An electrophysiological characterization of ciliated olfactory receptor cells of the coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Nevitt ◽  
W. J. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
K Current ◽  
In Cells

Electrical properties of ciliated olfactory receptor cells isolated from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were studied using the whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp recording technique. 1. Voltage-dependent currents could be separated into two inward and three outward conductances, including a Na+ current, Ca2+ current and three K+ currents. 2. The components of the outward current varied with the life stage of the salmon from which cells had been isolated. In cells isolated from juvenile fish (parr), a Ca(2+)-dependent K+ current dominated the outward current, whereas in cells isolated from older fish (i.e. fish that had undergone smoltification), a transient K+ current became prominent. 3. Differences in response characteristics of outward currents to internal dialysis with cyclic GMP (but not cyclic AMP) were also correlated to the life stage of salmon. Under conditions in which the Ca(2+)-activated current was blocked, relaxation of the outward current was slowed by dialysis with cyclic GMP only in cells isolated from smolts and sea-run fish, but not in those isolated from mature spawners. 4. From these results, we suggest that hormone modulation of olfactory receptor cell development or differentiation may play a role in establishing these differences.

scholarly journals Nonselective Suppression of Voltage-gated Currents by Odorants in the Newt Olfactory Receptor Cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fusao Kawai ◽  
Takashi Kurahashi ◽  
Akimichi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Ionic Channels ◽  
Amyl Acetate ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
K Current

Effects of odorants on voltage-gated ionic channels were investigated in isolated newt olfactory receptor cells by using the whole cell version of the patch–clamp technique. Under voltage clamp, membrane depolarization to voltages between −90 mV and +40 mV from a holding potential (Vh) of −100 mV generated time- and voltage-dependent current responses; a rapidly (< 15 ms) decaying initial inward current and a late outward current. When odorants (1 mM amyl acetate, 1 mM acetophenone, and 1 mM limonene) were applied to the recorded cell, the voltage-gated currents were significantly reduced. The dose-suppression relations of amyl acetate for individual current components (Na+ current: INa, T-type Ca2+ current: ICa,T, L-type Ca2+ current: ICa,L, delayed rectifier K+ current: IKv and Ca2+-activated K+ current: IK(Ca)) could be fitted by the Hill equation. Half-blocking concentrations for each current were 0.11 mM (INa), 0.15 mM (ICa,T), 0.14 mM (ICa,L), 1.7 mM (IKv), and 0.17 mM (IK(Ca)), and Hill coefficient was 1.4 (INa), 1.0 (ICa,T), 1.1 (ICa,L), 1.0 (IKv), and 1.1 (IK(Ca)), suggesting that the inward current is affected more strongly than the outward current. The activation curve of INa was not changed significantly by amyl acetate, while the inactivation curve was shifted to negative voltages; half-activation voltages were −53 mV at control, −66 mV at 0.01 mM, and −84 mV at 0.1 mM. These phenomena are similar to the suppressive effects of local anesthetics (lidocaine and benzocaine) on INa in various preparations, suggesting that both types of suppression are caused by the same mechanism. The nonselective blockage of ionic channels observed here is consistent with the previous notion that the suppression of the transduction current by odorants is due to the direst blockage of transduction channels.

Ultrastructural aspects of olfactory signal transduction and its development

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
Bert Ph. M. Menco
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Olfactory Signal ◽  
Odor Molecule

Vertebrate olfactory receptor cells are specialized neurons that have numerous long tapering cilia. The distal parts of these cilia line the interface between the external odorous environment and the luminal surface of the olfactory epithelium. The length and number of these cilia results in a large surface area that presumably increases the chance that an odor molecule will meet a receptor cell. Advanced methods of cryoprepration and immuno-gold labeling were particularly useful to preserve the delicate ultrastructural and immunocytochemical features of olfactory cilia required for localization of molecules involved in olfactory signal-transduction. We subjected olfactory tissues to freeze-substitution in acetone (unfixed tissues) or methanol (fixed tissues) followed by low temperature embedding in Lowicryl K11M for that purpose. Tissue sections were immunoreacted with several antibodies against proteins that are presumably important in olfactory signal-transduction.

Presynaptic Afferent Inhibition of Lobster Olfactory Receptor Cells: Reduced Action-Potential Propagation Into Axon Terminals

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Wachowiak ◽  
Lawrence B. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Action Potential Propagation ◽  
Cell Axon ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Afferent Inhibition ◽  
Reduced Action

Wachowiak, Matt and Lawrence B. Cohen. Presynaptic afferent inhibition of lobster olfactory receptor cells: reduced action-potential propagation into axon terminals. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1011–1015, 1998. Action-potential propagation into the axon terminals of olfactory receptor cells was measured with the use of voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the isolated spiny lobster brain. Conditioning shocks to the olfactory nerve, known to cause long-lasting suppression of olfactory lobe neurons, allowed the selective imaging of activity in receptor cell axon terminals. In normal saline the optical signal from axon terminals evoked by a test stimulus was brief (40 ms) and small in amplitude. In the presence of low-Ca2+/high-Mg2+ saline designed to reduce synaptic transmission, the test response was unchanged in time course but increased significantly in amplitude (57 ± 16%, means ± SE). This increase suggests that propagation into receptor cell axon terminals is normally suppressed after a conditioning shock; this suppression is presumably synaptically mediated. Thus our results show that presynaptic inhibition occurs at the first synapse in the olfactory pathway and that the inhibition is mediated, at least in part, via suppression of action-potential propagation into the presynaptic terminal.

scholarly journals Transcriptional shifts during juvenile Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) life stage changes in freshwater and early marine environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Lee S. Houde ◽  
Angela D. Schulze ◽  
Karia H. Kaukinen ◽  
Jeffrey Strohm ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Marine Environments

Histamine-induced modulation of olfactory receptor neurones in two species of lobster, Panulirus argus and Homarus americanus

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Bayer ◽  
T. S. McClintock ◽  
U. Grunert ◽  
B. W. Ache
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
The One

In two species of lobster, application of the biogenic amine, histamine (HA), to the soma of olfactory receptor cells suppressed both spontaneous and odour-evoked activity, as shown by electrophysiological recording from single cells. The action of HA was graded, reversible, specific to HA, and had a threshold between 0.1 and 1 mumol l-1. HA increased the conductance of the membrane, primarily to chloride ions. The vertebrate HA receptor antagonist, cimetidine, and the nicotinic receptor antagonist, d-tubocurarine, but not other known vertebrate HA receptor antagonists, reversibly blocked the action of HA. These results suggest that a histaminergic mechanism modulates stimulus-response coupling in lobster olfactory receptor cells and potentially implicate a novel HA receptor, pharmacologically similar to the one recently described in the visual system of flies.

Disorders of the Cranial Nerves and Brainstem

2021 ◽  
pp. 851-861
Author(s):  
Kelly D. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Mitral Cell ◽  
Olfactory Cortex ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Primary Olfactory Cortex

This chapter briefly repeats key anatomic characteristics and then reviews clinical disorders affecting each cranial nerve in addition to the brainstem. More specifically, this chapter covers cranial nerves I, V, VII, and IX through XII plus the brainstem. The olfactory nerve is a special visceral afferent nerve that functions in the sense of smell. The axons of the olfactory receptor cells within the nasal cavity extend through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb. These olfactory receptor cell axons synapse with mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Mitral cell axons project to the primary olfactory cortex and amygdala. The olfactory cortex interconnects with various autonomic and visceral centers.

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