scholarly journals Modulation of Haemocyanin Oxygen-Affinity by L-Lactate and Urate in the Prawn Penaeus Japonicus

1989 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. LALLIER ◽  
J. P. TRUCHOT
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Penaeus Japonicus ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Hypoxia Acclimation

The addition of either L-lactate or urate to dialysed haemolymph from the prawn Penaeus japonicus (Bate) increased the in vitro haemocyanin oxygenaffinity. The quantitative values of these two effects, expressed as ΔlogP50/Δlog[effector], were found to be −0.077 for L-lactate and −0.032 for urate, at pH7.6 and 25°C. The normal, significant Bohr effect (ΔlogP50/ΔpH approx. −1.5 at pH7.6, 25°C) was not modified by the two effectors tested, nor was the cooperativity of haemocyanin oxygen-binding (n50 approx. 4). Hypoxic exposure of the prawns to PwOO2: =6.3 or 4.4 kPa (1 kPa=7.5 mmHg) for up to 48 h at 25°C induced only a small, less than 2.5-fold, elevation of L-lactate concentration in the haemolymph, all values remaining below 0.5 mmol I−1, but urate concentration increased to a greater extent (12-fold maximum increase from 0.01 to 0.12 mmol I−1). Haemocyanin oxygen-affinity, measured in vitro on haemolymph samples drawn from hypoxic prawns, increased slightly during the first 3h of hypoxia acclimation (ΔP50=0.8-0.9 kPa at pH 7.6), returning to near normoxic control values after a 48 h hypoxic exposure. The respective roles of L-lactate and urate in enhancing oxygen transport during hypoxia are discussed on the basis of their in vitro effects on haemocyanin oxygenaffinity and their in vivo concentration variations in haemolymph.

Effect of Maintained Hypoxic Exposure on the Crayfish Orconectes Rusticus: II. Modulation of Haemocyanin Oxygen Affinity

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
P.R. H. WILKES ◽  
B. R. McMAHON
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Hypoxic Exposure ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Oxygen Carrying Capacity

Haemolymph Na+, Cl−, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+ and protein levels, in vivo postbranchial acid-base status (total CO2, pH and PCOCO2), in vitro haemolymph buffer value, Bohr value and oxygen affinity were measured before and after a 3½-week period in which control crayfish were maintained at normoxia and experimental crayfish were maintained at an ambient oxygen tension of 50-55 torr. Analysis of haemolymph Cu2+ and protein levels in control and experimental crayfish indicated no increase in haemocyanin and therefore oxygen carrying capacity of the haemolymph. Although the Bohr value was not significantly different between control and experimental crayfish, the haemocyanin oxygen affinity was elevated in the hypoxic crayfish by two mechanisms. The first was dependent upon the haemolymph H+ concentration, i.e. a Bohr shift resulting from a respiratory alkalosis. The second mechanism was independent of haemolymph H+ concentration in that at a given pH haemolymph from experimental crayfish had a significantly higher oxygen affinity. The decrease in p50 probably cannot be attributed to a specific cation effect.

Oxygen binding by single red blood cells from the red-eared turtle Trachemys scripta

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 1679-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Frische ◽  
Stefano Bruno ◽  
Angela Fago ◽  
Roy E. Weber ◽  
Andrea Mozzarelli
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Trachemys Scripta ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Cell Variation ◽  
Insight Into

Oxygen-binding properties of single red blood cells from the red-eared turtle Trachemys scripta were measured by microspectrophotometry to describe the variation in oxygen affinity of red blood cells and to gain insight into the distribution of functionally different hemoglobins among red blood cells. Methodologically, this study represents the first report on the cell-to-cell variation in oxygen-binding properties based on oxygen-binding curves of single vertebrate red blood cells. The cells differed significantly with respect to oxygen affinity. Mean oxygen pressure at half saturation of the cells in a blood sample was found to be 20.1 ± 3.3 (SD) Torr. The distribution of oxygen affinities among red blood cells is unimodal, indicating that the two hemoglobins found in turtle blood are not segregated in distinct cells. Therefore, the functional interaction shown by these hemoglobins in vitro is likely to take place in vivo. The considerable variation in oxygen affinity between individual red blood cells calls for its incorporation in models of tissue oxygenation.

Anti-obesity role of Aster glehni extract: in vivo and in vitro effects

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Lee ◽  
TG Ahn ◽  
CW Kim ◽  
HJ An
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Effects

Comparison of Specific Antibody, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl and Aprotinin for Prevention of In Vitro Effects of Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator on Haemostasis Parameters

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Seifried ◽  
P Tanswell
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

SummaryIn vitro, concentration-dependent effects of rt-PA on a range of coagulation and fibrinolytic assays in thawed plasma samples were investigated. In absence of a fibrinolytic inhibitor, 2 μg rt-PA/ml blood (3.4 μg/ml plasma) caused prolongation of clotting time assays and decreases of plasminogen (to 44% of the control value), fibrinogen (to 27%), α2-antiplasmin (to 5%), FV (to 67%), FVIII (to 41%) and FXIII (to 16%).Of three inhibitors tested, a specific polyclonal anti-rt-PA antibody prevented interferences in all fibrinolytic and most clotting assays. D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl (PPACK) enabled correct assays of fibrinogen and fibrinolytic parameters but interfered with coagulometric assays dependent on endogenous thrombin generation. Aprotinin was suitable only for a restricted range of both assay types.Most in vitro effects were observed only with rt-PA plasma concentrations in excess of therapeutic values. Nevertheless it is concluded that for clinical application, collection of blood samples on either specific antibody or PPACK is essential for a correct assessment of in vivo effects of rt-PA on the haemostatic system in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of Sulforaphane on Interferon-Driven Inflammation and Exploratory Evaluation in Two Healthy Volunteers

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3602
Author(s):  
Elena Genova ◽  
Maura Apollonio ◽  
Giuliana Decorti ◽  
Alessandra Tesser ◽  
Alberto Tommasini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type I ◽  
Interferon Signature ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Interferonopathies are rare genetic conditions defined by systemic inflammatory episodes caused by innate immune system activation in the absence of pathogens. Currently, no targeted drugs are authorized for clinical use in these diseases. In this work, we studied the contribution of sulforaphane (SFN), a cruciferous-derived bioactive molecule, in the modulation of interferon-driven inflammation in an immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) line and in two healthy volunteers, focusing on STING, a key-component player in interferon pathway, interferon signature modulation, and GSTM1 expression and genotype, which contributes to SFN metabolism and excretion. In vitro, SFN exposure reduced STING expression as well as interferon signature in the presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus cGAMP (cGAMP 3 h vs. SFN+cGAMP 3 h p value < 0.0001; cGAMP 6 h vs. SFN+cGAMP 6 h p < 0.001, one way ANOVA), restoring STING expression to the level of unstimulated cells. In preliminary experiments on healthy volunteers, no appreciable variations in interferon signature were identified after SFN assumption, while only in one of them, presenting the GSTM1 wild type genotype related to reduced SFN excretion, could a downregulation of STING be recorded. This study confirmed that SFN inhibits STING-mediated inflammation and interferon-stimulated genes expression in vitro. However, only a trend towards the downregulation of STING could be reproduced in vivo. Results obtained have to be confirmed in a larger group of healthy individuals and in patients with type I interferonopathies to define if the assumption of SFN could be useful as supportive therapy.

A Detailed Examination of the in vivo and in vitro Effects of ACTH on Gonadotropin Secretion in the Adult Rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Mann ◽  
Diane Evans ◽  
Festus Edoimioya ◽  
Freja Kamel ◽  
George M. Butterstein
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
In Vitro Effects

scholarly journals Contamination of erythropoietin by endotoxin: in vivo and in vitro effects on murine erythropoiesis

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Zuckerman ◽  
PJ Quesenberry ◽  
J Levin ◽  
R Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Erythropoietic Activity ◽  
Limulus Amebocyte Lysate ◽  
Endogenous Erythropoietin ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Endotoxin was detected in all erythropoietin preparations tested and was removed from four lots, without loss of erythropoietic activity, by adsorption with limulus amebocyte lysate. Comparison of adsorbed (endotoxin-depleted) and nonadsorbed (endotoxin-containing) erythropoietin preparations demonstrated significant inhibition of CFU- e and BFU-e in vitro by nonadsorbed erythropoietin at concentrations higher than 0.25 U/ml and 2.0 U/ml, respectively. CFU-e and BFU-e were inhibited significantly by readdition in vitro of 10(-5)-10(-3) mug of endotoxin per unit of limulus-adsorbed erythropoietin. Administration of saline or 6 U of nonadsorbed or adsorbed erythropoietin twice a day for 4 days of CF1 mice resulted in reticulocyte counts of 2.1%, 9.9%, and 15.9%, respectively. Nonadsorbed erythropoietin resulted in a 29% decrease in erythropoiesis, a 42% decrease in CFU-e, and a 16% increase in granulopoiesis in the marrow, whereas adsorbed erythropoietin caused a 28% increase in erythropoiesis, no significant change in CFU-e and a 19% decrease in granulopoiesis in the marrow. Both preparations resulted in marked increases in splenic erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis. The effects of adsorbed erythropoietin are similar to those produced following stimulation of hematopoiesis by endogenous erythropoietin. Hemopoietic changes induced by nonadsorbed erythropoietin in vivo and in vitro are affected substantially by contamination of the erythropoietin preparations with endotoxin.

In vivo and in vitro effects of 3-methylcholanthrene on the microsome-mediated in vitro mutagenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Batardy-Gregoire ◽  
C. Razzouk ◽  
E. Agazzi-Leonard ◽  
M. Mercier ◽  
F. Poncelet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Effects
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