scholarly journals Acute and chronic stress prevents responses to pain in zebrafish: evidence for stress-induced analgesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (14) ◽  
pp. jeb224527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack S. Thomson ◽  
Anthony G. Deakin ◽  
Andrew R. Cossins ◽  
Joseph W. Spencer ◽  
Iain S. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Nociceptive Responses ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Swimming Trajectories ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe state of an animal prior to the application of a noxious stimulus can have a profound effect on their nociceptive threshold and subsequent behaviour. In mammals, the presence of acute stress preceding a painful event can have an analgesic effect whereas the presence of chronic stress can result in hyperalgesia. While considerable research has been conducted on the ability of stress to modulate mammalian responses to pain, relatively little is known about fish. This is of particular concern given that zebrafish (Danio rerio) are an extensively used model organism subject to a wide array of invasive procedures where the level of stress prior to experimentation could pose a major confounding factor. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of both acute and chronic stress on the behaviour of zebrafish subjected to a potentially painful laboratory procedure, the fin clip. In stress-free individuals, those subjected to the fin clip spent more time in the bottom of the tank, had reduced swimming speeds and less complex swimming trajectories; however, these behavioural changes were absent in fin-clipped fish that were first subject to either chronic or acute stress, suggesting the possibility of stress-induced analgesia (SIA). To test this, the opioid antagonist naloxone was administered to fish prior to the application of both the stress and fin-clip procedure. After naloxone, acutely stressed fin-clipped zebrafish exhibited the same behaviours as stress-free fin-clipped fish. This indicates the presence of SIA and the importance of opioid signalling in this mechanism. As stress reduced nociceptive responses in zebrafish, this demonstrates the potential for an endogenous analgesic system akin to the mammalian system. Future studies should delineate the neurobiological basis of stress-induced analgesia in fish.

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Acute and Chronic Stress on CA1 Spatial Coding and Gamma Oscillations

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupratap Tomar ◽  
Denis Polygalov ◽  
Thomas J. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
The Impact

Chronic and acute stress differentially affect behavior as well as the structural integrity of the hippocampus, a key brain region involved in cognition and memory. However, it remains unclear if and how the facilitatory effects of acute stress on hippocampal information coding are disrupted as the stress becomes chronic. To examine this, we compared the impact of acute and chronic stress on neural activity in the CA1 subregion of male mice subjected to a chronic immobilization stress (CIS) paradigm. We observed that following first exposure to stress (acute stress), the spatial information encoded in the hippocampus sharpened, and the neurons became increasingly tuned to the underlying theta oscillations in the local field potential (LFP). However, following repeated exposure to the same stress (chronic stress), spatial tuning was poorer and the power of both the slow-gamma (30–50 Hz) and fast-gamma (55–90 Hz) oscillations, which correlate with excitatory inputs into the region, decreased. These results support the idea that acute and chronic stress differentially affect neural computations carried out by hippocampal circuits and suggest that acute stress may improve cognitive processing.

scholarly journals Differential impact of acute and chronic stress on CA1 spatial coding and gamma oscillations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupratap Tomar ◽  
Denis Polygalov ◽  
Thomas McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChronic and acute stress differentially affect behaviour, as well as the structural integrity of the hippocampus, a key brain region involved in cognition and memory. However, it remains unclear if and how the facilitatory effects of acute stress on hippocampal information coding are disrupted as the stress becomes chronic. To examine this, we compared the impact of acute and chronic stress on neural activity in the CA1 subregion of male mice subjected to a chronic immobilization stress paradigm. We observed that following first exposure to stress (acute stress), the spatial information encoded in the hippocampus sharpened and the neurons became increasingly tuned to the underlying theta oscillation in the local field potential (LFP). However, following repeated exposure to same stress (chronic stress), spatial tuning was poorer and the power of both the slow-gamma (30-50 Hz) and fast-gamma (55-90 Hz) oscillations, which correlate with excitatory inputs into the region, decreased. These results support the idea that acute and chronic stress differentially affect neural computations carried out by hippocampal circuits and suggest that acute stress may improve cognitive processing.

scholarly journals Impact of Stress on Epilepsy: Focus on Neuroinflammation—A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4061
Author(s):  
Claudia Espinosa-Garcia ◽  
Helena Zeleke ◽  
Asheebo Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Outcome Severity ◽  
State Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, is characterized by recurrent seizures and subsequent brain damage. Despite strong evidence supporting a deleterious impact on seizure occurrence and outcome severity, stress is an overlooked component in people with epilepsy. With regard to stressor duration and timing, acute stress can be protective in epileptogenesis, while chronic stress often promotes seizure occurrence in epilepsy patients. Preclinical research suggests that chronic stress promotes neuroinflammation and leads to a depressive state. Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity in people with epilepsy, resulting in a poor quality of life. Here, we summarize studies investigating acute and chronic stress as a seizure trigger and an important factor that worsens epilepsy outcomes and psychiatric comorbidities. Mechanistic insight into the impact of stress on epilepsy may create a window of opportunity for future interventions targeting neuroinflammation-related disorders.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Stress and Attitudes Toward Substance Use Among College Students: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-348
Author(s):  
Dominique Kornely ◽  
Kameko Halfmann
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Impact

Substance use occurs on college campuses nationwide and is among the top threats to college-student health. The present study aimed to explore the impact of stress on substance use attitudes. The independent variable was acute psychosocial stress, induced using the Trier Social Stress Test. We measured chronic stress using the Adverse Childhood Experiences questionnaire. The Alcohol Purchase Task (i.e., alcohol demand, alcohol breakpoint, alcohol expenditure) and the Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events-Revised questionnaire (i.e., expected involvement with substances and expected benefits and consequences of using substances) were the dependent variables. We predicted that participants who completed the acute stress task would report greater attitudes toward substance use behaviors and this would be more pronounced for those with higher levels of chronic stress. Acute stress did not affect willingness to pay for alcohol, F(3, 85) = 0.55, p = .65, ηp2 = 0.02, or expected positive or negative consequences from engaging in substance use, F(3, 85) = 0.44, p = .73, ηp2 = 0.02. There was a small positive association between chronic stress, as measured by adverse childhood experiences, and expected use, ρ(89) = .22, p = .04. In exploratory analyses, we found expected positive benefits of substance use to be significantly associated with expected future involvement, whereas expected negative consequences of substance use was associated with expected future involvement. Our results imply that acute and chronic stress were not significant in predicting substance use behaviors. Rather, those who expect benefits are more likely to use substances.

An intervention study on the effectiveness of an anti-stress-app on psychophysiological acute and chronic stress (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Lautenbach
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress

BACKGROUND Dealing with stress is of central importance. Lately, smartphone applications (apps) are deployed in stress interventions as they offer maximal flexibility for users. First results of experimental studies show that anti-stress apps effect subjective perception of stress positively (Ly et al., 2014). However, current literature lacks studies on physiological stress reactions (e.g., cortisol), although they are of special interest to health issues. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an anti-stress app in chronic and acute stress reduction on a physiological (cortisol) and psychological level (subjective perception of stress) in comparison to a face-to-face and a control group in a pre-post design, for the first time. METHODS Sixty-two participants took part in the pretesting procedure (drop-out of 53 %). Based on age, gender, physical activity and subjectively perceived acute stress due to the Trier Social Stress Test for groups (TSST-G; von Dawans et al., 2011) as well as based on subjectively chronic stress assessed during the pretest, participants were parallelized in three groups (anti-stress-app: n = 10, face-to-face: n = 11, control group: n = 9). RESULTS After six weeks of the cognitive-based resource-oriented intervention, participants were exposed to the TSST-G for post testing. Results did not show a change of cortisol secretion or cognitive appraisal of the acute stressor. Further, no changes were detected in the chronic physiological stress reaction. CONCLUSIONS Possible causes are discussed extensively. CLINICALTRIAL no

scholarly journals The impact of chronic stress and eating types on active ghrelin levels in response to acute stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Fahrngruber ◽  
Kalina Duszka ◽  
Jürgen König
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractChronic stress is associated with impacting eating behavior, namely food choice and energy intake, with a shift towards more palatable and energy dense foods. Additionally, eating behavior is influenced by other psychological factors like mood and emotions. The categorization of people into eating types such as restrained, emotional, and external eaters has gained attraction. Reported changes in eating behavior due to psychological stress are only occasionally accompanied by measures of physiological hunger through ghrelin. The primary objective of this study was to investigate how chronic stress and acute cortisol reactivity affect active ghrelin secretion and how these outcomes account for different eating types. 16 healthy, young males (age: 23 ± 3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 1.3kg/m2) with low (n = 8) and average-to-high (n = 8) chronic stress level were subjected to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a control version on two separate days. Active ghrelin, cortisol, glucose, and heart rate were measured throughout the test. Subjects rated their hunger by means of visual analog scale and current mood was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS). In addition, participants filled out the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to account for their subjective eating behavior. Overall ghrelin values where higher on the test day compared to the control day. Ghrelin values were also higher during the time leading up to the stress or control test (TSST) than during the conclusion of said tests. On both days, mean values for active ghrelin where higher in individuals with low chronic stress exposure compare to those with average-to-high chronic stress exposure. While values from test to control day decreased for lower stressed participants, they slightly increased for higher stressed participants. Cortisol responders displayed higher ghrelin values on test day than cortisol non-responders, but this association inverted for the control day. Results indicate that chronic stress influences acute stress response and further alters active ghrelin production, which in turn can influence eating behavior. Replication in a greater group of participants of differing weight and sex could yield a greater understanding of stress induced eating. Factors such as relaxation techniques and coping mechanisms could further improve our knowledge and evaluate treatment possibilities.

Effects of age on metabolic responses to acute and chronic stress

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. E617-E624 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Odio ◽  
A. Brodish
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Old Rats

The effect of age on the capacity of an organism to mobilize glucose and free fatty acids during stress and to adapt these responses from an acute to a chronic stress situation is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aging impaired the capacity to 1) raise glucose and free fatty acid levels and suppress insulin release in acute stress situations and 2) develop adaptation of these responses to exposure to chronic stress. Our results indicate that 6-mo-old rats (young) trained to escape electric shock (short-term modulation) showed greater acute stress-induced hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemic, and lipolytic responses than untrained young rats. By contrast, in 22-mo-old rats (old), responses of trained and untrained animals were not different. In the chronic stress (long-term adaptation) experiments, it was found that 1) adaptation of stress-induced hyperglycemia occurred at a faster rate in young than in old animals; 2) in young but not in aged rats, a strong positive correlation was observed between adaptation of stress-induced hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; and 3) in young rats, stress-induced lipolytic responses declined proportionately to the duration of chronic stress exposure, whereas by contrast in chronically stressed aged rats steady-state levels of free fatty acids were not raised during exposure to stress. Thus we conclude that 1) glucose intolerance may play a key role in the altered stress-induced metabolic responses of aged rats; 2) with age, there is a loss of plasticity in physiological adaptive response mechanisms associated with metabolic responses to stress.

scholarly journals Facilitation of the HPA Axis to a Novel Acute Stress Following Chronic Stress Exposure Modulates Histone Acetylation and the ERK/MAPK Pathway in the Dentate Gyrus of Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 2942-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantelle L. Ferland ◽  
Erin P. Harris ◽  
Mai Lam ◽  
Laura A. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Acute Stressor

Evidence suggests that when presented with novel acute stress, animals previously exposed to chronic homotypic or heterotypic stressors exhibit normal or enhanced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response compared with animals exposed solely to that acute stressor. The molecular mechanisms involved in this effect remain unknown. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is one of the key pathways regulated in the hippocampus in both acute and chronic stress. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of prior chronic stress, using the chronic variable stress model (CVS), with exposure to a novel acute stressor (2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethyl thiazoline; TMT) on ERK activation, expression of the downstream protein BCL-2, and the glucocorticoid receptor co-chaperone BAG-1 in control and chronically stressed male rats. TMT exposure after chronic stress resulted in a significant interaction of chronic and acute stress in all 3 hippocampus subregions on ERK activation and BCL-2 expression. Significantly, acute stress increased ERK activation, BCL-2 and BAG-1 protein expression in the dentate gyrus (DG) of CVS-treated rats compared with control, CVS-treated alone, and TMT-only animals. Furthermore, CVS significantly increased ERK activation in medial prefrontal cortex, but acute stress had no significant effect. Inhibition of corticosterone synthesis with metyrapone had no significant effect on ERK activation in the hippocampus; therefore, glucocorticoids alone do not mediate the molecular effects. Finally, because post-translational modifications of histones are believed to play an important role in the stress response, we examined changes in histone acetylation. We found that, in general, chronic stress decreased K12H4 acetylation, whereas acute stress increased acetylation. These results indicate a molecular mechanism by which chronic stress-induced HPA axis plasticity can lead to neurochemical alterations in the hippocampus that influence reactivity to subsequent stress exposure. This may represent an important site of dysfunction that contributes to stress-induced pathology such as depression, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder.

Cardiac frequency: a potential predictor of blood cortisol levels during acute and chronic stress exposure in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 2028-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Harlow ◽  
E. Tom Thorne ◽  
Elizabeth S. Williams ◽  
E. Lee Belden ◽  
William A. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Cardiac Frequency ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
In Captivity

It was the purpose of this study to investigate methods of assessing responses to stress by free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis). The adrenal response test on wild-caught bighorn sheep maintained in captivity did not demonstrate either adrenal exhaustion or hypersensitivity during chronic stress. To study physiological responses to acute stress, hand-reared bighorn sheep were habituated to living in stalls and fitted with electrocardiogram leads and jugular cannulas for remote monitoring of cardiac frequency and blood cortisol changes. A radioimmunoassay was validated on bighorn sheep plasma which was a modification of the procedure used for domestic sheep. A linear relationship between heart rate and blood cortisol was obtained for individual animals suggesting that remote monitoring of cardiac frequency can be used as a predictor of adrenal function and, therefore, the potential immunologic condition of an animal during stress.

Pengaruh Stres Kronik terhadap Otak: Kajian Biomolekuler Hormon Glukokortikoid dan Regulasi Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Pascastres di Cerebellum

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Desby Juananda ◽  
Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari ◽  
Djoko Prakosa2, ◽  
Nur Arfian ◽  
Mansyur Romi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Repetitive Stress ◽  
Central Organ ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The brain is the central organ of stress adaptation, and is also a target of stress. Chronic stress may result in abnormalchanges in brain plasticity; include dendritic retraction, neuronal toxicity, and suppression of neurogenesis andaxospinous synaptic plasticity. Repetitive stress exposure will gradually change the electrical characteristic, morphologyand proliferative capacity of neurons. Among brain region, the cerebellum is known to be severely affected by oxidativedamage associated with glucocorticoids level. It is believed due to the highest levels of glucocorticoid receptorslocalized in the external granular layer. BDNF, a member of neurotrophin family, is known to be a strong survivalpromoting factor, and plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation, neuronal protection, and the regulationof synaptic function in the central nervous system. BDNF is highly expressed in the cerebellum, mainly in granulecells. Both acute and chronic stress change BDNF expression in the brain. Although the impact of stress on BDNFlevels showed the different results, BDNF is believed to protect neurons from injuries caused by stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document