scholarly journals The relationship between nuclear DNA content and centromere volume in higher plants

1981 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Bennett ◽  
J.B. Smith ◽  
J. Ward ◽  
G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Nuclear Volume ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Single Chromosome

The total volume of centromeres per nucleus varies widely within Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (7-fold) and between 11 higher plant species (24-fold). Such variation is closely correlated with nuclear DNA content, nuclear volume and, to a lesser extent, the total volume of nucleoli per nucleus. Centromere volume reflects minor intraspecific developmental fluctuations in nuclear size independent of variation in nuclear DNA content, but variation in nuclear DNA plays the major role in determining centromere volume. Thus, in general a given total volume of centromeric material is apparently characteristic of an approximately constant nuclear volume and mass of nuclear DNA, but largely independent of chromosome number. The range of volume of single centromeres in 4 taxa corresponds with the ranges of their single chromosome lengths or chromosome DNA contents. The centromere is, therefore, not a unit structure of constant size and mass but a chromosome segment whose highly variable volume closely reflects the volume and mass of the chromosome to which it belongs. The correlation between centromere size and chromosome size and DNA content is potentially useful for identifying single centromeres in unsquashed interphase and dividing nuclei; thereby facilitating studies of the intranuclear disposition of chromosomes. The present results for centromeres provide probably the first example to indicate that variation in the total DNA content of small segments present on each chromosome sometimes varies directly in proportion to large interspecific variation in nuclear DNA C-value. The close correlation between centromere volume, and nuclear DNA content is probably nucleotypic in origin. The functional significance of the variation in centromere volume is unknown, as is the nature of the mechanism which determines that centromere volume closely reflects nuclear and chromosome size and mass.

scholarly journals Miscanthus: Inter- and Intraspecific Genome Size Variation Among M. × Giganteus, M. Sinensis, M. Sacchariflorus Accessions

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Sandra Cichorz ◽  
Maria Gośka ◽  
Monika Rewers
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Cytological Characteristics ◽  
Stomatal Length

AbstractSinceM. sinensisAnderss.,M. sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Hack. andM. ×giganteusJ.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize have considerably the highest potential for biomass production amongMiscanthusAnderss. species, there is an urgent need to broaden the knowledge about cytological characteristics required for their improvement. In this study our objectives were to assess the genome size variation among eighteenMiscanthusaccessions, as well as estimation of the monoploid genome size (2C and Cx) of theM. sinensiscultivars, which have not been analyzed yet. The characterization of threeMiscanthusspecies was performed with the use of flow cytometry and analysis of the stomatal length. The triploid (2n = 3x = 57)M. sinensis‘Goliath’ andM. ×giganteusclones possessed the highest 2C DNA content (8.34 pg and 7.43 pg, respectively). The intermediate 2C-values were found in the nuclei of the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sinensisaccessions (5.52–5.72 pg), whereas they were the lowest in the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sacchariflorusecotypes (4.58–4.59 pg). The presented study revealed interspecific variation of nuclear DNA content (P<0.01) and therefore allowed for recognition of particular taxa, inter- and intraspecific hybrids and prediction of potential parental components. Moreover, intraspecific genome size variation (P<0.01) was observed inM. sinensiscultivars at 3.62%. The values of the stomatal size obtained for the triploidM. ×giganteus‘Great Britain’ (mean 30.70 μm) or ‘Canada’ (mean 29.67 μm) and diploidM. sinensis‘Graziella’ (mean 29.96 μm) did not differ significantly, therefore this parameter is not recommended for ploidy estimation.

DNA content in Tradescantia

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Martínez ◽  
Héctor D. Ginzo
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Chromosome Size ◽  
Polyploid Complex ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Vegetative Adaptation ◽  
The Relationship

There is a wide variation in the nuclear DNA content and chromosome size between the species belonging to the T. crassifolia and T. virginiana alliances (all the species but one are native to Central and North America). Also the DNA content per genome decreases when the ploidy level increases within the same specific polyploid complex with three ploidy levels (2x, 4x, and 6x). In contrast, no variation was found in the DNA content per genome between different ploidy levels in the T. fluminensis alliance (all the species are native to South America) where they range from 6x to 22x. Since all the species described here are perennials with various life forms, it was possible to analyze the relationship between the DNA content and their vegetative adaptation to the environment. The more specialized species (geophytes and hemicryptophytes) have a higher amount of DNA than the chamaephytes adapted to live in relatively more mesic regions. In the species living in Central and North America there is a positive correlation between the increase in DNA content and the latitude of their native regions.Key words: Tradescantia, DNA content, geographical distribution, life forms, polyploidy.

scholarly journals Estimates of nuclear DNA content in 98 species of brown algae (Phaeophyta)

AoB Plants ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Phillips ◽  
Donald F. Kapraun ◽  
Amelia Gómez Garreta ◽  
M. Antonia Ribera Siguan ◽  
Jorde L. Rull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Content Range

Abstract Background and aims Brown algae are critical components of marine ecosystems around the world. However, the genome of only one species of the class has so far been sequenced. This contrasts with numerous sequences available for model organisms such as higher plants, flies or worms. The present communication expands our coverage of DNA content information to 98 species of brown algae with a view to facilitating further genomic investigations of the class. Methodology The DNA-localizing fluorochrome DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and the red blood cell (chicken erythrocyte) standard were used to estimate 2C values by static microspectrophotometry. Principal results 2C DNA contents are reported for 98 species of brown algae, almost doubling the number of estimates available for the class. The present results also expand the reported DNA content range to 0.2–3.6 pg, with several species of Fucales and Laminariales containing apparent polyploid genomes with 2C = 1.8–3.6 pg. Conclusions The data provide DNA content values for 12 of the 19 recognized orders of brown algae spanning the breadth of the class. Despite earlier contentions concerning DNA content and the presence of oogamy, the present results do not support a correlation between phylogenetic placement and genome size. The closest sister groups to the brown algae have genome sizes on the order of 0.3 pg (e.g. Schizocladiophyceae), suggesting that this may be the ancestral genome size. However, DNA content ranges widely across the class.

scholarly journals NUCLEAR VOLUME, NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT AND RADIOSENSITIVITY IN BRASSICA AND ALLIED GENERA

1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoriko Yamaguchi ◽  
Shigesaburo Tsunoda
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Volume

Analysis of Nuclear DNA Content and Ploidy in Higher Plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Galbraith ◽  
Georgina M. Lambert ◽  
Jiri Macas ◽  
Jaroslav Dolezel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content

Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in papillary and follicular thyroid cancer

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap F. Hamming ◽  
Lodewijk J. D. M. Schelfhout ◽  
Cees J. Cornelisse ◽  
Cornelis J. H. van de Velde ◽  
Bernard M. Goslings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Follicular Thyroid Cancer

Estimation of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry in fishes of the genus Xiphophorus

1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence R. Tiersch ◽  
Robert W. Chandler ◽  
Klaus D. Kallman ◽  
Stephen S. Wachtel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document