestion of alcohol. Total DIT was 219 (SE 14) kJ for the alcohol treatment and 185 (SE 20) kJ for the control treatment. The results do not support the suggestion that alcohol is less efficiently used as an energy source in comparison with, for example, fats and carbohydrates.

Columbia Gorge Gap Winds: Their Climatological Influence and Synoptic Evolution

10.1175/826.1 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Sharp ◽  
Clifford F. Mass
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Zonal Flow ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Gradient Force ◽  
Pressure Gradient Force ◽  
Freezing Rain ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Gap Winds ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper quantifies the impact of the Columbia Gorge on the weather and climate within and downstream of this mesoscale gap and examines the influence of synoptic-scale flow on gorge weather. Easterly winds occur more frequently and are stronger at stations such as Portland International Airport (KPDX) that are close to the western terminus of the gorge than at other lowland stations west of the Cascades. In the cool season, there is a strong correlation between east winds at KPDX and cooler temperatures in the Columbia Basin, within the gorge, and over the northern Willamette River valley. At least 56% of the annual snowfall, 70% of days with snowfall, and 90% of days with freezing rain at KPDX coincide with easterly gorge flow. Synoptic composites were created to identify the large-scale patterns leading to strong winds, snowfall, and freezing rain in the gorge. These composites showed that all gorge gap flow events are associated with a high-amplitude 500-mb ridge upstream of the Pacific Northwest, colder than normal 850-mb temperatures over the study region, and a substantial offshore sea level pressure gradient force between the interior and the northwest coast. However, the synoptic evolution varies for different kinds of gorge weather events. For example, the composite of the 500-mb field for freezing rain events features a split developing in the upstream ridge with zonal flow at midlatitudes, while for easterly gap winds accompanied by snowfall, there is an amplification of the ridge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document