scholarly journals The metabolic costs of fighting and host exploitation in a seed-drilling parasitic wasp

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 (21) ◽  
pp. 3955-3966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain P. Boisseau ◽  
H. Arthur Woods ◽  
Marlène Goubault
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Host Exploitation

scholarly journals Limitations of Foot-Worn Sensors for Assessing Running Power

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 4952
Author(s):  
Tobias Baumgartner ◽  
Steffen Held ◽  
Stefanie Klatt ◽  
Lars Donath
Keyword(s):  
Time Use ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Ground Contact Time ◽  
Training Signal

Running power as measured by foot-worn sensors is considered to be associated with the metabolic cost of running. In this study, we show that running economy needs to be taken into account when deriving metabolic cost from accelerometer data. We administered an experiment in which 32 experienced participants (age = 28 ± 7 years, weekly running distance = 51 ± 24 km) ran at a constant speed with modified spatiotemporal gait characteristics (stride length, ground contact time, use of arms). We recorded both their metabolic costs of transportation, as well as running power, as measured by a Stryd sensor. Purposely varying the running style impacts the running economy and leads to significant differences in the metabolic cost of running (p < 0.01). At the same time, the expected rise in running power does not follow this change, and there is a significant difference in the relation between metabolic cost and power (p < 0.001). These results stand in contrast to the previously reported link between metabolic and mechanical running characteristics estimated by foot-worn sensors. This casts doubt on the feasibility of measuring running power in the field, as well as using it as a training signal.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Sex-Based Differences during the Development of the Adult Parasitic Wasp Cotesia vestalis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Yuenan Zhou ◽  
Pei Yang ◽  
Shuang Xie ◽  
Min Shi ◽  
Jianhua Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cotesia Vestalis

The endoparasitic wasp Cotesia vestalis is an important biological agent for controlling the population of Plutella xylostella, a major pest of cruciferous crops worldwide. Though the genome of C. vestalis has recently been reported, molecular mechanisms associated with sexual development have not been comprehensively studied. Here, we combined PacBio Iso-Seq and Illumina RNA-Seq to perform genome-wide profiling of pharate adult and adult development of male and female C. vestalis. Taking advantage of Iso-Seq full-length reads, we identified 14,466 novel transcripts as well as 8770 lncRNAs, with many lncRNAs showing a sex- and stage-specific expression pattern. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) analyses showed 2125 stage-specific and 326 sex-specific expressed genes. We also found that 4819 genes showed 11,856 alternative splicing events through combining the Iso-Seq and RNA-Seq data. The results of comparative analyses showed that most genes were alternatively spliced across developmental stages, and alternative splicing (AS) events were more prevalent in females than in males. Furthermore, we identified six sex-determining genes in this parasitic wasp and verified their sex-specific alternative splicing profiles. Specifically, the characterization of feminizer and doublesex splicing between male and female implies a conserved regulation mechanism of sexual development in parasitic wasps.

scholarly journals Single and Double Infections with Wolbachia in the Parasitic Wasp Nasonia vitripennis Effects on Compatibility

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 961-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Jeanne Perrot-Minnot ◽  
Li Rong Guo ◽  
John H Werren
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Larval Diapause ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reproductive Incompatibility ◽  
Infected Line

Abstract Wolbachia are cytoplasmically inherited bacteria responsible for reproductive incompatibility in a wide range of insects. There has been little exploration, however, of within species Wolbachia polymorphisms and their effects on compatibility. Here we show that some strains of the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis are infected with two distinct bacterial strains (A and B) whereas others are singly infected (A or B). Double and single infections are confirmed by both PCR amplification and Southern analysis of genomic DNA. Furthermore, it is shown that prolonged larval diapause (the overwintering stage of the wasp) of a double-infected strain can lead to stochastic loss of one or both bacterial strains. After diapause of a double-infected line, sublines were produced with AB, A only, B only or no Wolbachia. A and B sublines are bidirectionally incompatible, whereas males from AB lines are unidirectionally incompatible with females of A and B sublines. Results therefore show rapid development of bidirectional incompatibility within a species due to segregation of associated symbiotic bacteria.

Effects of Lifting in Four Restricted Work Postures

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Richard L. Unger ◽  
E. William Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Lifting Capacity ◽  
Asymmetric Lifting

The purpose of this study was to examine the lifting capacity of low-seam coal miners in four restricted work postures (roof heights of 36″, 40″, 44″, and 48″), investigate the associated metabolic costs, and to examine electromyographic (EMG) data from eight trunk muscles during the lifting procedure. Subjects were thirteen underground miners accustomed to handling materials in restricted work postures. Each subject performed two twenty-minute periods of asymmetric lifting in each of four postures during the day of testing. The frequency of lifting was 10 lifts per minute. A specially designed lifting box incorporated microswitches in one handle of the box and another in the bottom of the box, in order to examine the trunk muscle function at specific points during the lfting cycle. The data collected will be used by the Bureau of Mines to make recommendations for lifting materials in low-seam coal mines.

The effect of complete versus incomplete information on odour discrimination in a parasitic wasp

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1271-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E.M. VET ◽  
A.G. DE JONG ◽  
E. FRANCHI ◽  
D.R. PAPAJ
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Odour Discrimination
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