scholarly journals The effect of acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise on subsequent hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 (12) ◽  
pp. 2080-2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-J. Fu ◽  
C. J. Brauner ◽  
Z.-D. Cao ◽  
J. G. Richards ◽  
J.-L. Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

scholarly journals Mitochondrial KATP channels stabilize intracellular Ca2+ during hypoxia in retinal horizontal cells of goldfish (Carassius auratus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Country ◽  
Michael G. Jonz
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Katp Channels ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Mitochondrial Katp Channels

Neurons of the retina require oxygen to survive. In hypoxia, neuronal ATP production is impaired, ATP-dependent ion pumping is reduced, transmembrane ion gradients are dysregulated, and [Ca2+]i increases enough to trigger excitotoxic cell death. Central neurons of the common goldfish (Carassius auratus) are hypoxia-tolerant, but little is known about how goldfish retinas withstand hypoxia. To study the cellular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance, we isolated retinal interneurons (horizontal cells; HCs), and measured intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with Fura-2. Goldfish HCs maintained [Ca2+]i throughout 1 h of hypoxia, whereas [Ca2+]i increased irreversibly in HCs of the hypoxia-sensitive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with just 20 min of hypoxia. Our results suggest mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+ channels (mKATP) are necessary to stabilize [Ca2+]i throughout hypoxia. In goldfish HCs, [Ca2+]i increased when mKATP was blocked with glibenclamide or 5-HD, whereas an mKATP agonist (diazoxide) prevented [Ca2+]i from increasing in hypoxia in trout HCs. We showed that hypoxia protects goldfish HCs via mKATP channels. Glycolytic inhibition with 2-deoxyglucose increased [Ca2+]i, which was rescued by hypoxia in an mKATP-dependent manner. We found no evidence of plasmalemmal KATP channels in patch-clamp experiments. Instead, we confirmed the involvement of KATP in mitochondria with TMRE imaging, as hypoxia rapidly (<5 min) depolarized mitochondria in an mKATP-sensitive manner. We conclude that mKATP channels initiate a neuroprotective pathway in goldfish HCs to maintain [Ca2+]i and avoid excitotoxicity in hypoxia. This model provides novel insight into the cellular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in the retina.

scholarly journals The Hypoxia Tolerance of the Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Heart: The NOS/NO System and Beyond

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariacristina Filice ◽  
Rosa Mazza ◽  
Serena Leo ◽  
Alfonsina Gattuso ◽  
Maria Carmela Cerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Hypoxia Tolerance ◽  
No Production ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Enhanced Expression

The extraordinary capacity of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) to increase its cardiac performance under acute hypoxia is crucial in ensuring adequate oxygen supply to tissues and organs. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are not yet completely elucidated. By employing an ex vivo working heart preparation, we observed that the time-dependent enhancement of contractility, distinctive of the hypoxic goldfish heart, is abolished by the Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) antagonist L-NMMA, the Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenger PTIO, as well as by the PI3-kinase (PI3-K) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) pumps’ inhibition by Wortmannin and Thapsigargin, respectively. In goldfish hearts exposed to hypoxia, an ELISA test revealed no changes in cGMP levels, while Western Blotting analysis showed an enhanced expression of the phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt) and of the NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit Nox2 (gp91phox). A significant decrease of protein S-nitrosylation was observed by Biotin Switch assay in hypoxic hearts. Results suggest a role for a PI3-K/Akt-mediated activation of the NOS-dependent NO production, and SERCA2a pumps in the mechanisms conferring benefits to the goldfish heart under hypoxia. They also propose protein denitrosylation, and the possibility of nitration, as parallel intracellular events.

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Induction of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Goldfish Carassius auratus (var. oranda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Paschos ◽  
L Natsis ◽  
C Nathanailides ◽  
I Kagalou ◽  
E Kolettas
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

Toxicity and deleterious impacts of selenium nanoparticles at supranutritional and imbalance levels on male goldfish (Carassius auratus) sperm

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 126758
Author(s):  
Javad Seyedi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kalbassi ◽  
Milad Esmaeilbeigi ◽  
Mohammad Behzadi Tayemeh ◽  
Jamshid Amiri Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus
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