The Distribution of Ammonia and H+ Between Tissue Compartments in Lemon Sole (Parophrys Vetulus) at Rest, During Hypercapnia and Following Exercise

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. WRIGHT ◽  
D. J. RANDALL ◽  
C. M. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Tissue Compartments ◽  
Parophrys Vetulus ◽  
Red Cell Ph

The distribution of ammonia and [14C]DMO was compared in white muscle, heart, brain, red cells and plasma of lemon sole (Parophrys vetulus Girard) at rest, during hypercapnia and following strenuous exercise. In red cells at rest, measured intracellular ammonia levels were equal to those predicted by the plasma to red cell pH gradient. Red cells are unusual in that hydrogen ions are passively distributed according to membrane potential (EM), whereas in other tissues this is not the case. In white muscle, heart and brain under all experimental conditions, intracellular ammonia levels far exceed those predicted by transmembrane pH gradients. Calculated ENHNH4+ values in these tissues are very close to published resting values of EM. We conclude that, in lemon sole, NH4+ permeates cell membranes and that intracellular ammonia stores are not determined by transmembrane pH gradients.

Lanthanum in Human Red Cell

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 280-281
Author(s):  
Ezzatollah Keyhani ◽  
Eva Bland
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sialic Acid Content ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Human Red Cells

The human red cell contains four major glycoproteins : sialoglycoprotein or PAS 1; Band III; PAS 2 and PAS 3. With the exception of Band III, all other glycoproteins contain high levels of sialic acid. In addition, human red cells contain glycolipids which have been estimated to be less than 5% of the total lipids. Lanthanum has been used as tracer of extracellular space and as a probe for studies of Ca++ metabolism across various types of cellular membrane. Biochemical studies led to the conclusion that lanthanum inhibition of Ca++ metabolism was related to the sialic acid content of the cell membrane. The purpose of this communication is to describe the ultrastructural localization of lanthanum in human red cells under various experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Red Cell Stroma in Dogs

Blood ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. TISHKOFF ◽  
F. S. ROBSCHEIT-ROBBINS ◽  
G. H. WHIPPLE
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Dog Erythrocyte

Abstract Red cell stroma has not been prepared free of iron and/or hemoglobin. It is not certain whether the iron is a contaminant or an essential constituent of the stroma. Extensive washing does not eliminate iron from the stroma but does cause loss of the stroma constituents, protein and lipid. Red cell stroma protein is increased in anemia due to blood loss in the dog, on the average in severe anemia, almost twice the figures recorded in the pooled normal samples of red cell stroma. Lipid fractions under the same conditions show minor fluctuations: approximately 90 per cent of total lipids in the red cells are recovered in the stroma by these methods. The technic for isolation and fractionation of dog erythrocyte stroma is described. Analyses made from the same blood sample by 3 different workers give comparable results. Red cell stroma deserves careful study in controlled experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Studies on the Active Transport of Calcium in Human Red Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Soo Lee ◽  
Bak Chang Shin
Keyword(s):  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
Ca Transport ◽  
High Concentrations

The Ca++ transport mechanism in the red cell membrane was studied in resealed ghost cells. It was found that the red cell membrane can transport Ca++ from inside the cell into the medium against great concentration gradient ratios. Tracing the movement of 45Ca infused inside red cells indicated that over 95% of all Ca++ in the cells was transported into media in 20 min incubation under the optimum experimental conditions. The influence of temperature on the rate constant of transport indicated an activation energy of 13,500 cal per mole. The optimum pH range of media for the transport was between 7.5 and 8.5. As energy sources, ATP1, CTP, and UTP were about equally effective, GTP somewhat less effective, and ITP least effective among the nucleotides tested. The Ca++ transport does not appear to involve exchange of Ca++ with any monovalent or divalent cations. Also, it is not influenced by oligomycin, sodium azide, or ouabain in high concentrations, which inhibit the Ca++ transport in mitochondria or in sarcoplasmic reticulum. In these respects, the Ca++ transport mechanism in the red cell membrane is different from those of mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

LACK OF EFFECT OF CORTICOSTEROIDS ON THE IN VIVO DISAPPEARANCE OF SULFHYDRYL-INHIBITED AND ANTIBODY-COATED ERYTHROCYTES

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S28-S36
Author(s):  
Kailash N. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
List Type ◽  
Red Cell

ABSTRACT Red cells were incubated in vitro with sulfhydryl inhibitors and Rhantibody with and without prior incubation with prednisolone-hemisuccinate. These erythrocytes were labelled with Cr51 and P32 and their disappearance in vivo after autotransfusion was measured. Prior incubation with prednisolone-hemisuccinate had no effect on the rate of red cell disappearance. The disappearance of the cells was shown to take place without appreciable intravascular destruction.

scholarly journals Determinants of Erythrocyte Size in Chronic Liver Disease

Blood ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS M. KILBRIDGE ◽  
PAUL HELLER
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Alcoholic Cirrhosis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Volumes

Abstract Serial determinations of red cell volumes were made with an electronic sizing device in 30 patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Variations in red cell volumes were correlated with other hematologic and clinical findings. The results of these studies suggest that volume macrocytosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis is either due to megaloblastosis of the bone marrow or to an accelerated influx of young red cells into the peripheral blood.

scholarly journals Reduction in massive postpartum haemorrhage and red blood cell transfusion during a national quality improvement project, Obstetric Bleeding Strategy for Wales, OBS Cymru: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah F. Bell ◽  
Rachel E. Collis ◽  
Philip Pallmann ◽  
Christopher Bailey ◽  
Kathryn James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
National Database ◽  
Care Bundle ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Red Cell Transfusion

Abstract Background Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and its incidence is increasing in many countries despite management guidelines. A national quality improvement programme called the Obstetric Bleeding Strategy for Wales (OBS Cymru) was introduced in all obstetric units in Wales. The aim was to reduce moderate PPH (1000 mL) progressing to massive PPH (> 2500 mL) and the need for red cell transfusion. Methods A PPH care bundle was introduced into all 12 obstetric units in Wales included all women giving birth in 2017 and 2018 (n = 61,094). The care bundle prompted: universal risk assessment, quantitative measurement of blood loss after all deliveries (as opposed to visual estimation), structured escalation to senior clinicians and point-of-care viscoelastometric-guided early fibrinogen replacement. Data were submitted by each obstetric unit to a national database. Outcome measures were incidence of massive PPH (> 2500 mL) and red cell transfusion. Analysis was performed using linear regression of the all Wales monthly data. Results Uptake of the intervention was good: quantitative blood loss measurement and risk assessment increased to 98.1 and 64.5% of all PPH > 1000 mL, whilst ROTEM use for PPH > 1500 mL increased to 68.2%. Massive PPH decreased by 1.10 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.92) per 1000 maternities per year (P = 0.011). Fewer women progressed from moderate to massive PPH in the last 6 months, 74/1490 (5.0%), than in the first 6 months, 97/1386 (7.0%), (P = 0.021). Units of red cells transfused decreased by 7.4 (95% CI 1.6 to 13.2) per 1000 maternities per year (P = 0.015). Red cells were transfused to 350/15204 (2.3%) and 268/15150 (1.8%) (P = 0.001) in the first and last 6 months, respectively. There was no increase in the number of women with lowest haemoglobin below 80 g/L during this time period. Infusions of fresh frozen plasma fell and there was no increase in the number of women with haemostatic impairment. Conclusions The OBS Cymru care bundle was feasible to implement and associated with progressive, clinically significant improvements in outcomes for PPH across Wales. It is applicable across obstetric units of widely varying size, complexity and staff mixes.

BRIEF REPORT: Freeze-Cleaving of Red Cell Membranes in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALD S. WEINSTEIN ◽  
ROGER A. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Red Cell Membranes

Abstract Electron microscopic studies on dried isolated red cell ghosts have been reported to show lesions associated with cell membranes in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). In this study, carbon-platinum replicas of membranes of freeze-cleaved, partially hydrated PNH red cells and isolated PNH cell ghosts failed to confirm the existence of these abnormalities. This suggests that the previously described lesions are the products of drying artifacts, although they may reflect hidden structural differences between PNH and normal red cell membranes.

Cytogenetic, anatomical and blood group studies of sheep twin chimaeras

1970 ◽  
Vol 175 (1039) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
X Protein ◽  
Blood Grouping

Karyotyping and blood grouping methods were used to identify sheep twin chimaeras. Evidence that an exchange of blood cell precursors (the origin of chimaerism) had taken place in utero was obtained by examining lymphocytes in culture and finding the chromosomes of both sexes in one individual, or by finding admixture of red cell antigens, haemoglobin or ‘X ’ protein. Where chimaerism of sex chromosomes was found the pairs had identical red cell types, but two separate populations of red cells were not always identifiable. The four females in the pairs studied were freemartins. No correlation was found between the relative proportions of the two red cell populations and those of the two white cell populations. In one pair of chimaeric ewes, breeding tests showed that the major red cell populations in each case were the true genetic type. In the freemartins no correlation was found between the degree of masculinity and the numbers of male lymphocytes. A possible correlation of masculinity with red cell proportions is discussed.

Evaluation of Red Cell Hemolysis in Packed Red Cells During Processing and Storage

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Makroo ◽  
Vimarsh Raina ◽  
Aakanksha Bhatia ◽  
Richa Gupta ◽  
Abdul Majid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage
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