scholarly journals Morphological and functional development of the spiral intestine in cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame)

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (13) ◽  
pp. jeb225557
Author(s):  
Yuki Honda ◽  
Wataru Takagi ◽  
Marty K. S. Wong ◽  
Nobuhiro Ogawa ◽  
Kotaro Tokunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spiral Intestine ◽  
Functional Development

Development of Mucosal Immunity: Functional Interactions with Mucosal Microbiome in Health and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Oscar G. Gómez-Duarte ◽  
Pearay L. Ogra
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Specific Pathogen

The mucosal surfaces and the skin are the primary sites of interactions between the mammalian host and the external environment. These sites are exposed continuously to the diverse components of the environment, including subcellular, unicellular and multicellular organisms, dietary agents and food products; and numerous other soluble or cellular air or water borne products. The development of innate and adaptive immunity in the mucosal surfaces and the skin are the principal mechanism of mammalian defense evolved to date, in order to maintain effective homeostatic balance between the host and the external environment. The innate immune functions are mediated by a number of host specific Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRR), designed to recognize unique Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP), essential to the molecular structure of the microorganism. The major components of specific adaptive immunity in the mucosal surfaces include the organized antigen-reactive lymphoid follicles in different inductive mucosal sites and the effector sites of the lamina propria and sub-epithelial regions, which contain lymphoid and plasma cells, derived by the homing of antigen sensitized cells from the inductive sites. The acquisition of environmental microbiome by the neonate in its mucosal surfaces and the skin, which begins before or immediately after birth, has been shown to play a critical and complex role in the development of mucosal immunity. This report provides an overview of the mammalian microbiome and highlights its role in the evolution and functional development of immunologic defenses in the mucosal surface under normal physiologic conditions and during infectious and non-infectious inflammatory pathologic states associated with altered microbiota.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF EPITHELIAL REMNANT AND WHOLE ORGAN GRAFTS OF THYMUS ON THE RECOVERY OF THYMECTOMIZED IRRADIATED MICE

1969 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther F. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Microscopic Morphology ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cellular Components

Work has been presented which suggests that thymus epithelial reticular cells are not effective in restoring the microscopic morphology of lymphoid tissues and their immunologic capacities. They function in recruiting precursors of thymus lymphocytes from the host animals to produce an organ which, after it becomes architecturally normal, can reconstitute the defective host. Intact thymus grafts in situ from 10–14 days, but not for shorter periods of time, have been shown to result in a return toward normal of these two parameters. Evidence is offered to show that few dividing cellular components in the lymphoid tissue originate from the thymus remnant grafts, and that a minor cellular component is contributed by the intact grafts. These data support the concept that the structural and functional development of the lymphatic tissue in thymectomized animals is dependent on thymus lymphoid cells and/or their products, and that the epithelial-reticular cells do not have a direct action in peripheral lymphoid reconstitution.

A model system for analyzing functional development of transplanted peptidergic neurons

Peptides ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Gash ◽  
Celia D. Sladek ◽  
John R. Sladek
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Peptidergic Neurons ◽  
Functional Development

scholarly journals Monitoring of physiological and blood parameters during perinatal and neonatal period in calves

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Piccione ◽  
S. Casella ◽  
P. Pennisi ◽  
C. Giannetto ◽  
A. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Functional Development ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, and the course of some blood parameters were monitored in calves during perinatal and neonatal periods. The study was carried out on eight Limousine calves. From all subjects, rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were measured. Blood samples were taken at the same hour (9am) from the external jugular vein, and then centrifuged and stored until analyses. By means of an UV spectrophotometer, the following blood parameters were assessed for each subject: total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, creatinine, cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxybutirate, glutamate pyruvate transaminases (GPT), glutamate oxalacetate transaminases (GOT), direct and total bilirubin, magnesium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, chloride and sodium. The results showed a significant effect of days of life (P<0.05) only on total cholesterol, creatinine and GOT during the first week of life and a significant effect of days of life on rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, total cholesterol, NEFA, creatinina, and GOT during the first month of life. A correlation among individual values for postnatal age (days of life) and heart rate in calves during the first month of life was observed. In conclusion, modifications of studied parameters could be attributed to functional development of calves in neonatal period and contribute to the knowledge of adaptation processes in calf during the first week and the first month of life resulting useful for the diagnosis and treatment of any neonatal diseases.

scholarly journals Functional development of the adult ovine mammary gland—insights from gene expression profiling

BMC Genomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Paten ◽  
Elizabeth J Duncan ◽  
Sarah J Pain ◽  
Sam W Peterson ◽  
Paul R Kenyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Gene Expression Profiling ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Functional Development
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