Ectopic eyes outside the head in Xenopus tadpoles provide sensory data for light-mediated learning

Linda-Ruth Salter deals with the ways in which hearing contributes to the realities we create and within which we live. Discussing different cognitive theories and findings from neuroscience, she details how sensory data—specifically auditory stimuli—are processed, and how this processing activates imagination in determining who we are, how we are, and where we are. Reality, Salter argues, is a cognitive construct. Hearing plays a significant part in forming that reality—for example, by guiding our attention to certain stimuli rather than others—and it further helps us to successfully inhabit our constructed reality.

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9. PEER-PEER DIALOGUE AS A MEANS OF SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

Annual Review of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s0267190502000090 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 171-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

Merrill Swain ◽

Lindsay Brooks ◽

Agustina Tocalli-Beller

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Language Learning ◽

Second Language Learning ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Peer Collaboration ◽

Mediated Learning ◽

Collaborative Dialogue ◽

Peer Dialogue ◽

Reading Activities ◽

Cognition And Knowledge

From the theoretical perspective of a sociocultural theory of mind, cognition and knowledge are dialogically constructed. Embedded in this theoretical framework, this chapter reviews research studies in which peer-peer dialogue is linked to second language learning as students engage in writing, speaking, listening and reading activities. The review takes the stance that the type of dialogue of particular significance in the language learning process is collaborative dialogue, or that which occurs when learners encounter linguistic problems and attempt to solve them together. In such conditions language is used both as a communicative and cognitive tool. From the studies reviewed, we conclude that peer-peer collaborative dialogue mediates second language learning. We also conclude that although the studies reported few adverse effects of peer collaboration, teaching learners how and why to collaborate may be important to enhance peer-mediated learning. The chapter calls for more research which provides clear evidence of the connections between peer-peer dialogue and second language learning and more studies which investigate longer term learning. Such studies linking peer-peer dialogue to language learning can be instructive for teachers, researchers, and learners, and make us all more aware of the process of learning a second language.

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Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030612 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 612

Author(s):

Vânia Silva ◽

Sandra Pereira ◽

Alice Vilela ◽

Eunice Bacelar ◽

Francisco Guedes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Cherry ◽

Prunus Avium ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

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IoT-enabled directed acyclic graph in spark cluster

Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications ◽

10.1186/s13677-020-00195-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jahwan Koo ◽

Nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi ◽

Isma Farah Siddiqui ◽

Asad Abbas ◽

Ali Kashif Bashir

Keyword(s):

Distributed Computing ◽

Real Time ◽

Directed Acyclic Graph ◽

Random Access ◽

Heterogeneous Data ◽

The Body ◽

Computing Environment ◽

Time Data ◽

Acyclic Graph ◽

Sensory Data

Abstract Real-time data streaming fetches live sensory segments of the dataset in the heterogeneous distributed computing environment. This process assembles data chunks at a rapid encapsulation rate through a streaming technique that bundles sensor segments into multiple micro-batches and extracts into a repository, respectively. Recently, the acquisition process is enhanced with an additional feature of exchanging IoT devices’ dataset comprised of two components: (i) sensory data and (ii) metadata. The body of sensory data includes record information, and the metadata part consists of logs, heterogeneous events, and routing path tables to transmit micro-batch streams into the repository. Real-time acquisition procedure uses the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to extract live query outcomes from in-place micro-batches through MapReduce stages and returns a result set. However, few bottlenecks affect the performance during the execution process, such as (i) homogeneous micro-batches formation only, (ii) complexity of dataset diversification, (iii) heterogeneous data tuples processing, and (iv) linear DAG workflow only. As a result, it produces huge processing latency and the additional cost of extracting event-enabled IoT datasets. Thus, the Spark cluster that processes Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD) in a fast-pace using Random access memory (RAM) defies expected robustness in processing IoT streams in the distributed computing environment. This paper presents an IoT-enabled Directed Acyclic Graph (I-DAG) technique that labels micro-batches at the stage of building a stream event and arranges stream elements with event labels. In the next step, heterogeneous stream events are processed through the I-DAG workflow, which has non-linear DAG operation for extracting queries’ results in a Spark cluster. The performance evaluation shows that I-DAG resolves homogeneous IoT-enabled stream event issues and provides an effective stream event heterogeneous solution for IoT-enabled datasets in spark clusters.

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Measuring Canopy Geometric Structure Using Optical Sensors Mounted on Terrestrial Vehicles: A Case Study in Vineyards

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11030208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Daniel Queirós da Silva ◽

André Silva Aguiar ◽

Filipe Neves dos Santos ◽

Armando Jorge Sousa ◽

Danilo Rabino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Real Data ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Area Index ◽

Sensory Data ◽

The Right

Smart and precision agriculture concepts require that the farmer measures all relevant variables in a continuous way and processes this information in order to build better prescription maps and to predict crop yield. These maps feed machinery with variable rate technology to apply the correct amount of products in the right time and place, to improve farm profitability. One of the most relevant information to estimate the farm yield is the Leaf Area Index. Traditionally, this index can be obtained from manual measurements or from aerial imagery: the former is time consuming and the latter requires the use of drones or aerial services. This work presents an optical sensing-based hardware module that can be attached to existing autonomous or guided terrestrial vehicles. During the normal operation, the module collects periodic geo-referenced monocular images and laser data. With that data a suggested processing pipeline, based on open-source software and composed by Structure from Motion, Multi-View Stereo and point cloud registration stages, can extract Leaf Area Index and other crop-related features. Additionally, in this work, a benchmark of software tools is made. The hardware module and pipeline were validated considering real data acquired in two vineyards—Portugal and Italy. A dataset with sensory data collected by the module was made publicly available. Results demonstrated that: the system provides reliable and precise data on the surrounding environment and the pipeline is capable of computing volume and occupancy area from the acquired data.

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Monotone Split and Conquer for Anomaly Detection in IoT Sensory Data

IEEE Internet of Things Journal ◽

10.1109/jiot.2021.3073705 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Thien-Binh Dang ◽

Duc-Tai Le ◽

Tien-Dung Nguyen ◽

Moonseong Kim ◽

Hyunseung Choo

Keyword(s):

Anomaly Detection ◽

Sensory Data

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Exploring Robot Connectivity and Collaborative Sensing in a High-School Enrichment Program

Robotics ◽

10.3390/robotics10010013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Igor M. Verner ◽

Dan Cuperman ◽

Michael Reitman

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Positive Contribution ◽

Smart Transportation ◽

Sensory Data ◽

Robot Systems ◽

Enrichment Program ◽

Collaborative Sensing ◽

Robot Tasks ◽

Value Of Learning ◽

Multi Robot

Education is facing challenges to keep pace with the widespread introduction of robots and digital technologies in industry and everyday life. These challenges necessitate new approaches to impart students at all levels of education with the knowledge of smart connected robot systems. This paper presents the high-school enrichment program Intelligent Robotics and Smart Transportation, which implements an approach to teaching the concepts and skills of robot connectivity, collaborative sensing, and artificial intelligence, through practice with multi-robot systems. The students used a simple control language to program Bioloid wheeled robots and utilized Phyton and Robot Operating System (ROS) to program Tello drones and TurtleBots in a Linux environment. In their projects, the students implemented multi-robot tasks in which the robots exchanged sensory data via the internet. Our educational study evaluated the contribution of the program to students’ learning of connectivity and collaborative sensing of robot systems and their interest in modern robotics. The students’ responses indicated that the program had a high positive contribution to their knowledge and skills and fostered their interest in the learned subjects. The study revealed the value of learning of internet of things and collaborative sensing for enhancing this contribution.

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