The best predictions in experimental biology are critical and persuasive

Douglas S. Fudge; Andy J. Turko

doi:10.1242/jeb.231894

The best predictions in experimental biology are critical and persuasive

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.231894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 223 (19) ◽

pp. jeb231894

Author(s):

Douglas S. Fudge ◽

Andy J. Turko

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Experimental Biology ◽

Scientific Explanations ◽

Deductive Method

ABSTRACTA powerful way to evaluate scientific explanations (hypotheses) is to test the predictions that they make. In this way, predictions serve as an important bridge between abstract hypotheses and concrete experiments. Experimental biologists, however, generally receive little guidance on how to generate quality predictions. Here, we identify two important components of good predictions – criticality and persuasiveness – which relate to the ability of a prediction (and the experiment it implies) to disprove a hypothesis or to convince a skeptic that the hypothesis has merit. Using a detailed example, we demonstrate how striving for predictions that are both critical and persuasive can speed scientific progress by leading us to more powerful experiments. Finally, we provide a quality control checklist to assist students and researchers as they navigate the hypothetico-deductive method from puzzling observations to experimental tests.

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Model-Based Quality Control System for Error Reduction in the Thermoforming Process

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 809 ◽

pp. 598-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard Vocke ◽

Johannes Stempin ◽

Patrick Schiebel ◽

Axel Herrmann ◽

Andreas Fischer

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Control System ◽

Process Model ◽

Control Variable ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Tool Temperature ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Model Based ◽

Thermoforming Process

Model-based quality control has the potential to reduce the reject rate in the production of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) components. After all the cross-market establishment of FRP, undesirable quality deviations often occur with new materials or component shapes. The quality control uses the component quality (e.g. component angle, crystallinity, fiber orientation, pore content) as the control variable. As a key component of the control, a process model is developed to link the process parameters (press pressure, press duration and tool temperature) with the quality parameters. Knowledge of the process-determining cause-effect relationships is necessary to ensure that different quality parameters are in the target value at the same time. Based on experimental tests, these interrelationships are determined using methods of statistical test planning and serve as the basis for model-based quality control. As a result, it has been shown that the targeted control of the component angle is possible in a range of about ±1° by using the control parameters, tool temperature and pressure, which have a significant influence on the quality. In the next step, further quality characteristics are included in the control system in order to demonstrate the ability to control the quality of complex component specifications. Model-based quality control is particularly promising for the reduction of the process run-in phase and thus for the reduction of the reject rate.

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TRANSFORMATION OF THE EXTERNAL AUDIT QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM

Audit and Financial Analysis ◽

10.38097/afa.2020.50.92.006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 65-75

Author(s):

В.Т. Чая ◽

Н.В. Кобозева

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Control System ◽

Internal Control ◽

Audit Quality ◽

International Experience ◽

External Control ◽

Formal Approach ◽

Wide Range ◽

Deductive Method

Контроль качества работы аудиторов способствует повышению качества финансовой информации, в связи с чем рост его результативности имеет особое значение не только на уровне отрасли, но и общества и государства в целом. Международный опыт организации контроля в аудите основан на дедуктивном методе, акцентирующем на тестинге системы внутреннего контроля проверяемого объекта. Российская практика внешнего контроля ориентирована на индуктивный подход, предполагающий широкий круг отобранных для проверки заданий, что обуславливает ресурсозатратность и формализацию подхода. Трансформация парадигмы концепции контроля с учетом международного опыта будет способствовать обеспечению перехода от формального подхода к проверкам по существу, а также повышению его результативности и эффективности. Quality control of the work of auditors contributes to improving the quality of financial information, and therefore the growth of its effectiveness is of particular importance not only at the level of the industry, but also for society and the state as a whole. The international experience of the organization of control in audit is based on the deductive method, which focuses on testing the internal control system of the audited object. The Russian practice of external control is focused on the inductive approach, which assumes a wide range of tasks that are selected for verification, which causes resource consumption and formalization of the approach. The transformation of the paradigm of the concept of control, taking into account international experience, will help to ensure the transition from a formal approach to substantive checks and increase its effectiveness.

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A New Vibration Measurement Procedure for On-Line Quality Control of Electronic Devices

Shock and Vibration ◽

10.1155/2002/401407 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (1-2) ◽

pp. 3-10

Author(s):

Gian Marco Revel

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Power Supply ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Measurement Procedure ◽

International Standards ◽

Vibration Measurement ◽

Testing Time ◽

On Line

In this paper the problem of experimentally testing the mechanical reliability of electronic components for quality control is approached. In general, many tests are performed on electronic devices (personal computers, power supply units, lamps, etc.), according to the relevant international standards (IEC), in order to verify their resistance to shock and vibrations, but these are mainly “go no-go” experiments, performed on few samples taken from the production batches.The idea here proposed is to improve the efficiency of these tests by using electro-optic techniques for the measurement of the vibration behaviour of the components under known excitation. This would allow the on-line testing of a high percentage of the production and would be useful to give important feedback to the design process.Scanning laser Doppler vibrometry seems to be a valuable solution for this problem, thanks to its capabilities of measuring several spatially-defined points on a vibrating object with reduced testing time for on-line application, with high sensitivity and accuracy, non-intrusivity and with any kind of excitation signal. Experimental tests are performed on a power supply: the results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The metrological problems connected with the on-line implementation are also discussed.

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Internal Quality Control in Osteopathic Healthcare Delivery

Russian Osteopathic Journal ◽

10.32885/2220-0975-2016-3-4-6-10 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 6-10

Author(s):

G. . Yeremin ◽

E. . Tregubova ◽

D. . Mokhov

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Healthcare Delivery ◽

Internal Quality Control ◽

Treatment Quality ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Insurance Fund ◽

Deductive Method ◽

The Moment ◽

Statutory Health Insurance Fund

AbstractIntroduction. The work presents an analysis of certain juridical, theoretical and practical problems of organization of internal quality control of medical aid (hereafter referred to as IQCMA) from the moment of history taking and diagnostics till the end of the treatment (quality of technologies and of the results obtained). A model of IQCMA conditioned by the quality of technologies and the results obtained has been proposed.Objects of research. Laws, departmental regulatory acts of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, of the Federal Statutory Health Insurance Fund, orders about IQCMA approved by the authorized bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation.Methods. Hypothetico-deductive method, general logical methods and research techniques (analysis, synthesis, abstracting, generalization, induction).

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Sorting Speckled Granites (Nehbandan) and Measuring Their Surface Veining using Machine Vision

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c4774.098319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 2574-2584

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Quality Control ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Image Processing Techniques ◽

Similar Appearance ◽

Surface Patterns ◽

Processing Techniques

Quality control and the appearance evaluation of stones are quite challenging in the industry today. The similar appearance of different stones containing the same minerals may result in economic losses, and if the customers fail to identify the type of slates delivered to them correctly, disagreements may arise between the buyers and granite vendors. This study is an attempt toward the automation of surface quality assessment of the Nehbandan(Iran) speckled granite and measurement of the surface patterns under fixed conditions using image processing techniques in order to classify the granite tiles based on their type and amount of impurities and veins. The experimental tests comparing the presented approach with the texture descriptors in the introduced dataset prove the efficiency of the proposed method and its applications under controlled conditions, including the classification of speckled granite tiles with different image resolutions.

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Research on the Usability of the Defective Grid Structure

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.2279 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 652-654 ◽

pp. 2279-2284

Author(s):

Yan Ting Feng ◽

Zhong Wei Li ◽

Ji Feng Zhao

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Quality Control ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Grid Structure ◽

Lack Of Fusion ◽

Specific Advice

Regarding dangerous defects such as cracks and lack of fusion in the joint weld of conical head and tube of grid structures and presented problems in NDT, research on usability of the defective grid structure was carried out through theoretical computations and experimental tests of mechanical properties of defective welds with specification of Φ60×3.5mm. Specific advice concerning quality control of the joint weld is given.

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Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000584 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michał Białek

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Scientific Progress ◽

The Public ◽

Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

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Scientific progress is like doing a puzzle, not building a wall

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000900 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Alexa M. Tullett ◽

Simine Vazire

Keyword(s):

Scientific Progress ◽

Original Research ◽

Jigsaw Puzzle ◽

Replication Research

AbstractWe contest the “building a wall” analogy of scientific progress. We argue that this analogy unfairly privileges original research (which is perceived as laying bricks and, therefore, constructive) over replication research (which is perceived as testing and removing bricks and, therefore, destructive). We propose an alternative analogy for scientific progress: solving a jigsaw puzzle.

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