scholarly journals The role of target elevation in prey selection by tiger beetles (Carabidae: Cicindela spp.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 209 (21) ◽  
pp. 4295-4303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Layne ◽  
P. W. Chen ◽  
C. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Tiger Beetles ◽  
Target Elevation

The role of size preference in prey selection ofAmphiuma means

BIOS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Harrison Taylor ◽  
John P. Ludlam
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Size Preference

Frequency-dependent prey selection by larvae of Toxorhynchites splendens (Diptera: Culicidae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dominic Amalraj ◽  
P. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Size Selection ◽  
The Stability

AbstractThe foraging behaviour of frequency-dependent prey selection by larval instars of Toxorhynchites splendens (Wiedemann) was studied in the laboratory. Prey size selection (second vs fourth instars of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus or Anopheles stephensi Liston) by third and fourth instar predators was frequency-dependent. However, in the case of second instar predators, prey size selection was not frequency-dependent and the predator preferred second instar to fourth instar prey. When offered second instars of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi the preference for one species over the other was frequency-dependent in all the three predator instars. The role of frequency-dependent prey selection in the stability of prey—predator interaction at low equilibrium levels is discussed.

scholarly journals Biased belief updating and suboptimal choice in foraging decisions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Garrett ◽  
Nathaniel D. Daw
Keyword(s):  
Prey Selection ◽  
Learning Rule ◽  
Belief Updating ◽  
Reward Rate ◽  
Mate Search ◽  
Learning Rates ◽  
Foraging Decisions ◽  
Foraging Models ◽  
Choice Setting

AbstractIn many choice scenarios, including prey, employment, and mate search, options are not encountered simultaneously and so cannot be directly compared. Deciding which ones optimally to engage, and which to forego, requires developing accurate beliefs about the overall distribution of prospects. However, the role of learning in this process – and how biases due to learning may affect choice – are poorly understood. In three experiments, we adapted a classic prey selection task from foraging theory to examine how individuals kept track of an environment’s reward rate and adjusted their choices in response to its fluctuations. In accord with qualitative predictions from optimal foraging models, participants adjusted their selectivity to the richness of the environment: becoming less selective in poorer environments and increasing acceptance of less profitable options. These preference shifts were observed not just in response to global (between block) manipulations of the offer distributions, but also to local, trial-by-trial offer variation within a block, suggesting an incremental learning rule. Further offering evidence into the learning process, these preference changes were more pronounced when the environment improved compared to when it deteriorated. All these observations were best explained by a trial-by-trial learning model in which participants estimate the overall reward rate, but with upward vs. downward changes controlled by separate learning rates. A failure to adjust expectations sufficiently when an environment becomes worse leads to suboptimal choices: options that are valuable given the environmental conditions are rejected in the false expectation that better options will materialize. These findings offer a previously unappreciated parallel in the serial choice setting of observations of asymmetric updating and resulting biased (often overoptimistic) estimates in other domains.

scholarly journals Effect of low gravitational stimulation on the perception of target elevation: Role of spatial expertise

2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Carriot ◽  
Corinne Charles ◽  
Anne-Fabienne Huffenus ◽  
Vincent Nougier ◽  
Christian Raphel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Elevation

Carnivorous Suspension Feeding by the Subarctic Calanoid Copepod Neocalanus cristatus

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1069-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Greene ◽  
Michael R. Landry
Keyword(s):  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Pelagic Ecosystem ◽  
Foraging Mode ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Feeding Modes

Carnivorous suspension feeding is described for the large subarctic calanoid copepod Neocalanus cristatus. This foraging mode relies on the use of a feeding current to entrain potential prey items and transport them into the copepod's capture area. The extensive use of a feeding current to entrain and transport prey into the capture area distinguishes carnivorous suspension feeding from the predatory modes typically described for other calanoid copepods. The consequences of carnivorous suspension feeding on N. cristatus' prey-selection patterns are significant. Feeding experiments reveal that the vulnerability of naupliar prey declines with increasing prey size, just the opposite result observed for other marine calanoids exhibiting more typical predatory feeding modes. The role of omnivorous feeding by N. cristatus within the pelagic ecosystem of the subarctic Pacific is also discussed. In contrast with earlier hypotheses, the results reported here are consistent with the emerging view that this large suspension-feeding copepod may be having at least as great an impact on the microzooplankton as on the phytoplankton of the region.

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