scholarly journals Changes in protein expression in the salt marsh mussel Geukensia demissa: evidence for a shift from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism during prolonged aerial exposure

2014 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
pp. 1601-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Fields ◽  
C. Eurich ◽  
W. L. Gao ◽  
B. Cela
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Geukensia Demissa ◽  
Aerial Exposure

scholarly journals Shorescape-level factors drive distribution and condition of a salt marsh facilitator (Geukensia demissa )

Ecosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e02449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Isdell ◽  
Donna M. Bilkovic ◽  
Carl Hershner
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Geukensia Demissa

scholarly journals Efforts to overcome hypoxia condition in Balb/c mouse macrophages after intraperitoneal SRBC immunization

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Pungguri Ayu Nega Sarsanti ◽  
Mohamad Sadikin ◽  
Sri Widia Azraki Jusman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Aerobic Metabolism ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

BACKGROUND Activated macrophages require increased oxygen to destroy foreign bodies, leading to an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, macrophages would experience hypoxic and oxidative stress conditions at the same time. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the mechanism of the activated macrophages to overcoming this dual condition.METHODS The activated macrophages were harvested from the intraperitoneal cavities of 18 BALB/c mice immunized with 2% sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). The macrophage suspension was divided into four groups: control, 24, 48, and 72 hours after-immunization groups. The expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, HIF-2α, and cytoglobin (Cygb), as markers for hypoxic condition, were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) protein as a marker for mitochondrial biogenesis and aerobic metabolism was measured with ELISA. The analysis of oxidative stress was conducted with the water-soluble tetrazolium salt test.RESULTS The HIF-1α mRNA expression was the highest at 24 hours, whereas the HIF-2α mRNA showed no increased expression during the observation. The Cygb mRNA decreased after 24 hours. The highest expressions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α proteins were detected at 72 hours, whereas the Cygb protein expression increased since 24 hours. The PGC-1α protein expression increased at 72 hours. The WST test showed the highest ROS level at 24 hours.CONCLUSIONS The macrophages were activated by SRBCs underwent dual hypoxia and oxidative stress condition simultaneously to overcome the foreign bodies. The macrophages overcame these stress conditions by increasing their aerobic metabolism.

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