scholarly journals Larval desperation and histamine: how simple responses can lead to complex changes in larval behaviour

2007 ◽  
Vol 210 (18) ◽  
pp. 3228-3235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Swanson ◽  
D. J. Marshall ◽  
P. D. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Larval Behaviour

scholarly journals Perspectives on Larval Behaviour in Biophysical Modelling of Larval Dispersal in Marine, Demersal Fishes

Oceans ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Leis
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Larval Fishes ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Modelling Effort ◽  
Validation Research ◽  
Vertical Positioning ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Demersal Fishes

Biophysical dispersal models for marine fish larvae are widely used by marine ecologists and managers of fisheries and marine protected areas to predict movement of larval fishes during their pelagic larval duration (PLD). Over the past 25 years, it has become obvious that behaviour—primarily vertical positioning, horizontal swimming and orientation—of larvae during their PLD can strongly influence dispersal outcomes. Yet, most published models do not include even one of these behaviours, and only a tiny fraction include all three. Furthermore, there is no clarity on how behaviours should be incorporated into models, nor on how to obtain the quantitative, empirical data needed to parameterize models. The PLD is a period of morphological, physiological and behavioural change, which presents challenges for modelling. The present paper aims to encourage the inclusion of larval behaviour in biophysical dispersal models for larvae of marine demersal fishes by providing practical suggestions, advice and insights about obtaining and incorporating behaviour of larval fishes into such models based on experience. Key issues are features of different behavioural metrics, incorporation of ontogenetic, temporal, spatial and among-individual variation, and model validation. Research on behaviour of larvae of study species should be part of any modelling effort.

scholarly journals Nesting behaviour and larval biology of Sphex opacus Dahlbom (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) from Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-711
Author(s):  
Sandor C. Buys
Keyword(s):  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Nesting Behaviour ◽  
First Time

Aspects of the nesting behaviour of Sphex opacus Dahlbom, 1845 are presented for the first time, based on observations carried out in a coastal habitat from southeastern Brazil. Larval behaviour and development were studied in laboratorial conditions.

scholarly journals A study on biology and larval behaviour of fruit piercing moth of Othreis (Eudocima) materna (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on pomegranate, Punica granatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-182
Author(s):  
Eknath Shendge ◽  
Bapurao Khaire ◽  
Ramrao Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Bright Orange ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Among different fruit piercing moths, the genus Othreis are the most harmful, causing widespread damage to pomegranate, citrus and mango fruits causing fruit fall in tropical and subtropical countries. The present communication deals with the study on the biology of  Othreis materna (L) from egg to adult’s death which was carried out  at room temperature of the laboratory  to investigate the delicate and vulnerable stages of its life cycle. The life cycle of the moth was completed within 45-61 days, with an average 55.03 days in case of male and within 47-63 days with an average 57.07±4.92 in case of female. Eggs hatching started at night or early in the morning and duration of hatching was 2.72 days. The eggs measured were about 0.95 to 0.03 mm in diameter. The freshly emerged first instar larvae were light yellowish coloured and translucent. The first instar larvae were very active after hatching and they moved 4 to 6 feet for searching the food. The larvae were fed with the leaves of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy or Guduchi). The total larval duration in days from first, second, third, fourth and fifth instar varied from 2.12±0.01, 1.81±0.05, 2.87±0.02, 3.90±0.11, 4.74±0.38 in days respectively and total larval period was 15.44±0.57. Pupae were dark brown in colour and total pupation period was of 13.81±0.12 days and total adult duration for male and female was 23.08±0.70 and 25.20±0.66 days respectively. The adult of O. materna was bright orange in colour and of medium size. The male was small than the female. This is first study of this type from Marathwada, which will help to trace the vulnerable and delicate stage of the life cycle of this O. materna.

The Light Reactions of Larvae of the Tent Caterpillars, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., M. americanum (Fab.), and M. pluviale (Dyar). (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Sullivan ◽  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Tent Caterpillars ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., and the eastern and western tent caterpillars, M. americanum (Fab.) and M. pluviale (Dyar), are common pests of several species of deciduous trees in Canada. All are colonial during the larval stage, but M. disstria differs from the others in one respect: it does not construct a communal tent. This difference in habit merits special consideration in any comparative study of larval behaviour, particularly in one concerned with the effects of physical factors upon the insects, since a tent modifies the effects of the physical environment considerably. Recently, a series of such studies was carried out, and one part of the work consisted of laboratory and field observations on the light reactions of larvae. The results obtained have raised a number of new questions which unfortunately cannot be answered now, hecause two of the species have been difficult to obtain in quantity since 1950. Nevertheless, the findings are presented here without additional delay, since they are of general interest, and other workers may wish to use them.

Gene-environment interactions at the foraging locus of Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Benmaamar ◽  
◽  
Björn Brembs
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Food Patch ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Path Lengths

Environmental variability during the development of an organism has known impacts on the expression of certain behavioural patterns. We used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate how different environmental conditions interact with the allelic variants of rover (forR) and sitter (fors) at the foraging locus to affect food-related behaviour of larvae. We discovered that larval density and nutrient availability were key environmental factors affecting the larval behaviour during early development. High larval density decreased the tendency of rovers to leave a food patch and reduced their travelled path lengths, such that rovers and sitters showed no more significant differences regarding their behaviour. Similar results were obtained when starving the larvae. Furthermore, cutting the availability only of specific nutrients such as sugar, fat or protein during development all affected larval foraging behaviour and locomotion.

scholarly journals A systems biology approach reveals neuronal and muscle developmental defects after chronic exposure to ionising radiation in zebrafish

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Murat El Houdigui ◽  
Christelle Adam-Guillermin ◽  
Giovanna Loro ◽  
Caroline Arcanjo ◽  
Sandrine Frelon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Larval Behaviour

AbstractContamination of the environment after the Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) disasters led to the exposure of a large number of humans and wild animals to radioactive substances. However, the sub-lethal consequences induced by these absorbed radiological doses remain understudied and the long-term biological impacts largely unknown. We assessed the biological effects of chronic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) on embryonic development by exposing zebrafish embryo from fertilization and up to 120 hours post-fertilization (hpf) at dose rates of 0.5 mGy/h, 5 mGy/h and 50 mGy/h, thereby encompassing the field of low dose rates defined at 6 mGy/h. Chronic exposure to IR altered larval behaviour in a light-dark locomotor test and affected cardiac activity at a dose rate as low as 0.5 mGy/h. The multi-omics analysis of transcriptome, proteome and transcription factor binding sites in the promoters of the deregulated genes, collectively points towards perturbations of neurogenesis, muscle development, and retinoic acid (RA) signaling after chronic exposure to IR. Whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization confirmed the impaired expression of the transcription factors her4.4 in the central nervous system and myogenin in the developing muscles of exposed embryos. At the organ level, the assessment of muscle histology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated myofibers disruption and altered neuromuscular junctions in exposed larvae at 5 mGy/h and 50 mGy/h. The integration of these multi-level data demonstrates that chronic exposure to low dose rates of IR has an impact on neuronal and muscle progenitor cells, that could lead to motility defects in free swimming larvae at 120 hpf. The mechanistic understanding of these effects allows us to propose a model where deregulation of RA signaling by chronic exposure to IR has pleiotropic effects on neurogenesis and muscle development.

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