scholarly journals The Nutrition of Mycorrhiza Plants: Calluna Vulgaris

1925 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-292
Author(s):  
M. C. RAYNER
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
First Time

1. An account is given of the formation and seasonal development of mycorrhiza in Ling (Calluna vulgaris). 2. Digestion of the intracellular complex of mycelium in the mycorrhiza cells is recorded for the first time and the cytology of the process is described. 3. Knowledge of the distribution of the endophyte in the shoot tissues has been extended, and is confirmed by experimental work on cuttings struck in sterilised sand under controlled conditions. The endophyte has been recovered and identified from the shoot. 4. The results thus obtained are compared with those described by Christoph, whose observations are interpreted in the light of the account now given of the formation of "suppressed mycorrhiza" in roots of cuttings, and also in those of seedlings and mature plants when certain conditions exist in the rooting medium. 5. It is pointed out that the "obligate relation" in Calluna is associated with infection and seedling development and not with mycorrhiza formation and growth. The view is expressed that plants would probably grow quite well without mycorrhiza could seedlings be raised free from infection. In nature, the formation of mycorrhiza in all roots is the rule; the activities of the endophyte and its digestion products are presumably related to the nutrition of the plant and may be correlated with its growth in particular soils. 6. The evidence for exchange of nutritive material is stated and examined. The view has been reached that such exchange exists, with a "balance of profit" on the side of the vascular plant. 7. In view of its application to cases for which experimental data are not available, it is suggested that the term "symbiosis" as applied to mycorrhiza plants should be used in the older sense defined by de Bary.

scholarly journals On the descending connections of the visual hillock

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
V. M. Bekhterev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

At present, it seems more or less established the interruption of the fibers of the loop layer in the visual hillock. This proves the anatomical aspect of the relationship of visual hillocks to the sensitivity function, which is confirmed by both the newest pathological observations, especially Dejerine's, and experimental work. But the same cannot be said about the centrifugal connections of the visual hillock, which until now have remained little understood, despite the fact that the meaning of visual hillocks as centers of involuntary movements (mimic and movements of internal organs) was proved for the first time by me, and after that the authors in a whole series of experiments and observations. Some authors, like Probst, even deny completely on the basis of their research the existence of descending connections of the visual hillock, although it is absolutely impossible to agree already in the form of experimental data, which put outside doubt not only the sensitive, but also the motor function of the vision.

Simulation of Laminar Liquid Jets in Gaseous Crossflow Before the Onset of Primary Breakup

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-L. Ng ◽  
K. A. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Jet Breakup ◽  
Primary Breakup ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Reduced Pressures

The deformation of laminar liquid jets in gaseous crossflow before the onset of primary breakup is studied motivated by its application to fuel injection in jet afterburners and agricultural sprays, among others. Three crossflow Weber numbers that represent three different liquid jet breakup regimes; column, bag, and shear breakup regimes, were studied at large liquid/gas density ratios and small Ohnesorge numbers. In each case the liquid jet was simulated from the jet exit and ended before the location where the experimental data indicated the onset of breakup. The results show that in column and bag breakup, the reduced pressures along the sides of the jet cause the liquid to move to the sides of the jet and enhance the jet deformation. In shear breakup, the flattened upwind surface pushes the liquid towards the two sides of the jet and causing the gaseous crossflow to separate near the edges of the liquid jet thus preventing further deformation before the onset of breakup. It was also found out that in shear breakup regime, the liquid phase velocity inside the liquid jet was large enough to cause onset of ligament formation along the jet side, which was not the case in the column and bag breakup regimes. In bag breakup, downwind surface waves were observed to grow along the sides of the liquid jet triggered a complimentary experimental study that confirmed the existence of those waves for the first time.

scholarly journals The flora of Cunningham Inlet, Somerset Island, Nunavut: history, analysis, and new collections of vascular plants, mosses, lichens, and algae

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
North Coast ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
The North ◽  
National Herbarium ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Somerset Island ◽  
First Time

New collections of vascular plants, bryophytes, lichen, and algae are reported for Cunningham Inlet on the north coast of Somerset Island, Nunavut. This list of 48 species of vascular plants, 13 bryophytes, 10 lichens, and five algae includes 136 specimens collected in 2013 and 39 previously unreported specimens from the National Herbarium of Canada at the Canadian Museum of Nature (CAN), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s Vascular Plant Herbarium (DAO), and University of Alberta (ALTA). Ten vascular plants from previous collecting in 1958 are re-reported here to give a comprehensive account of the vascular plant flora of the region. Two vascular plants are recorded for the first time for Somerset Island: Smooth Draba (Draba glabella Pursh) and Edlund’s Fescue (Festuca edlundiae S. G. Aiken, Consaul & Lefkovitch).

Hibernation of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) maintained under controlled conditions

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Workman Scott ◽  
Kenneth C. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Endogenous Rhythm ◽  
Bottom Temperature ◽  
Tamias Striatus ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Eastern Chipmunks ◽  
First Time ◽  
Periodic Arousals

The hibernation pattern of captive eastern chipmunks maintained under controlled conditions of light and temperature was examined. It was consistent with the view that hibernation results from an endogenous rhythm with a periodicity of about a year, probably temperature independent.Continuous recording from nest bottom temperature sensors was tested for the first time with this species and found to be more accurate than the sawdust technique for detecting arousals. It also provided useful information about trends in body temperature.The hypothesis that a shift in the temperature at which heat-producing responses are mobilized occurs during hibernation and that it is responsible for the pattern of periodic arousals, is discussed in relation to the observations made.

Dose-window dependence on Si crystal orientation in separation by implanted oxygen substrate formation

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3607-3613 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Iikawa ◽  
M. Nakao ◽  
K. Izumi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Crystal Orientation ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

Separation by implemented oxygen (SIMOX)(111) substrates have been formed by oxygen-ion (16O+) implantation into Si(111), showing that a so-called “dose-window” at 16O+-implantation into Si differs from Si(100) to Si(111). In SIMOX(100), an oxygen dose of 4 × 1017/cm2 into Si(100) is widely recognized as the dose-window when the acceleration energy is 180 keV. For the first time, our work shows that an oxygen dose of 5 × 1017/cm2 into Si(111) is the dose-window for the formation of SIMOX(111) substrates when the acceleration energy is 180 keV. The difference between dose-windows is caused by anisotropy of the crystal orientation during growth of the faceted buried SiO2. We also numerically analyzed the data at different oxidation velocities for each facet of the polyhedral SiO2 islands. Numerical analysis results show good agreement with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Performance of Turbulence Models and Near-Wall Treatments in Discrete Jet Film Cooling Simulations

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Ferguson ◽  
Dibbon K. Walters ◽  
James H. Leylek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Viscous Sublayer ◽  
Reynolds Stress Model ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Wall Functions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Near Wall ◽  
Non Equilibrium

For the first time in the open literature, code validation quality data and a well-tested, highly reliable computational methodology are employed to isolate the true performance of seven turbulence treatments in discrete jet film cooling. The present research examines both computational and high quality experimental data for two length-to-diameter ratios of a row of streamwise injected, cylindrical film holes. These two cases are used to document the performance of the following turbulence treatments: 1) standard k-ε model with generalized wall functions; 2) standard k-ε model with non-equilibrium wall functions: 3) Renormalization Group k-ε (RNG) model with generalized wall functions; 4) RNG model with non-equilibrium wall functions: 51 standard k-ε model with two-layer turbulence wall treatment; 6) Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) with generalized wall functions; and 7) RSM with non-equilibrium wall functions. Overall, the standard k-ε turbulence model with the two-layer near-wall treatment, which resolves the viscous sublayer, produces results that are more consistent with experimental data.

In Reply: Combinations of Antibiotics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-499
Author(s):  
Robert J. Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Antimicrobial Combinations

I am delighted to have Dr. Jawetz again bring to the attention of your readers his definitive work on the subject of antimicrobial combinations. We certainly have no quarrel with the points he reiterates. Our choice of words, "It is not clear why these results are at variance with the experimental data of Jawetz or the clinical data of Lepper and Dowling," was probably unfortunate, for Dr. Jawetz points out why the results did differ from his experimental work.

scholarly journals β-γ and isomeric decay spectroscopy of 168Dy

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 02023
Author(s):  
G.X. Zhang ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
F.G. Kondev ◽  
G.J. Lane ◽  
P.H. Regan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Isomeric State ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Primary Beam ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Decay Spectroscopy

This contribution will report on the experimental work on the level structure of 168Dy. The experimental data have been taken as part of the EURICA decay spectroscopy campaign at RIBF, RIKEN in November 2014. In the experiment, a 238U primary beam is accelerated up to 345 MeV/u with an average intensity of 12 pnA. The nuclei of interest are produced by in-flight fission of 238U impinging on Be target with a thickness of 5 mm. The excited states of 168Dy have been populated through the decay from a newly identified isomeric state and via the β decay from 168Tb. In this contribution, scientific motivations, experimental procedure and some preliminary results for this study are presented.

scholarly journals Hysteresis in Muscle

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1730003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorgelina Ramos ◽  
Stephen Lynch ◽  
David Jones ◽  
Hans Degens
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Single Fibre ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time ◽  
Muscle Models ◽  
Clockwise Hysteresis

This paper presents examples of hysteresis from a broad range of scientific disciplines and demonstrates a variety of forms including clockwise, counterclockwise, butterfly, pinched and kiss-and-go, respectively. These examples include mechanical systems made up of springs and dampers which have been the main components of muscle models for nearly one hundred years. For the first time, as far as the authors are aware, hysteresis is demonstrated in single fibre muscle when subjected to both lengthening and shortening periodic contractions. The hysteresis observed in the experiments is of two forms. Without any relaxation at the end of lengthening or shortening, the hysteresis loop is a convex clockwise loop, whereas a concave clockwise hysteresis loop (labeled as kiss-and-go) is formed when the muscle is relaxed at the end of lengthening and shortening. This paper also presents a mathematical model which reproduces the hysteresis curves in the same form as the experimental data.

scholarly journals Notes on protected and threatened plants in Castilla y León (North-West Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Fermín Del Egido ◽  
Patricio Bariego ◽  
Alberto Rodríguez ◽  
María Santos Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Threatened Plants ◽  
North West ◽  
Castilla Y Leon ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
New Findings ◽  
First Time

We provide new records and notes on 25 protected and/or threatened vascular plant species in Castilla y León. Some of them illustrate not only new findings but also an interesting expansion of their geographic range. Eight taxa are reported for the first time in some provinces, while eleven of them were two or three times previously reported.

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