scholarly journals In-flight corrections in free-flying barn owls (Tyto alba) during sound localization tasks

2008 ◽  
Vol 211 (18) ◽  
pp. 2976-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hausmann ◽  
D. T. T. Plachta ◽  
M. Singheiser ◽  
S. Brill ◽  
H. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Barn Owls

Sound Localization by Barn Owls in a Simulated Echoic Environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 3571-3584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Spitzer ◽  
Terry T. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Temporal Overlap

We examined the accuracy and precision with which the barn owl ( Tyto alba) turns its head toward sound sources under conditions that evoke the precedence effect (PE) in humans. Stimuli consisted of 25-ms noise bursts emitted from two sources, separated horizontally by 40°, and temporally by 3–50 ms. At delays from 3 to 10 ms, head turns were always directed at the leading source, and were nearly as accurate and precise as turns toward single sources, indicating that the leading source dominates perception. This lead dominance is particularly remarkable, first, because on some trials, the lagging source was significantly higher in amplitude than the lead, arising from the directionality of the owl's ears, and second, because the temporal overlap of the two sounds can degrade the binaural cues with which the owl localizes sounds. With increasing delays, the influence of the lagging source became apparent as the head saccades became increasingly biased toward the lagging source. Furthermore, on some of the trials at delays ≥20 ms, the owl turned its head, first, in the direction of one source, and then the other, suggesting that it was able to resolve two separately localizable sources. At all delays <50 ms, response latencies were longer for paired sources than for single sources. With the possible exception of response latency, these findings demonstrate that the owl exhibits precedence phenomena in sound localization similar to those in humans and cats, and provide a basis for comparison with neurophysiological data.

scholarly journals The role of envelope shape in the localization of multiple sound sources and echoes in the barn owl

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 924-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin S. Baxter ◽  
Brian S. Nelson ◽  
Terry T. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Sound Localization ◽  
Precedence Effect ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
The One

Echoes and sounds of independent origin often obscure sounds of interest, but echoes can go undetected under natural listening conditions, a perception called the precedence effect. How does the auditory system distinguish between echoes and independent sources? To investigate, we presented two broadband noises to barn owls ( Tyto alba) while varying the similarity of the sounds' envelopes. The carriers of the noises were identical except for a 2- or 3-ms delay. Their onsets and offsets were also synchronized. In owls, sound localization is guided by neural activity on a topographic map of auditory space. When there are two sources concomitantly emitting sounds with overlapping amplitude spectra, space map neurons discharge when the stimulus in their receptive field is louder than the one outside it and when the averaged amplitudes of both sounds are rising. A model incorporating these features calculated the strengths of the two sources' representations on the map (B. S. Nelson and T. T. Takahashi; Neuron 67: 643–655, 2010). The target localized by the owls could be predicted from the model's output. The model also explained why the echo is not localized at short delays: when envelopes are similar, peaks in the leading sound mask corresponding peaks in the echo, weakening the echo's space map representation. When the envelopes are dissimilar, there are few or no corresponding peaks, and the owl localizes whichever source is predicted by the model to be less masked. Thus the precedence effect in the owl is a by-product of a mechanism for representing multiple sound sources on its map.

scholarly journals Contamination by neonicotinoid insecticides in barn owls (Tyto alba) and Alpine swifts (Tachymarptis melba)

2021 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 147403
Author(s):  
Ségolène Humann-Guilleminot ◽  
Shirley Laurent ◽  
Pierre Bize ◽  
Alexandre Roulin ◽  
Gaétan Glauser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Barn Owls

scholarly journals Nidicolous beetle species richness is driven by Barn Owl’s nests occupancy and landscape structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivien Cosandey ◽  
Robin Séchaud ◽  
Paul Béziers ◽  
Yannick Chittaro ◽  
Andreas Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Arthropod Community ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Nest Material ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
Barn Owls

AbstractBird nests are specialized habitats because of their particular composition including nest detritus and bird droppings. In consequence, they attract a specialized arthropod community considered as nidicolous, which includes species only found in bird nests (strictly nidicolous) or sometimes found in bird nests (facultatively nidicolous). Because the factors influencing the entomofauna in bird nests are poorly understood, in autumn 2019, we collected nest material in 86 Barn Owl (Tyto alba) nest boxes. We investigated whether the invertebrate species richness was related to Barn Owl nest box occupancy, the density of available nest boxes and the landscape structure. We found 3,321 nidicolous beetle specimens belonging to 24 species. Species richness of strictly nidicolous beetles was 2.7 times higher in nest boxes occupied by a family of Barn Owls the previous spring compared to unoccupied nest boxes. It was also higher in sites that were more often occupied by Barn Owls in the five previous years and in areas surrounded by a higher proportion of crop fields. For facultatively nidicolous beetles, the density of Barn Owl nest boxes enhanced the species richness. In conclusion, our study suggests that the strictly nidicolous beetles benefit from occupied nest boxes of Barn Owls, whereas facultatively nidicolous beetles look for nest boxes independently of whether Barn Owls occupy them. Our study highlights the importance of bird nests for a suite of invertebrates.

Diet of Barn Owls (Tyto alba) in Northern Belize

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Platt ◽  
Thomas R. Rainwater ◽  
Daniel J. Leavitt ◽  
Stanlee M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Barn Owls

scholarly journals Diet of rural breeding Barn Owls Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769) in Madurai, southern India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 6204-6213
Author(s):  
A. Mohamed Samsoor Ali ◽  
R. Santhanakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Southern India ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Barn Owls

scholarly journals Communally breeding female Barn Owls Tyto alba are not related and do not invest similarly in the communal family

Bird Study ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
Robin Séchaud ◽  
Ana Paula Machado ◽  
Kim Schalcher ◽  
Céline Simon ◽  
Alexandre Roulin
Keyword(s):  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Breeding Female ◽  
Barn Owls

scholarly journals Developmental Changes Underlying the Formation of the Specialized Time Coding Circuits in Barn Owls (Tyto alba)

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 7671-7679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fabiana Kubke ◽  
Dino P. Massoglia ◽  
Catherine E. Carr
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Barn Owls ◽  
Time Coding
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