scholarly journals Alanine, proline and urea are major organic osmolytes in the snail Theodoxus fluviatilis under hyperosmotic stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. jeb193557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Wiesenthal ◽  
Christian Müller ◽  
Katrin Harder ◽  
Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Theodoxus Fluviatilis

CD9 antigen mRNA is induced by hypertonicity in two renal epithelial cell lines

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. C253-C258 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sheikh-Hamad ◽  
J. D. Ferraris ◽  
J. Dragolovich ◽  
H. G. Preuss ◽  
M. B. Burg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Cell Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Hypertonic Medium ◽  
Mrna Induction

In diverse organisms, cells adapt to hyperosmotic stress by accumulating organic osmolytes. Mammalian renal medullary cells are routinely under osmotic stress. Two renal cell lines, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and PAP-HT25, have been widely used to study mammalian osmotic regulation. In these epithelial cells, extracellular hypertonicity induces gene transcription of proteins directly involved in the metabolism and transport of organic osmolytes. This induction is relatively specific and not part of a generalized stress response. Little is known about the signal transduction pathway between cellular detection of extracellular osmolality and increased specific gene transcription. Here, using differential mRNA display polymerase chain reaction on MDCK cells in isotonic vs. hypertonic medium, we identify a cDNA product corresponding to CD9 antigen mRNA. CD9 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein originally found in cells of the immune system. Although CD9 antigen has been structurally characterized, its function is unclear. We further demonstrate that CD9 antigen mRNA is present in MDCK and PAP-HT25 cells and that its mRNA abundance is induced by extracellular hypertonicity, but not by heat stress. Also, we show that accumulation of organic osmolytes markedly attenuates the CD9 mRNA induction, as only recently demonstrated with genes involved in the hyperosmotic stress response. This suggests a role for CD9 antigen in this response.

Induction of molecular chaperones by hyperosmotic stress in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. F9-F17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Rauchman ◽  
J. Pullman ◽  
S. R. Gullans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
Affinity Column ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Inner Medullary Collecting Duct ◽  
Medullary Collecting Duct

The extreme hyperosmotic conditions that exist in the renal inner medulla enable the urinary concentrating mechanism to function. In this study, we evaluated whether stress-related molecular chaperones are induced in response to hyperosmotic stress in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD3) cells. Exposure of cells to medium supplemented with 100 mM NaCl for 4 or 24 h resulted in an increase in heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72) (inducible form) by Western blot. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the increase of HSP-72 and showed that hyperosmotic stress resulted in a localization of HSP-72 predominantly to the nucleoplasm that surrounds the nucleoli and to the cytoplasm, a subcellular distribution pattern different from that seen with heat shock. Using a denatured protein (casein)-affinity column with ATP elution, we identified a number of putative molecular chaperones (46, 60, 78, and 200 kDa) that are upregulated in response to 4 h of hyperosmotic NaCl treatment. Microsequencing identified one of these proteins to be the mitochondrial chaperone mtHSP-70, a member of HSP-70 family, and another to be similar to beta-actin. We also found high levels of HSP-72 in cells chronically adapted to hypertonicity, indicating that chaperones are still required to maintain certain cellular functions even after nonperturbing organic osmolytes are known to accumulate. These results suggest an important role for molecular chaperones in the adaptation of renal medullary epithelial cells to the hyperosmotic conditions that exist in the inner medulla in vivo.

Regeneration of Floodplain Biotopes on the Upper Rhine – The “Polder Altenheim” Case

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Siepe
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Flooding Regime ◽  
Theodoxus Fluviatilis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Early Succession ◽  
Upper Rhine

The floodplain of the Upper Rhine and its biocoenoses have, through different river-regulatory activities over the last 175 years, undergone large scale degradation. At the same time flood protection for the downstream inhabitants has been greatly reduced. For reasons of flood protection, the “Polder Altenheim” in Baden-Württemberg, Germany southwest of Strasbourg, France, with so called retention flooding, was put into operation in 1987. The original floodplain had been diked for the previous 17 years, during which no flooding occurred. Since 1989 “ecological flooding” also is carried out. This has assisted in the regeneration of floodplain biotopes and promoted the floodplain biotic communities and the readaption of the bioceonosis to a regular flooding regime. The creation of new floodplain biotopes of early succession stages, particularly through geomorphodynamic processes, has followed the more than ten flood ocassions and typical biotic communities have colonised these sites. This will be presented together with selected examples of terrestrial and limnical species and communities. The following species and communities will be discussed: kingfisher Alcedo atthis, carabid communities (Coleoptera), the red alga Hildenbrandia rivularis (Rhodophyceae), the freshwater snail Theodoxus fluviatilis (Neritacea) and the freshwater bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Hydrocorisae).

801 The genes which are induced by hyperosmotic stress in the eyes

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. S90
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Morimura ◽  
Shoichi Shimada ◽  
Ichiro Ishimoto ◽  
Yasuo Tano ◽  
Masaya Tohyama
Keyword(s):  
Hyperosmotic Stress
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