Flight-motor-driven respiratory airflow increases tracheal oxygen to nearly atmospheric level in blowflies (Calliphora vicina)

2015 ◽  
Vol 218 (14) ◽  
pp. 2201-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Wasserthal
Keyword(s):  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Respiratory Airflow ◽  
Flight Motor ◽  
Atmospheric Level

scholarly journals Blowfly flight and optic flow. I. Thorax kinematics and flight dynamics

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 1481-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Schilstra ◽  
J.H. Hateren
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Optic Flow ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Flight Dynamics ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Fixed Order ◽  
Position And Orientation ◽  
Flight Motor

The motion of the thorax of the blowfly Calliphora vicina was measured during cruising flight inside a cage measuring 40 cmx40 cmx40 cm. Sensor coils mounted on the thorax picked up externally generated magnetic fields and yielded measurements of the position and orientation of the thorax with a resolution of 1 ms, 0.3 degrees and 1 mm. Flight velocities inside the cage were up to 1.2 m s-1, and accelerations were up to 1 g (approximately 10 m s-2) vertically and 2 g horizontally. During flight, blowflies performed a series of short (approximately 20–30 ms) saccade-like turns at a rate of approximately 10 s-1. The saccades consisted of a succession of rotations around all axes, occurring in a fixed order. First, a roll was started. Second, the rolled thorax pitched (pulling the nose up) and yawed, resulting in a turn relative to the outside world. Finally, the thorax rolled back to a level position. Saccades had yaw amplitudes of up to 90 degrees, but 90 % were smaller than 50 degrees. Maximum angular velocities were 2000 degrees s-1, and maximum accelerations were 10(5) degrees s-2. The latter correspond to torques consistent with the maximal force (2×10(−3)N) that can be generated by the flight motor as inferred from the maximal linear acceleration. Furthermore, the sequence of energy investment in consecutive rotations around different axes appears to be optimized during a saccade.

Relative tidal volume and respiratory airflow estimation using tracheal sound and movement during sleep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Montazeri Ghahjaverestan ◽  
Muammar M. Kabir ◽  
Shumit Saha ◽  
Bojan Gavrilovic ◽  
Kaiyin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Tracheal Sound ◽  
Respiratory Airflow

scholarly journals The design of RIP belts impacts the reliability and quality of the measured respiratory signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer Montazeri ◽  
Sigurdur Aegir Jonsson ◽  
Jon Skirnir Agustsson ◽  
Marta Serwatko ◽  
Thorarinn Gislason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Signal Reliability ◽  
Respiratory Airflow ◽  
Flow Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Home Sleep Apnea Testing ◽  
Apnea Testing

Abstract Purpose Evaluate the effect of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) belt design on the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. A comparison of cannula flow to disposable cut-to-fit, semi-disposable folding and disposable RIP belts was performed in clinical home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) studies. Methods This was a retrospective study using clinical HSAT studies. The signal reliability of cannula, thorax, and abdomen RIP belts was determined by automatically identifying periods during which the signals did not represent respiratory airflow and breathing movements. Results were verified by manual scoring. RIP flow quality was determined by examining the correlation between the RIP flow and cannula flow when both signals were considered reliable. Results Of 767 clinical HSAT studies, mean signal reliability of the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable thorax RIP belts was 83.0 ± 26.2%, 76.1 ± 24.4%, and 98.5 ± 9.3%, respectively. The signal reliability of the cannula was 92.5 ± 16.1%, 87.0 ± 23.3%, and 85.5 ± 24.5%, respectively. The automatic assessment of signal reliability for the RIP belts and cannula flow had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 99% compared with manual assessment. The mean correlation of cannula flow to RIP flow from the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable RIP belts was 0.79 ± 0.24, 0.52 ± 0.20, and 0.86 ± 0.18, respectively. Conclusion The design of RIP belts affects the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. The disposable RIP belts that had integrated contacts and did not fold on top of themselves performed the best. The cut-to-fit RIP belts were most likely to be unreliable, and the semi-disposable folding belts produced the lowest-quality RIP flow signals compared to the cannula flow signal.

scholarly journals Impact of Comingled Heterospecific Assemblages on Developmentally Based Estimates of the Post-Mortem Interval—A Study with Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Phormia regina (Meigen) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Krystal R. Hans ◽  
Sherah L. Vanlaerhoven
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Blow Flies ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Estimates of the minimum post-mortem interval (mPMI) using the development rate of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are common in modern forensic entomology casework. These estimates are based on single species developing in the absence of heterospecific interactions. Yet, in real-world situations, it is not uncommon to have 2 or more blow fly species developing on a body. Species interactions have the potential to change the acceptance of resources as suitable for oviposition, the timing of oviposition, growth rate, size and development time of immature stages, as well as impacting the survival of immature stages to reach adult. This study measured larval development and growth rate of the blow flies Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Phormia regina (Meigen, 1826) and Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) over five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 °C), in the presence of conspecifics or two-species heterospecific assemblages. Temperature and species treatment interacted such that L. sericata larvae gained mass more rapidly when in the presence of P. regina at 20 and 30 °C, however only developed faster at first instar. At later stages, the presence of P. regina slowed development of L. sericata immatures. Development time of C. vicina immatures was not affected by the presence of P. regina, however larvae gained mass more slowly. Development time of P. regina immatures was faster in the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina until third instar, at which point, the presence of L. sericata was neutral whereas C. vicina negatively impacted development time. Phormia regina larvae gained mass more rapidly in the presence of L. sericata at 20 °C but were negatively impacted at 25 °C by the presence of either L. sericata or C. vicina. The results of this study indicate that metrics such as development time or larval mass used for estimating mPMI with blow flies are impacted by the presence of comingled heterospecific blow fly assemblages. As the effects of heterospecific assemblages are not uniformly positive or negative between stages, temperatures or species combinations, more research into these effects is vital. Until then, caution should be used when estimating mPMI in cases with multiple blow fly species interacting on a body.

The identity of Sarcophaga alpina Zetterstedt, 1838 and the interpretation of Acrophaga Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Rognes
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Nominal Species

AbstractSarcophaga alpina Zetterstedt, 1838 is established as a new junior synonym of Musca genarum Zetterstedt, 1838; stelviana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891, stat.rev., in the combination Calliphora stelviana (Brauer & Bergenstamm), replaces alpina: authors, not Zetterstedt, 1838. Lectotypes are designated for Musca genarum Zetterstedt, 1838, Musca laticornis Zetterstedt, 1838 and Acrophaga stelviana Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891. The type-species of Acrophaga Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 has been misidentified and it is recommended that the nominal species Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 be designated as type-species.

Temperature Dependence of the Neural Control of the Moth Flight System

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-639
Author(s):  
JAMES L. HANEGAN ◽  
JAMES EDWARD HEATH
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Flight Pattern ◽  
Flight System ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Thoracic Ganglia ◽  
Flight Motor

1. The transition from the warm-up motor pattern to the flight motor pattern in the saturnid moth H. cecropia, is described. 2. The transition from warm-up to flight was found to be dependent on the temperature of the thoracic ganglia. 3. A model to account for the two different motor output patterns and the transition of the warm-up pattern to the flight pattern is proposed.

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