scholarly journals Relationship of Wing Beat Frequency and Temperature During Take-Off Flight in Temperate-Zone Beetles

1989 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. OERTLI
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Thoracic Temperature ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Q10 Values

In 24 species of temperate-zone beetles thoracic temperatures (Tth), and wing beat frequency (n) were measured over a range of ambient temperatures (Ta) during take-off flight. The sensitivity of wing beat frequency to thoracic temperature varied greatly in different species: Q10 values ranged from 0.8 to 1.3. The wing beat frequency of beetles with higher average n was more sensitive to thoracic temperature. It is suggested that the temperature sensitivity of wing beat frequency results from temperature-dependent changes in the resonant properties of the beetle flight system rather than from changes in the temperature sensitivity of the muscle or nervous system. There was large variability in thermoregulatory precision. Beetles with higher n tended to thermoregulate more precisely than beetles with lower n. Measurements of thoracic temperature before and after flight indicated endothermic heat production during pre-flight activity, but not during the brief take-off flights.

Temperature Regulation of the Sphinx Moth, Manduca Sexta

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERND HEINRICH
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

1. The sphinx moth, Manduca sexta, maintained an average thoracic temperature of 40-42 °C during free flight in ambient temperatures (TA) of about 16-33 °C. In the extremes, the excess of thoracic temperature TTh over TA varied from a mean of 25 °C at 12.5 °C, to a mean of 8 °C at a TA of 35 °C. 2. During tethered flight TTh increased directly with TA, and the excess of TTh over TA varied from about 11-4 °C. 3. The oxygen consumption was about 45-50 C.C. O2/g h during free flight from ambient temperatures of 15-30 °C. During captive flight the oxygen consumption was about 21 c.c. O2/g h. 4. The wing-beat frequency and amplitude during both free flight and captive flight did not vary significantly with TA. The wing-beat frequency was about the same during free flight and captive flight but the wing-beat amplitude was significantly less in the latter. 5. The moths showed little variation of flight speed with respect to TA on the flight mill. The difference between TTh and TA was strongly correlated with flight speed at low, but not at high, TA. 6. The cooling rate of dead moths was only slightly correlated with air speeds from 2 to 5 m/s. 7. The cooling rate of thoraces without scales was 2.4 times as great as with scales intact at an air flow 2 m/s, but the cooling rate of the abdomen was only slightly increased after the removal of its scales. 8. The data suggest that the rate of metabolism during flight is altered with regard to the flight effort, but not with regard to temperature-regulation. Heat is actively dissipated from the thorax during flight at high TA, or during fast flight when TTh reaches 40 °C or above.

Thermoregulation in Small Flies (Syrphus Sp.): Basking and Shivering

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-610
Author(s):  
BERND HEINRICH ◽  
CURT PANTLE
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Vibration Frequencies ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Hovering Flight ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thoracic Temperature ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Vibration Rate

1. Flies of the genus Syrphus aggregated at specific sites in the field (‘lecks’). Flies at leeks were always capable of ‘instant’ take-of, even at ambient temperatures of 10 °C or less. 2. The flies regulated their thoracic temperature by a combination of basking and shivering. During hovering flight in sunshine thoracic temperature rose 12–14 °C above the ambient temperature. 3. The flies engaged in frequent brief chases while at the lecks. 4. At an air temperature > 18 °C the flies at the leck remained in hovering flight most of the time. 5. The vibration frequencies of the thorax during shivering and flight ranged from about 100 to 200 Hz at 10–27 °C, though at a given temperature and spike frequency the vibration rate during warm-up was higher than the wing-beat frequency (assumed to be the same as thoracic vibration frequency) during flight. 6. During shivering, but not in flight, there is a tendency for the indirect flight muscles to be activated in synchrony.

scholarly journals Temperature Dependency of Wing-Beat Frequency in Intact and Deafferented Locusts

1992 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-312
Author(s):  
JANE A. FOSTER ◽  
R. MELDRUM ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Thoracic Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Made In

Locusts do not regulate thoracic temperature during flight and as a result the thoracic temperature of a flying locust generally exceeds ambient temperature by 5–8 °C. Elevated thoracic temperatures were shown to affect wing-beat frequency in intact and deafferented Locusta migratoria. Tethered locusts were flown in a wind tunnel. Temperature was elevated by increasing the ambient temperature of the apparatus and by exposing flying animals to heat pulses. Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made in deafferented locusts perfused with salines at different temperatures. Wing-beat frequency was shown to vary with thoracic temperature in both the intact and the deafferented situation. The slope of the rise in wing-beat frequency with experimental increases in thoracic temperature was similar in intact and deafferented animals. These experiments demonstrate an effect of temperature on the central flight circuitry. Further intracellular investigationsare needed to determine the neural basis of these effects.

Changes in the wing-beat frequency of bees and wasps depending on environmental conditions: a study with optical sensors

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio R. S. Parmezan ◽  
Vinicius M. A. Souza ◽  
Indrė Žliobaitė ◽  
Gustavo E. A. P. A. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

scholarly journals Evolution of the wave: aerodynamic and aposematic functions of butterfly wing motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 274 (1612) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B Srygley
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Motion Cues ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Motion ◽  
Heliconius Cydno

Many unpalatable butterfly species use coloration to signal their distastefulness to birds, but motion cues may also be crucial to ward off predatory attacks. In previous research, captive passion-vine butterflies Heliconius mimetic in colour pattern were also mimetic in motion. Here, I investigate whether wing motion changes with the flight demands of different behaviours. If birds select for wing motion as a warning signal, aposematic butterflies should maintain wing motion independently of behavioural context. Members of one mimicry group ( Heliconius cydno and Heliconius sapho ) beat their wings more slowly and their wing strokes were more asymmetric than their sister-species ( Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius erato , respectively), which were members of another mimicry group having a quick and steady wing motion. Within mimicry groups, wing beat frequency declined as its role in generating lift also declined in different behavioural contexts. In contrast, asymmetry of the stroke was not associated with wing beat frequency or behavioural context—strong indication that birds process and store the Fourier motion energy of butterfly wings. Although direct evidence that birds respond to subtle differences in butterfly wing motion is lacking, birds appear to generalize a motion pattern as much as they encounter members of a mimicry group in different behavioural contexts.

Automated electronic approaches for detecting disease vectors mosquitoes through the wing-beat frequency

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 767-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A.A. Santos ◽  
Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues ◽  
Vasco Furtado ◽  
Kashif Saleem ◽  
Valery Korotaev
Keyword(s):  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

scholarly journals Insect wing-beat frequency automatic extraction and experimental verification with a Ku-band insect radar system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (21) ◽  
pp. 7973-7976
Author(s):  
Tianran Zhang ◽  
XiangRong Liu ◽  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Changjiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Insect Wing ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Ku Band

2A2-B04 Toward a Hovering Robot with Wings : Wing Beat Frequency and Electric Power Necessary for Float

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (0) ◽  
pp. _2A2-B04_1-_2A2-B04_2
Author(s):  
Koji SHIBUYA ◽  
Kei HASEGAWA ◽  
Ryu YONEDA ◽  
Yoichi SHIOMI ◽  
Tetsuya TSUJIKAMI
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency

scholarly journals Frequency of Maximal Power Output at in vivo Myofilament Lattice Spacing Matches Drosophila Wing Beat Frequency

2011 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 12a
Author(s):  
Bertrand C.W. Tanner ◽  
Gerrie P. Farman ◽  
Thomas C. Irving ◽  
David W. Maughan ◽  
Mark S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Lattice Spacing ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Maximal Power Output ◽  
Wing Beat Frequency ◽  
Drosophila Wing
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