scholarly journals Characterization of visual pigments, oil droplets, lens and cornea in the whooping crane Grus americana

2014 ◽  
Vol 217 (21) ◽  
pp. 3883-3890 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Porter ◽  
A. C. N. Kingston ◽  
R. McCready ◽  
E. G. Cameron ◽  
C. M. Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane

Whooping Crane (Grus americana)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Urbanek ◽  
James C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane

scholarly journals The Whooping Crane, Grus americana, Forster. [Pl. 313-314]

1842 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
John James Audubon
Keyword(s):  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane

Visual pigments and oil droplets in diurnal lizards

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis R. Loew ◽  
Leo J. Fleishman ◽  
Russell G. Foster ◽  
Ignacio Provencio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Anolis Carolinensis ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Vitamin A2 ◽  
Insight Into

SUMMARY We report microspectrophotometric (MSP) data for the visual pigments and oil droplets of 17 species of Caribbean anoline lizard known to live in differing photic habitats and having distinctly different dewlap colors. The outgroup Polychrus marmoratus was also examined to gain insight into the ancestral condition. Except for Anolis carolinensis, which is known to use vitamin A2 as its visual pigment chromophore, all anoline species examined possessed at least four vitamin-A1-based visual pigments with maximum absorbance (λmax) at 564, 495,455 and 365 nm. To the previously reported visual pigments for A. carolinensis we add an ultraviolet-sensitive one withλ max at 365 nm. Five common classes of oil droplet were measured, named according to apparent color and associated with specific cone classes — yellow and green in long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cones,green only in medium-wavelength-sensitive (MWS) cones and colorless in short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) and ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS) cones. MSP data showed that the colorless droplet in the SWS cone had significant absorption between 350 and 400 nm, while the colorless droplet in the UVS cone did not. The pattern for Polychrus marmoratus was identical to that for the anoles except for the presence of a previously undescribed visual cell with a rod-like outer segment, a visual pigment with a λmaxof 497 nm and a colorless oil droplet like that in the UVS cones. These findings suggest that anoline visual pigments, as far as they determine visual system spectral sensitivity, are not necessarily adapted to the photic environment or to the color of significant visual targets (e.g. dewlaps).

Visual pigments, oil droplets and cone photoreceptor distribution in the european starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
N S Hart ◽  
J C Partridge ◽  
I C Cuthill
Keyword(s):  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Sturnus Vulgaris ◽  
European Starling ◽  
Visual Pigments ◽  
Double Cone ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
Single Cone

Microspectrophotometric measurements of retinal photoreceptors from the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) revealed four classes of single cone, containing visual pigments with wavelengths of maximum absorbance (<IMG src="/images/symbols/lambda.gif" WIDTH="8" HEIGHT="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG= "3">max) at 563, 504, 449 and close to 362 nm. The two longer-wave-sensitive single cones contained brightly coloured oil droplets which cut off light below 572 and 514 nm, respectively. The 449 nm <IMG src="/images/symbols/lambda.gif" WIDTH="8" HEIGHT="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3">max pigment was associated with a 'colourless' oil droplet with peak measured absorptance below 400 nm. The ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigment was paired with a transparent oil droplet which showed no significant absorption above 350 nm. A single class of double cone was identified, both members of which contained the longwave-sensitive (<IMG src="/images/symbols/lambda.gif" WIDTH="8" HEIGHT= "12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3">max 563 nm) visual pigment. The principal member of the double cone contained an oil droplet with a topographically variable cut-off wavelength below 471 nm; the oil droplet found in the accessory member was only measured in the ventral retina and displayed three distinct peaks of absorption at approximately 430, 450 and 480 nm. Rod photoreceptors had a <IMG src="/images/symbols/lambda.gif" WIDTH="8" HEIGHT="12" ALIGN="BOTTOM" NATURALSIZEFLAG="3">max at 503 nm. A new polynomial for fitting visual pigment templates to ultraviolet-sensitive visual pigment data is given. Topographic density measurements of the different cone classes were made using Nitroblue-tetrazolium chloride to label selectively bleached photoreceptors. The two classes of shortwave-sensitive single cone were more abundant in the dorsal retina, and longwave-sensitive single cones were notably less abundant in the dorso-temporal region of the retina, which subserves binocular vision.

Characterization of Oil Droplets in the Lower Cavity of a Rotary Compressor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puyuan Wu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Paul Sojka ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Hongjun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Rotary Compressor ◽  
Oil Droplets ◽  
Lower Cavity

scholarly journals Coccidian Parasites and Conservation Implications for the Endangered Whooping Crane (Grus americana)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0127679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda R. Bertram ◽  
Gabriel L. Hamer ◽  
Karen F. Snowden ◽  
Barry K. Hartup ◽  
Sarah A. Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Grus Americana ◽  
Whooping Crane ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Coccidian Parasites
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