scholarly journals Can red flowers be conspicuous to bees? Bombus dahlbomii and South American temperate forest flowers as a case in point

2010 ◽  
Vol 213 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Martinez-Harms ◽  
A. G. Palacios ◽  
N. Marquez ◽  
P. Estay ◽  
M. T. K. Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
Bombus Dahlbomii

Upper canopy pollinators of Eucryphia cordifolia Cav., a tree of South American temperate rain forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Smith-Ramírez ◽  
Paula Martínez ◽  
Iván Díaz ◽  
Marcelo Galaz ◽  
Juan J. Armesto
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
South American ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Temperate Rain Forest ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Pollinator Assemblage

Ecological processes in the upper canopy of temperate forests have been seldom studied because of the limited accessibility. Here, we present the results of the first survey of the pollinator assemblage and the frequency of insect visits to flowers in the upper branches of ulmo, Eucryphia cordifolia Cav., an emergent 30-40 m-tall tree in rainforests of Chiloé Island, Chile. We compared these findings with a survey of flower visitors restricted to lower branches of E. cordifolia 1- in the forest understory, 2- in lower branches in an agroforestry area. We found 10 species of pollinators in canopy, and eight, 12 and 15 species in understory, depending of tree locations. The main pollinators of E. cordifolia in the upper canopy differed significantly from the pollinator assemblage recorded in lower tree branches. We conclude that the pollinator assemblages of the temperate forest canopy and interior are still unknown.

scholarly journals Aneriophora aureorufa (Philippi, 1865) (Diptera: Syrphidae): a fly specialized in the pollination of Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. (Cunoniaceae R. Br.), an endemic species of South American temperate forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Smith ◽  
Lorena Vieli ◽  
Rodrigo Barahona-Segovia
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
South American ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Flower Flies ◽  
A Site

The order Diptera is the second most important group of pollinators worldwide. Many flies are considered generalist pollinators, but specialist flower flies’ associations are rare or uncommon. The present study aimed to determine the level of specialization in pollination for Aneriophora aureorufa (Philippi, 1865) (Diptera: Syrphidae), an endemic species of the South American temperate forests. The study evaluates also the species abundance in different sampling sites and environments. Our data suggest that Aneriophora aureorufa has an exclusive and extremely narrow association with the flowers of Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.¸ an endemic Chilean species. We reviewed the literature on Chilean pollinator species searching for information about Aneriophora Stuardo & Cortés 1952 and compared its exclusive association with other specialist flies. We conducted long-term fieldwork for 22 years in one location during the flowering season and over a period of one to six years in five additional locations. In our field study we recorded all insects which had contact with stigma and/or stamens of 25 plant species. We found that Aneriophora visits flowers of E. cordifolia in both low absolute abundance and low relative percentage, and occasionally visits flowers of two other species. In the northern distributional range of A. aureorufa, where E. cordifolia is absent, the hoverfly was recorded in flowers of Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. (Chilean laurel, Atherospermataceae), but in low frequency (0.01 flowers/min). In a site where we have a long-term study, A. aureorufa represented only 0.2% of all flower visitors, and its abundance was higher in canopy forests, visiting 0.03 flowers/min. Based on our observations and the literature review we propose that (1) Aneriophora is one of the most specialized pollinator flies described until now; (2) the species is more frequent in old-growth forests than in forest edges or isolated trees. 

Vocal Diversity in Frogs of the South American Temperate Forest

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Penna ◽  
Alberto Veloso
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
The South

Severe constraints for sound communication in a frog from the South American temperate forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 199 (8) ◽  
pp. 723-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Penna ◽  
Alicia Plaza ◽  
Felipe N. Moreno-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Temperate Forest ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Sound Communication
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