THE EFFECT OF VARYING WATER pH ON THE ACIDIFICATION OF EXPIRED WATER IN RAINBOW TROUT

1990 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG LIN ◽  
D. J. RANDALL
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ion Formation ◽  
Water Ph

Acidification of expired water was studied in rainbow trout exposed to water of pH9.91, 6.80 (control) and 3.88. For the high-pH and the control exposures, the water flowing over the gills was acidified because of the dominant effect of CO2 hydration. During the low-pH treatment, the water was alkalized because of ammonium ion formation and perhaps bicarbonate dehydration. Carbon dioxide excretion was not significantly affected by the high-pH and low-pH treatments but ammonia accumulated in the plasma in both cases.

scholarly journals Effects of water pH on susceptibility of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease Vibrio parahaemolyticus

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Tuan V. Vo
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Cumulative Mortality ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease

Effect of water pH on susceptibility of whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei to acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus was carried out in laboratory condition. White leg shrimp (2 - 3 g) were challenged by immersion for 2 h with tryptic soy broth (TSB)-grown Vibrio parahaemolyticus at 10 times lower dose of LD50. The results showed that the cumulative mortality of V. parahaemolyticus-immersed shrimp after 240 h was increased from low to high pH water levels (23.3 ± 5.8% in pH 6.3; 30.0 ± 20.0% in pH 7.3; 86.7 ± 15.3 in pH 9.3, respectively). The cumulative mortality of shrimp that held in pH = 8.3 was the lowest (20.0 ± 0.0%). In another experiment, immune parameters such as total haemocytes count and respiratory burst of Litopenaeus vannamei held at different pH levels were examined at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The results indicated that no significant difference of total haemocytes count was observed at different pH water levels (pH 6.3, 7.3, 8.3, 9.3) at 0 - 72 hpc (hour post challenge). At 96 hpc, total haemocytes count at high pH water level (9.3) was increased and significant difference in comparison with the total haemocytes count recorded in low pH water levels (6.3, 7.3, 8.3). Respiratory burst was also not different at different pH water levels at 0 hpc. However, respiratory burst of shrimp that held at low pH water levels (pH 6.3 and 7.3) was rapidly reduced and significant difference in compared with the shrimp that held in high pH water levels (pH 8.3 and 9.3). It was therefore concluded that low and high pH stress decrease the resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei against V. parahaemolyticus and decrease several parameters of the immune response.

Influence of acidic to basic water pH and natural organic matter on aluminum accumulation by gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2303-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna R Winter ◽  
Joel W Nichols ◽  
Richard C Playle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Aluminum Accumulation

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (∼0.6 g) were exposed to 3 µmol Al·L–1 in ion-poor water adjusted to pH 4–10 in the absence or presence of natural organic matter (NOM). Aluminum accumulation by trout gills was highest at pH 6–8, there was moderate Al accumulation by trout gills at pH 5 and 9, and trout at pH 4 and 10 did not accumulate any Al on their gills. NOM at 5 mg C·L–1 eliminated Al accumulation by trout gills at all water pHs. These results are explained by NOM complexing Al and keeping Al in solution but off the gills, by H+ competition with Al3+ at low pH, by poor binding of the Al(OH)4– anion to negatively charged gills at high pH, and by polymerization and precipitation of Al onto the gills at intermediate water pH, especially if water pH in the gill micro environment is considered. Increased fish mortality at pH 10 in the presence of NOM is explained by the indirect effect of NOM tying up the limited amount of Ca in the ion-poor water.

Expression patterns of two carbonic anhydrase genes, Na+/K+-ATPase and V-type H+-ATPase, in the freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, exposed to low pH and high pH

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousuf Ali ◽  
Ana Pavasovic ◽  
Peter B. Mather ◽  
Peter J. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Internal Ph ◽  
Ph Conditions

Carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (HAT) play vital roles in osmoregulation and pH balance in decapod crustaceans. As variable pH levels have a significant impact on the physiology of crustaceans, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which an animal maintains its internal pH. We examined expression patterns of cytoplasmic (CAc) and membrane-associated form (CAg) of CA, NKA α subunit and HAT subunit a in gills of freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, at three pH levels – 6.2, 7.2 (control) and 8.2 – over 24 h. Expression levels of CAc were significantly increased at low pH and decreased at high pH conditions 24 h after transfer. Expression increased at low pH after 12 h, and reached its maximum level by 24 h. CAg showed a significant increase in expression at 6 h after transfer at low pH. Expression of NKA significantly increased at 6 h after transfer to pH 6.2 and remained elevated for up to 24 h. Expression for HAT and NKA showed similar patterns, where expression significantly increased 6 h after transfer to low pH and remained significantly elevated throughout the experiment. Overall, CAc, CAg, NKA and HAT gene expression is induced at low pH conditions in freshwater crayfish.

A method for estimation of urea using ammonia electrode and its applicability to milk samples

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
Yudhishthir S Rajput ◽  
Sumandeep Kaur ◽  
Sudhir K Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Electrode Response ◽  
Urease Enzyme ◽  
Ammonia Electrode

A method for the estimation of urea in milk using ammonia electrode is described. Urea is first degraded by urease enzyme into ammonium ion and carbon dioxide at neutral pH. The ammonium ion is then converted into ammonia at alkaline pH. A linear inverse relationship was observed between logarithmic concentration of ammonia or urea and electrode response. Repeatability, expressed as a coefficient of variation, was 1·77% at a level of 8·92 mm-urea in milk. The method was validated in milk samples spiked with between 2×10−3 and 10×10−3 m-urea and recovery of added urea was quantitative. Whereas, preservative sodium azide at 0·5 g/l or 2 g/l level did not affect results, lower values of urea concentration in presence of Bronopol at 0·5 g/l were observed. Urea levels in milk samples estimated by this method were comparable to standard enzymatic method. The method is simple, fast and is not prone to interference from other milk constituents.

The resting membrane potential of white muscle from brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to copper in soft, acidic water

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (14) ◽  
pp. 2229-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Beaumont ◽  
E.W. Taylor ◽  
P.J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Previously, the distribution of ammonia between the intracellular and extracellular compartments has been used to predict a significant depolarisation of the resting membrane potential (E(M)) of white muscle from brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to a sub-lethal combination of copper and low pH. However, this prediction is based upon two assumptions (i) a relatively high membrane permeability for the ammonium ion with respect to that for ammonia gas and (ii) that this is unaltered by exposure to copper and low pH. Since there is conflicting evidence in the literature of the validity of these assumptions, in the present study E(M) was directly measured in white muscle fibres of trout exposed to copper and low pH (E(M)=−52.2+/−4.9 mV) and compared with that of unexposed, control animals (E(M)=−86.5+/−2.9 mV) (means +/− s.e.m., N=6). In confirming the predicted depolarisation, these data support the hypothesis of electrophysiological impairment as a factor in the reduction in the swimming performance of trout exposed to these pollutants. In addition, the results of this study support the role of a significant permeability of the muscle membrane to NH(4)(+) in determining the distribution of ammonia in fish.

scholarly journals Extension the Shelf-Life of Fresh Golden Rainbow Trout via Ultra-Fast Air or Cryogenic Carbon Dioxide Super Chilling

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dimche Kitanovski ◽  
Dessislava Borislavova Vlahova Vangelova ◽  
Stefan Georgiev Dragoev ◽  
Hristo Nikolov Nikolov ◽  
Dessislav Kostadinov Balev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Shelf Life

scholarly journals A method for the preparation of low-pH dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gradient gels

1981 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
G D Jones ◽  
M T Wilson ◽  
V M Darley-Usmar
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Gel System

1. A low-pH lithium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gradient slab-gel system, suitable for electrophoresis, is described, and the migration properties of standard proteins are compared on this and conventional high-pH gels. 2. Cytochrome oxidase may be partially resolved into its component polypeptides. The order of migration of these is, however, dependent on the pH of the gel system.

Enhanced performance of air-cathode two-chamber microbial fuel cells with high-pH anode and low-pH cathode

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 3514-3519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhuang ◽  
Shungui Zhou ◽  
Yongtao Li ◽  
Yong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Air Cathode ◽  
High Ph
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