scholarly journals Lobula-specific visual projection neurons are involved in perception of motion-defined second-order motion in Drosophila

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
Z. Lei ◽  
Z. Wu ◽  
A. Guo
Keyword(s):  
Second Order ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Visual Projection

scholarly journals Author response: Visual projection neurons in the Drosophila lobula link feature detection to distinct behavioral programs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Aljoscha Nern ◽  
W Ryan Williamson ◽  
Mai M Morimoto ◽  
Michael B Reiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Detection ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Visual Projection

scholarly journals Canal-Specific Excitation and Inhibition of Frog Second-Order Vestibular Neurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Straka ◽  
S. Biesdorf ◽  
N. Dieringer
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Postsynaptic Potentials ◽  
Vestibular Neurons ◽  
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials ◽  
Monosynaptic Epsp ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Monosynaptic Excitation

Straka, H., S. Biesdorf, and N. Dieringer. Canal-specific excitation and inhibition of frog second-order vestibular neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1363–1372, 1997. Second-order vestibular neurons (2°VNs) were identified in the in vitro frog brain by their monosynaptic excitation following electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral VIIIth nerve. Ipsilateral disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were revealed by bath application of the glycine antagonist strychnine or of the γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) antagonist bicuculline. Ipsilateral disynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were analyzed as well. The functional organization of convergent monosynaptic and disynaptic excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto 2°VNs was studied by separate electrical stimulation of individual semicircular canal nerves on the ipsilateral side. Most 2°VNs (88%) received a monosynaptic EPSP exclusively from one of the three semicircular canal nerves; fewer 2°VNs (10%) were monosynaptically excited from two semicircular canal nerves; and even fewer 2°VNs (2%) were monosynaptically excited from each of the three semicircular canal nerves. Disynaptic EPSPs were present in the majority of 2°VNs (68%) and originated from the same (homonymous) semicircular canal nerve that activated a monosynaptic EPSP in a given neuron (22%), from one or both of the other two (heteronymous) canal nerves (18%), or from all three canal nerves (28%). Homonymous activation of disynaptic EPSPs prevailed (74%) among those 2°VNs that exhibited disynaptic EPSPs. Disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were mediated in 90% of the tested 2°VNs by glycine, in 76% by GABA, and in 62% by GABA as well as by glycine. These IPSPs were activated almost exclusively from the same semicircular canal nerve that evoked the monosynaptic EPSP in a given 2°VN. Our results demonstrate a canal-specific, modular organization of vestibular nerve afferent fiber inputs onto 2°VNs that consists of a monosynaptic excitation from one semicircular canal nerve followed by disynaptic excitatory and inhibitory inputs originating from the homonymous canal nerve. Excitatory and inhibitory second-order (2°) vestibular interneurons are envisaged to form side loops that mediate spatially similar but dynamically different signals to 2° vestibular projection neurons. These feedforward side loops are suited to adjust the dynamic response properties of 2° vestibular projection neurons by facilitating or disfacilitating phasic and tonic input components.

A pair of identified giant visual projection neurons demonstrates rhythmic activities before eclosion

2013 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yan ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
Shengwen Deng ◽  
Naya Huang ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Visual Projection

scholarly journals Higher-order olfactory neurons in the lateral horn supports odor valence and odor identity coding in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Das Chakraborty ◽  
Hetan Chang ◽  
Bill S. Hansson ◽  
Silke Sachse
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Sensory Level ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Odor Coding ◽  
Lateral Horn

AbstractUnderstanding neuronal representations of odor-evoked activities and their progressive transformation from the sensory level to higher brain centers features one of the major aims in olfactory neuroscience. Here, we investigated how odor information is transformed and represented in higher-order neurons of the lateral horn, one of the higher olfactory centers implicated in determining innate behavior, using Drosophila melanogaster. We focused on a subset of third-order glutamatergic lateral horn neurons (LHNs) and characterized their odor coding properties in relation to their presynaptic partner neurons, the projection neurons (PNs) by two-photon functional imaging. We found that odors evoke reproducible, stereotypic and odor-specific response patterns in LHNs. Notably, odor-evoked responses in these neurons are valence-specific in a way that their response amplitude is positively correlated with innate odor preferences. We postulate that this valence-specific activity is the result of integrating inputs from multiple olfactory channels through second-order neurons. GRASP and micro-lesioning experiments provide evidence that glutamatergic LHNs obtain their major excitatory input from uniglomerular PNs, while they receive an odor-specific inhibition through inhibitory multiglomerular PNs. In summary, our study indicates that odor representations in glutamatergic LHNs encode hedonic valence and odor identity and primarily retain the odor coding properties of second-order neurons.

scholarly journals Direct neural pathways convey distinct visual information to Drosophila mushroom bodies

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Vogt ◽  
Yoshinori Aso ◽  
Toshihide Hige ◽  
Stephan Knapek ◽  
Toshiharu Ichinose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Mushroom Bodies ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Associative Memories ◽  
Visual Projection ◽  
Olfactory Input ◽  
Odor Representation

Previously, we demonstrated that visual and olfactory associative memories of Drosophila share mushroom body (MB) circuits (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="bib46">Vogt et al., 2014</xref>). Unlike for odor representation, the MB circuit for visual information has not been characterized. Here, we show that a small subset of MB Kenyon cells (KCs) selectively responds to visual but not olfactory stimulation. The dendrites of these atypical KCs form a ventral accessory calyx (vAC), distinct from the main calyx that receives olfactory input. We identified two types of visual projection neurons (VPNs) directly connecting the optic lobes and the vAC. Strikingly, these VPNs are differentially required for visual memories of color and brightness. The segregation of visual and olfactory domains in the MB allows independent processing of distinct sensory memories and may be a conserved form of sensory representations among insects.

Olfactory Microcircuits in Drosophila Melanogaster

2017 ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rybak ◽  
Bill S. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Antennal Lobe ◽  
Odorant Receptor ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Vinegar Fly ◽  
Maxillary Palps

In the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster), the neuronal pathway that processes olfactory information is organized into multiple layers: a peripheral set of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs); the primary olfactory center, or antennal lobe (AL); and two second-order neuropils, the mushroom body (MB) and lateral horn (LH). Odorants are detected by the dendrites of OSNs housed in sensilla on the maxillary palps and antennae. The OSN axons converge onto spherical synaptic neuropil within the AL termed glomeruli. OSNs that express the same odorant receptor project to the same glomerulus in a one-to-one fashion, forming discrete olfactory pathways. In the AL, a network of local interneurons (LNs) and projection neurons (PNs) contribute to the first-order processing within the glomeruli. Two types of PNs constitute the principal, parallel output pathways made by PN axons that end in the second-order neuropils of the MB and LH: uniglomerular PNs (uPNs) and multiglomerular PNs (mPNs).

scholarly journals Non-thalamic origin of zebrafish sensory nuclei implies convergent evolution of visual pathways in amniotes and teleosts

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solal Bloch ◽  
Hanako Hagio ◽  
Manon Thomas ◽  
Aurélie Heuzé ◽  
Jean-Michel Hermel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Sensory Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Visual Projection ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Lateral Nucleus

Ascending visual projections similar to the mammalian thalamocortical pathway are found in a wide range of vertebrate species, but their homology is debated. To get better insights into their evolutionary origin, we examined the developmental origin of a thalamic-like sensory structure of teleosts, the preglomerular complex (PG), focusing on the visual projection neurons. Similarly to the tectofugal thalamic nuclei in amniotes, the lateral nucleus of PG receives tectal information and projects to the pallium. However, our cell lineage study in zebrafish reveals that the majority of PG cells are derived from the midbrain, unlike the amniote thalamus. We also demonstrate that the PG projection neurons develop gradually until late juvenile stages. Our data suggest that teleost PG, as a whole, is not homologous to the amniote thalamus. Thus, the thalamocortical-like projections evolved from a non-forebrain cell population, which indicates a surprising degree of variation in the vertebrate sensory systems.

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