scholarly journals Octopamine and tyramine regulate the activity of reproductive visceral muscles in the adult female blood-feeding bug,Rhodnius prolixus

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 (10) ◽  
pp. 1830-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Hana ◽  
Angela B. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Visceral Muscles

Anti-diuresis in the blood-feeding insect Rhodnius prolixus Stål: the peptide CAP2b and cyclic GMP inhibit Malpighian tubule fluid secretion.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (17) ◽  
pp. 2363-2367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Quinlan ◽  
N J Tublitz ◽  
M J O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Tubule Fluid ◽  
Secretion Rates

Rhodnius prolixus eliminates NaCl-rich urine at high rates following its infrequent but massive blood meals. This diuresis involves stimulation of Malpighian tubule fluid secretion by diuretic hormones released in response to distention of the abdomen during feeding. The precipitous decline in urine flow that occurs several hours after feeding has been thought until now to result from a decline in diuretic hormone release. We suggest here that insect cardioacceleratory peptide 2b (CAP2b) and cyclic GMP are part of a novel mechanism of anti-diuresis. Secretion rates of 5-hydroxytryptamine-stimulated Malpighian tubules are reduced by low doses of CAP2b or cyclic GMP. Maximal secretion rates are restored by exposing tubules to 1 mmol l-1 cyclic AMP. Levels of cyclic GMP in isolated tubules increase in response to CAP2b, consistent with a role for cyclic GMP as an intracellular second messenger. Levels of cyclic GMP in tubules also increase as urine output rates decline in vivo, suggesting a physiological role for this nucleotide in the termination of diuresis.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of The Poultry Red Mite, Dermanyssus Gallinae, Across All Stages of The Lifecycle.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Bartley ◽  
Wan Chen ◽  
Richard Lloyd Mills ◽  
Francesca Nunn ◽  
Daniel Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Temporal Gene Expression

Abstract Background: The blood feeding poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, causes substantial economic damage to the egg laying industry worldwide, and is serious welfare concern for laying hens and poultry house workers. In this study we have investigated the temporal gene expression across the 6 stages/sexes (egg, larvae, protonymph and deutonymph, adult male and adult female) of this neglected parasite in order to understand the temporal expression associated with development, parasitic lifestyle, reproduction and allergen expression. Results: RNA-seq transcript data for the 6 stages was mapped to the PRM genome creating a publicly available gene expression atlas (on the OrcAE platform in conjunction with the PRM genome). Network analysis and clustering of stage-enriched gene expression in PRM resulted in 17 superclusters with stage-specific or multi-stage expression profiles. The 6 stage specific superclusters were clearly demarked from each other and the adult female supercluster contained the most stage specific transcripts (2,725), whilst the protonymph supercluster the fewest (165). Fifteen pairwise comparisons performed between the different stages resulting in a total of 6025 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) (P>0.99). These data were evaluated alongside a Venn/Euler analysis of the top 100 most abundant genes in each stage. An expanded set of cuticle proteins and enzymes (chitinase and metallacarboxypeptidases) were identified in larvae and underpin cuticle formation and ecdysis to the protonymph stage. Two mucin/peritrophic-A salivary proteins (DEGAL6771g00070, DEGAL6824g00220) were highly expressed in the blood-feeding stages, indicating peritrophic membrane formation during feeding. Reproduction-associated vitellogenins were the most abundant transcripts in adult females, whilst in adult males, an expanded set of serine and cysteine proteinases and an epididymal protein (DEGAL6668g00010) were highly abundant. Assessment of the expression patterns of putative homologues of 32 allergen groups described for the house dust mites indicated a bias in expression towards the non-feeding larval stage.Conclusions: This study is the first evaluation of temporal gene expression across all stages of PRM and has provided insight into developmental, feeding, reproduction and survival strategies employed by this mite. The publicly available PRM resource on OrcAE offers an invaluable tool for researchers investigating the biology and novel interventions of this parasite.

scholarly journals Changes in antennal gene expression underlying sensory system maturation in Rhodnius prolixus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Latorre Estivalis ◽  
Ewald Grosse-Wilde ◽  
Gabriel R Fernandes ◽  
Bill S Hansson ◽  
Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Host Cues

Background Triatomine bugs are the blood feeding insect vectors transmitting Chagas disease to humans, a neglected tropical disease that affects over 8 million people, mainly in Latin America. The behavioral responses to host cues and bug signals in Rhodnius prolixus are state dependent, i.e., they vary as a function of post-ecdysis age. At the molecular level, these changes in behavior are probably due to a modulation of peripheral and central processes. In the present study, we report a significant modulation of the expression of a large set of sensory-related genes. Results were generated by means of antennal transcriptomes of 5th instar larvae along the first week (days 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8) after ecdysis sequenced using the Illumina platform. Results Age induced significant changes in transcript abundance were established in more than 6,120 genes (54,7 % of 11,186 genes expressed) in the R. prolixus antenna. This was especially true between the first two days after ecdysis when more than 2,500 genes had their expression significantly altered. In contrast, expression profiles were almost identical between day 6 and 8, with only a few genes showing significant modulation of their expression. A total of 86 sensory receptors, odorant carriers and odorant degrading enzymes were significantly modulated across age points and clustered into three distinct expression profiles. Conclusions The set of sensory genes whose expression increased with age (profile 3) may include candidates underlying the increased responsiveness to host cues shown by R. prolixus during the first days after molting. For the first time, we describe the maturation process undergone at the molecular level by the peripheral sensory system is described in an hemimetabolous insect.

Ultrastructural changes in posterior midgut cells associated with blood feeding in adult female Rhodnius prolixus Stal (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2574-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Billingsley ◽  
A. E. R. Downe
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Posterior Midgut

Modifications of posterior midgut cells of Rhodnius prolixus following a meal of rabbit blood are described. Prominent stacks and whorls of rough endoplasmic reticulum become redistributed following a blood meal but later reform during the postfeeding period. Lysosomes undergo internal structural changes and apparent fluctuations in their number per cell as a result of blood meal ingestion. Before blood feeding, the apical surface of the midgut cells show a typical arrangement of a plasma membrane covered on the lumenal surface by a glycocalyx. After a blood meal, a more complex organisation appears, consisting of two plasma membranes separated by an electron-dense matrix. The lumenal apical membrane proliferates during the digestion period to form loosely organised extracellular membrane layers which may function as a peritrophic membrane. Changes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes and modifications to the apical cell surface appear to coincide with previously described proteinase activity cycles in the posterior midgut of R. prolixus. The implications of these results are discussed and are compared with similar ultrastructural events from haematophagous Diptera.

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