scholarly journals Oil gland and oil pores in billfishes: in search of a function

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (19) ◽  
pp. jeb224956
Author(s):  
F. Dhellemmes ◽  
M. J. Hansen ◽  
S. D. Bouet ◽  
J. J. Videler ◽  
P. Domenici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
High Density ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Istiophorus Platypterus ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
Xiphias Gladius

ABSTRACTBillfishes are well known for their distinctive elongated rostra, i.e. bills. The functional significance of billfish rostra has been frequently discussed and the recent discovery of an oil gland (glandula oleofera) at the base of the rostrum in swordfish, Xiphias gladius, has added an interesting facet to this discussion regarding the potential co-evolution of gland and rostra. Here, we investigated the oil gland and oil pores (through which the oil is brought to the skin surface) of four billfish species – swordfish, Atlantic blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), Indo-Pacific sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) and striped marlin (Kajikia audax) – and provide detailed evidence for the presence of an oil gland in the last three. All four species had a high density of oil pores on the forehead which is consistent with the hypothesis of hydrodynamic benefits of the oil. The extension of the pores onto the front half of the rostrum in sailfish and striped marlin, but not in swordfish or blue marlin, suggests that the oil may have additional functions. One such function could be linked to the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of the oil. However, the available evidence on predatory rostrum use (and hence the likelihood of tissue damage) is only partly consistent with the extension of pores on rostra across species. We conclude that the oil gland probably serves multiple, non-mutually exclusive functions. More detailed information on rostrum use in blue marlin and swordfish is needed to better link behavioural and morphological data with the aim of accomplishing a full comparative analysis.

scholarly journals Incorporating depth into habitat use descriptions for sailfish Istiophorus platypterus and habitat overlap with other billfishes in the western North Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
WJ Bubley ◽  
B Galuardi ◽  
AW Dukes ◽  
WE Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Istiophorus Platypterus ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
Spatial Niche ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Kajikia Albida

The sailfish Istiophorus platypterus is a circumglobal billfish species. It is commonly targeted in recreational fisheries and caught as by-catch in commercial fisheries, and therefore fisheries management would benefit from an enhanced understanding of basic patterns of the species’ daily and seasonal movements. Between 2002 and 2007, 87 billfish were tagged with pop-off satellite archival tags in the Atlantic waters off the coast of South Carolina, USA, including sailfish (n = 54), blue marlin Makaira nigricans (n = 15), and white marlin Kajikia albida (n = 18). Only fish meeting specific tag program criteria and length of tag attachment were selected for further analysis (sailfish, n = 19; blue marlin, n = 4; white marlin, n = 3). Differential horizontal and vertical movement patterns were observed within sailfish by season. Two- and three-dimensional (3D) analyses showed differential spatial niche use by sailfish. Among the istiophorid species, 3D analysis showed less overlap when occupying similar horizontal areas. The results from this study, in conjunction with similar studies from other areas, provide a better understanding of habitat usage that can be applied to address uncertainties in ecology or management, such as characterization of stock structure, identifying potential spawning habitat or intra-specific competition, providing correction factors for indices of abundance, and characterizing vulnerability to fishing gear.

Evidence of blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, spawning in the vicinity of Exuma Sound, Bahamas

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Serafy ◽  
Robert K. Cowen ◽  
Claire B. Paris ◽  
Thomas R. Capo ◽  
Stacy A. Luthy
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
The Bahamas ◽  
Surface Transport ◽  
Istiophorus Platypterus ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
North East ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
Limited Sampling

Exuma Sound is a semi-enclosed body of water bounded by islands of the Bahamas. During July 2000, sampling for larval billfish was carried out throughout the Sound's surface waters as well as in adjacent open waters of the Atlantic Ocean. A total of 99 larval billfish (Istiophoridae) was collected. Ninety of the larvae were identifiable as blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and three as sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus). The remaining larvae were also istiophorids, unidentified to species owing to damage; no larval Xiphias gladius were collected. Larval blue marlin densities ranged from 0 to 3.4 larvae/1000 m2; their sizes ranged from 3.1 mm notochord length to 22.6 mm standard length. Densities tended to be highest north-east of the Sound's central axis, especially within the two regions where exchange with the Atlantic is greatest. Mean densities tended to decrease in the direction of mean flow; mean lengths increased from 8.08 mm at the Sound's mouth to 14.7 mm standard length at its upper reaches. Length-based estimates of larval age ranged from 2.2 to 17.2 days. Given these age estimates and assuming passive surface transport, the blue marlin larvae collected were likely the result of recent spawning in waters that include Exuma Sound and may extend some 200 km south-east of its mouth. This study suggests that Exuma Sound functions as a nursery area for blue marlin, and possibly other billfish species, at least during the summer. Limited sampling just outside Exuma Sound, in the Atlantic Ocean proper, also yielded blue marlin larvae.

scholarly journals Modelling several morphometric relationships of swordfish (Xiphias gladius), black marlin (Makaira indica) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) caught from Indonesian longliners in the eastern Indian Ocean

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Setyadji ◽  
Irwan Jatmiko ◽  
Arief Wujdi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Standard Measurement ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Xiphias Gladius

This paper presents several equations for converting among measures of size (length and weight) for swordfish (Xiphias gladius), black marlin (Makaira indica) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) caught by Indonesian longliners in the Indian Ocean. The equations use for transforming non-standard measurement i.e. eye fork length (EFL) and pectoral fork length (PFL) to standard measurement, lower jaw fork length (LJFL). The paper also discussed about the length-weight relationship, including converting from non-standard length (EFL and PFL) to round weight. The result showed that both PFL and EFL were positively related to LJFL but there were no significant differences existed between females and males among length measures for swordfish, blue marlin, and black marlin (ANCOVA, P>0.05). All regression equation models were considered to be valid (P<0.01) with coefficient of determinations (r2) ranged from 0.81-0.99. Allometric growth pattern was statistically observed for all swordfish (b=2.94, r2=0.94), black marlin (b=3.12; r2=0.90) and blue marlin (b=3.30; r2=0.91).

Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Florida ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Istiophorus Platypterus ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
Live Bait ◽  
Comparable Size

<em> Abstract.</em>—This study evaluates the performance of circle and comparable-size “J” hooks on Atlantic and Pacific sailfish <em> Istiophorus platypterus </em>and, to a lesser extent, on Pacific blue marlin <em> Makaira nigricans</em>. Terminal gear performances were assessed in terms of fishing success, hook location, and bleeding associated with physical hook damage and trauma. Evaluations of trolling with dead bait took place off Iztapa, Guatemala, during the spring and summer of 1999, and assessment of drifting/kite fishing with live bait took place off South Florida during the summer of 1999.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of lipid composition of normal and acute-phase high density lipoproteins

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pruzanski ◽  
E. Stefanski ◽  
F.C. de Beer ◽  
M.C. de Beer ◽  
A. Ravandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins

scholarly journals Analysis of diagnostic possibilities of radio- logic and CT examination for pelvic injuries in children

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
E. M. Kil’dyushov ◽  
I. V. Buromsky ◽  
V. M. Rozinov ◽  
L. E. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Diagnostic Reliability ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ct Examination ◽  
Radiologic Examination ◽  
Pelvic Injuries

The purpose of this report is the determination of the diagnostic reliability of routine radiologic and CT examinations for pelvic injuries in children. The comparative analysis of these examinations and postmortem morphologic studies of pelvic spesimens was performed in 10 children, aged 2-12 years. It was shown that the X-ray method allowed to diagnose only 47.37% and CT method - 76.32% of all real pelvic injuries (by morphological data) in those children. However, the detectability of damage of the structures that formed the anterior pelvic semi-ring was 50% by radiologic examination, and 60% by CT examination, while for the structures forming posterior pelvic semi-ring it was 44.44% and 94.44%, respectively.

scholarly journals Taxonomic status of Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) – the Black Sea Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758) (Bivalvia: Pectinidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Bondarev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Marmara Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Republic

The name Flexopecten glaber ponticus (Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1889) is generally used for the only Pectinidae representative inhabiting the Black Sea. It is registered in the Red Book of the Republic of Crimea as endemic subspecies reducing in amount. F. glaber ponticus is listed in WoRMS MolluscaBase as the only accepted subspecies of Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758). In the past its taxonomic status has been changed from a geographic variety to valid species. The purpose of this study is to establish its correct taxonomic status. The study is based on a comparative analysis of conchological features of Flexopecten glaber and F. glaber ponticus in relation with the brief natural history of population in the Black Sea. Sampling was performed by snorkel equipment in Kazach’ya Bay (Black Sea, Crimea, Sevastopol) at 2–6 m depths. A total of 100 scallop specimens were sampled in September 2017. To assure a better understanding in a broader context those results are compared with the previously published morphological data based on the analysis of a large amount of material from the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea – Marmara Sea regions. Comparative analysis of conchological features of F. glaber ponticus from the Black Sea with F. glaber from the Mediterranean region has not revealed any distinct differences between them. Thus, there are no evidenced data for the diagnosis of F. glaber ponticus as a subspecies. Species F. glaber appeared in the Black Sea not earlier than 7,000 years ago and formed a well developed population less than 3,000 years ago. We have to conclude that the specified divergence period is not long enough to form a subspecies. As a result of the present survey the subspecific status of F. glaber ponticus is not retained and the name is placed in synonymy of the parent species Flexopecten glaber.

Stiffness and Damping Forces in the Intervertebral Joints of Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans)

1992 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. LONG
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Damping Coefficient ◽  
Complete Cycle ◽  
Blue Marlin ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
External Moment ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Bending ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

The stiffness and damping moments that are transmitted by intervertebral joints during sinusoidal bending were determined in the blue marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacépède. Using a dynamic bending machine, the angular stiffness (N m rad−1) and damping coefficient (kg m2 rad−2 s−1) of the intervertebral joints were measured over a range of bending frequencies, amplitudes and positions along the backbone. Angular stiffness increases with increasing bending amplitude, but, for some joints, the rate at which it changes with increasing bending frequency is negative. The precaudal intervertebral joints are less stiff than the caudal joints. The damping coefficient, which also shows regional variation, does not change with amplitude but does decrease with increasing bending frequency in joint positions three and five. Stiffness moments along the vertebral column, given the same amount of bending at each joint, are always greater than the damping moments. However, damping moments increase by an order of magnitude with an increase in bending frequency from 0.5 to 5.0Hz. The stiffness and damping moments determine the work that an external moment, such as muscle, must do over a complete cycle of bending. The external moments and work needed to bend an intervertebral joint are determined largely by the stiffness moments of the intervertebral joints.

Catch and Release in Marine Recreational Fisheries

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Atlantic Bluefin Tuna ◽  
Tag Retention ◽  
Catch And Release ◽  
Istiophorus Platypterus ◽  
Makaira Nigricans ◽  
Fishing Vessels

<em>Abstract.</em>—The Cooperative Tagging Center (CTC) of the National Marine Fisheries Service’s Southeast Fisheries Science Center operates one of the largest and oldest fish tagging programs of its type in the world. Since 1954, more than 35,000 recreational and commercial fishing constituents have voluntarily participated in the CTC, and this has resulted in tagging more than 245,000 fish of 123 species. Although some tagging activities have been conducted by scientists, most of the tag release and recovery activities were achieved by recreational and commercial fishery constituents. Five large highly migratory species have historically represented the Program’s primary target species, including Atlantic bluefin tuna <em> Thunnus thynnus</em>, blue marlin <em> Makaira nigricans</em>, white marlin <em> Tetrapturus albidus</em>, sailfish <em> Istiophorus platypterus</em>, and broadbill swordfish <em> Xiphias gladius</em>. Tagging equipment and procedures for catching, tagging, and resuscitation of species too large to be brought aboard fishing vessels have evolved and improved considerably over the years. This paper presents a review of the development of the most efficient tagging, handling, and dehooking techniques used on a variety of large, highly migratory species in the CTC. In addition, the results of a comparative tag retention study on billfish are presented, comparing stainless steel dart tags used for nearly 30 years with a hydroscopic nylon double-barb dart tag, recently developed in conjunction with The Billfish Foundation. Recommendations are made on the best techniques, procedures, and equipment for in-water tagging of large, highly migratory species.

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