The flexible fly: experience-dependent development of complex behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster.

1994 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
H V Hirsch ◽  
L Tompkins
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Model System ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
The Many ◽  
Practical Implications

We demonstrate that Drosophila melanogaster provides a rich model system for studying behavioral development. Two additions to the many well-known advantages of this species are exploited here. First, as in mammals and higher vertebrates, early experience affects behavioral development of Drosophila. Second, the affected behaviors are complex and yet readily studied in the laboratory. Thus, Drosophila can be used to study the developmental mechanisms by which organisms can optimize their behavioral repertoires to enhance their chances for survival. Evidence that early experience affects female responsiveness to courting males is reviewed; in each case, experience modifies responses to behavioral targets. Our results demonstrate that developmental plasticity allows adjustment of intrinsically determined responses to visual targets so that they can take into account the actual characteristics of the developing animal's environment. Furthermore, plasticity makes it possible to introduce 'cultural' and 'social' elements into courtship and mate choice in insects. This previously unrecognized role for developmental plasticity in insects has broad theoretical and practical implications.

scholarly journals Preregistered Report: The Effects of Marking Methodology on Mate Choice in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-504
Author(s):  
Eirlys E. Tysall ◽  
Matilda Q. R. Pembury Smith ◽  
R. Tucker Gilman
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Model System ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Fluorescent Powder ◽  
Key Driver

Mate choice is an important source of sexual selection and a key driver of evolutionary processes including adaptation and speciation. Drosophila species have become an important model system for studying mate choice in the lab. Mate choice experiments often require the marking of individual flies to make those flies identifiable to experimenters, and several marking methods have been developed. All of these methods have the potential to affect mating behavior, but the effects of different marking methods have not been systematically quantified and compared. In this experiment, we quantified and compared the effects of five marking methods commonly used for Drosophila melanogaster: wing clipping, applying paint to the thorax, applying marker pen to the wing, dusting flies with fluorescent powder, and dyeing flies by allowing them to ingest food coloring. Females mated with unmarked males more often than they mated with marked males, but we could not detect significant differences among marking methods. Latency to mate differed among marking methods, and also with the time of day and the time within the trial. We discuss how our results can help researchers plan studies that require the marking of Drosophila.

Coupled-pair theories and Davidson-type corrections for quasidegenerate states: The H4 model revisited

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1919-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Paldus ◽  
Paul E. S. Wormer ◽  
Marc Benard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Correlation ◽  
Model System ◽  
Coupled Cluster ◽  
Electron Model ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
Double Zeta ◽  
Correlation Problem ◽  
Variational Approaches ◽  
Cluster Type ◽  
The Many

The performance of various variational and non-variational approaches to the many-electron correlation problem is examined for a simple four-electron model system consisting of two stretched hydrogen molecules in trapezoidal, rectangular and linear configurations, in which the degree of quasi-degeneracy can be continuously varied from a non-degenerate to an almost degenerate situation. In contrast to an earlier work (K. Jankowski and J. Paldus, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 18, 1243 (1980)) we employ a double-zeta plus polarization basis and examine both single reference and multireference configuration interaction and coupled-cluster-type approaches. The performance of various Davidson-type corrections is also investigated.

scholarly journals Genotype and Trait Specific Responses to Rapamycin Intake in Drosophila melanogaster

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Palle Duun Rohde ◽  
Asbjørn Bøcker ◽  
Caroline Amalie Bastholm Jensen ◽  
Anne Louise Bergstrøm ◽  
Morten Ib Juul Madsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Model System ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance

Rapamycin is a powerful inhibitor of the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway, which is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, that plays a central role in plants and animals. Rapamycin is used globally as an immunosuppressant and as an anti-aging medicine. Despite widespread use, treatment efficiency varies considerably across patients, and little is known about potential side effects. Here we seek to investigate the effects of rapamycin by using Drosophila melanogaster as model system. Six isogenic D. melanogaster lines were assessed for their fecundity, male longevity and male heat stress tolerance with or without rapamycin treatment. The results showed increased longevity and heat stress tolerance for male flies treated with rapamycin. Conversely, the fecundity of rapamycin-exposed individuals was lower than for flies from the non-treated group, suggesting unwanted side effects of the drug in D. melanogaster. We found strong evidence for genotype-by-treatment interactions suggesting that a ‘one size fits all’ approach when it comes to treatment with rapamycin is not recommendable. The beneficial responses to rapamycin exposure for stress tolerance and longevity are in agreement with previous findings, however, the unexpected effects on reproduction are worrying and need further investigation and question common believes that rapamycin constitutes a harmless drug.

A dose-sensitive modifier of the of Drosophila melanogaster ectopic eye

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258
Author(s):  
Sergei Kopyl ◽  
Leonid Omelyanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Sex Combs ◽  
Ectopic Eyes

AbstractEctopic eyes induced in a wing serve as a system for studying developmental plasticity in Drosophila. We used a set of chromosome deficiencies covering the second chromosome to ask whether there are dose-sensitive modifiers of the process. We identified three overlapping deletions showing the enlargement of ectopic eyes. The study of the genes localized in the region of interest suggests that the mutation in the sxc (super sex combs) gene (PcG group) is responsible for the observed phenotype.

scholarly journals Comparative approaches to the study of physiology: Drosophila as a physiological tool

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (3) ◽  
pp. R177-R188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi S. Neckameyer ◽  
Kathryn J. Argue
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Model System ◽  
Critical Questions ◽  
Developmental Signaling ◽  
Shed Light

Numerous studies have detailed the extensive conservation of developmental signaling pathways between the model system, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian models, but researchers have also profited from the unique and highly tractable genetic tools available in this system to address critical questions in physiology. In this review, we have described contributions that Drosophila researchers have made to mathematical dynamics of pattern formation, cardiac pathologies, the way in which pain circuits are integrated to elicit responses from sensation, as well as the ways in which gene expression can modulate diverse behaviors and shed light on human cognitive disorders. The broad and diverse array of contributions from Drosophila underscore its translational relevance to modeling human disease.

The many faces of suzhi in the Chinese organization and society

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Upton-McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Expatriate Managers ◽  
The Many ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to explore the Chinese concept of suzhi and how it relates to behavioral standards within mainland Chinese society and the workplace. The article provides a general discussion of suzhi and its inherent elements to act as a foundation for the education of expatriate managers and executives and for future research by Chinese human resource management (HRM) scholars. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on the author's first-hand experience and observations from five years of living and working abroad in mainland China with Chinese companies and executives. Findings – The concept of suzhi in China is a reflection of multiple behavioral standards throughout China. And while suzhi's roots are in ancient Chinese culture and Confucianism, it is also subject to influence and change. Practical implications – The paper may serve as a foundation both for expatriate managers seeking to improve HRM practices in foreign companies in China and future scholars who wish to conduct further research on suzhi and Chinese behavioral standards as they can be applied to the workplace. Originality/value – This is an attempt to enlighten expatriate managers and executives in China on the concept of suzhi and its implication for HRM in China.

scholarly journals Sex and tissue‐specific evolution of developmental plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem P. Sarikaya ◽  
Katherine Rickelton ◽  
Julie M. Cridland ◽  
Ryan Hatmaker ◽  
Hayley K. Sheehy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Tissue Specific
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