scholarly journals Automated morphometric analysis by SMorph reveals plasticity induced by antidepressant therapy in hippocampal astrocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Sethi ◽  
Garima Virmani ◽  
Kushaan Gupta ◽  
Surya Chandra Rao Thumu ◽  
Narendrakumar Ramanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
System Development ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Sholl Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Astrocytes

Nervous system development and plasticity involve changes in cellular morphology, making morphological analysis a valuable exercise in the study of nervous system development, function and disease. Morphological analysis is a time-consuming exercise requiring meticulous manual tracing of cellular contours and extensions. We have developed a software tool, called SMorph, to rapidly analyze the morphology of cells of the nervous system. SMorph performs completely automated Sholl analysis. It extracts 23 morphometric features based on cell images and Sholl analysis parameters, followed by Principal Component Analysis. SMorph is tested on neurons, astrocytes and microglia and reveals subtle changes in cell morphology. Using SMorph, we found that chronic 21-day treatment with antidepressant desipramine results in a significant structural remodeling in hippocampal astrocytes in mice. Given the proposed involvement of astroglial structural changes and atrophy in major depression in humans, our results reveal a novel kind of structural plasticity induced by chronic antidepressant administration.

scholarly journals Automated Morphometric Analysis Reveals Plasticity Induced by Chronic Antidepressant Treatment in Hippocampal Astrocytes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parul Sethi ◽  
Garima Virmani ◽  
Surya Chandra Rao Thumu ◽  
Narendrakumar Ramanan ◽  
Swananda Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
System Development ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Sholl Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Astrocytes

AbstractNervous system development and plasticity involves changes in cellular morphology, making morphological analysis a valuable exercise in the study of nervous system development, function and disease. Morphological analysis is a time-consuming exercise requiring meticulous manual tracing of cellular contours and extensions. We have developed a software tool, called SMorph, to rapidly analyse the morphology of cells of the nervous system. SMorph performs completely automated Sholl analysis. It extracts 23 morphometric features based on cell images and Sholl analysis parameters, followed by Principal Component Analysis. SMorph is tested on neurons, astrocytes and microglia and reveals subtle changes in cell morphology. Using SMorph, we found that chronic 21-day treatment with antidepressant desipramine results in a significant structural remodeling in hippocampal astrocytes. Given the proposed involvement of astroglial structural changes and atrophy in major depression in humans, our results reveal a novel kind of structural plasticity induced by chronic antidepressant administration.

Antenatal Glucocorticoids Supplementation and Central Nervous System Development

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Diego Gazzolo ◽  
Laura D. Serpero ◽  
Alessandro Frigiola ◽  
Raul Abella ◽  
Alessandro Giamberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Central Nervous System Development

scholarly journals Incorporation of 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine into DNA and Proliferative Behavior of Cerebellar Neuroblasts: All That Glitters Is Not Gold

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1453
Author(s):  
Joaquín Martí-Clúa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Repeated Doses ◽  
Pyrimidine Analog

The synthetic halogenated pyrimidine analog, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), is a marker of DNA synthesis. This exogenous nucleoside has generated important insights into the cellular mechanisms of the central nervous system development in a variety of animals including insects, birds, and mammals. Despite this, the detrimental effects of the incorporation of BrdU into DNA on proliferation and viability of different types of cells has been frequently neglected. This review will summarize and present the effects of a pulse of BrdU, at doses ranging from 25 to 300 µg/g, or repeated injections. The latter, following the method of the progressively delayed labeling comprehensive procedure. The prenatal and perinatal development of the cerebellum are studied. These current data have implications for the interpretation of the results obtained by this marker as an index of the generation, migration, and settled pattern of neurons in the developing central nervous system. Caution should be exercised when interpreting the results obtained using BrdU. This is particularly important when high or repeated doses of this agent are injected. I hope that this review sheds light on the effects of this toxic maker. It may be used as a reference for toxicologists and neurobiologists given the broad use of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine to label dividing cells.

Editorial overview: Microtubules in nervous system development

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-230
Author(s):  
Frank Bradke ◽  
Antonina Roll‐Mecak
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development

scholarly journals Neurons interact with the microbiome: an evolutionary-informed perspective

Neuroforum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Giez ◽  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Thomas C. G. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function

Abstract Animals have evolved within the framework of microbes and are constantly exposed to diverse microbiota. Microbes colonize most, if not all, animal epithelia and influence the activity of many organs, including the nervous system. Therefore, any consideration on nervous system development and function in the absence of the recognition of microbes will be incomplete. Here, we review the current knowledge on the nervous systems of Hydra and its role in the host–microbiome communication. We show that recent advances in molecular and imaging methods are allowing a comprehensive understanding of the capacity of such a seemingly simple nervous system in the context of the metaorganism. We propose that the development, function and evolution of neural circuits must be considered in the context of host–microbe interactions and present Hydra as a strategic model system with great basic and translational relevance for neuroscience.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review: Sphingolipid Metabolism and Implications of Disruption in Sphingolipid Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5793
Author(s):  
Brianna M. Quinville ◽  
Natalie M. Deschenes ◽  
Alex E. Ryckman ◽  
Jagdeep S. Walia
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Development ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Comprehensive Review

Sphingolipids are a specialized group of lipids essential to the composition of the plasma membrane of many cell types; however, they are primarily localized within the nervous system. The amphipathic properties of sphingolipids enable their participation in a variety of intricate metabolic pathways. Sphingoid bases are the building blocks for all sphingolipid derivatives, comprising a complex class of lipids. The biosynthesis and catabolism of these lipids play an integral role in small- and large-scale body functions, including participation in membrane domains and signalling; cell proliferation, death, migration, and invasiveness; inflammation; and central nervous system development. Recently, sphingolipids have become the focus of several fields of research in the medical and biological sciences, as these bioactive lipids have been identified as potent signalling and messenger molecules. Sphingolipids are now being exploited as therapeutic targets for several pathologies. Here we present a comprehensive review of the structure and metabolism of sphingolipids and their many functional roles within the cell. In addition, we highlight the role of sphingolipids in several pathologies, including inflammatory disease, cystic fibrosis, cancer, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, and lysosomal storage disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document