scholarly journals A piggybacking mechanism enables peroxisomal localization of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme Mdh2 in yeast

2020 ◽  
pp. jcs.244376
Author(s):  
Shiran Gabay-Maskit ◽  
Luis Daniel Cruz-Zaragoza ◽  
Nadav Shai ◽  
Miriam Eisenstein ◽  
Chen Bibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
Dual Localization ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

Eukaryotic cells evolved organelles that allow the compartmentalization and regulation of metabolic processes. Knowledge on molecular mechanisms that allow temporal and spatial organization of enzymes within organelles is therefore critical for understanding eukaryotic metabolism. Here we show that the yeast malate dehydrogenase 2 (Mdh2) is dually localized to the cytosol and to peroxisomes and is targeted to peroxisomes via association with Mdh3 and a Pex5-dependent piggybacking mechanism. The dual localization of Mdh2 contributes to our understanding of the glyoxylate cycle and provides a new perspective on compartmentalization of cellular metabolism, which is critical for the perception of metabolic disorders and aging.

The glyoxylate cycle enzyme activities in the pathogenic isolates of Candida albicans obtained from HIV/AIDS, diabetic and burn patients

Mycoses ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Abdul Lattif ◽  
Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Uma Banerjee ◽  
Nivedita Gupta ◽  
Sameer Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Hiv Aids

Comparative analysis of Botrytis cinerea in response to the microbial secondary metabolite benzothiazole using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaidi Cui ◽  
Leiming He ◽  
Yunhe Zhao ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

Benzothiazole is a microbial volatile compound with strong antifungal activity against the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea, but its mode of action against fungi remains largely unknown. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity could aid the design and synthesis of new similar compounds against pathogenic fungi. Based on the results of morphological and antifungal activity assays, B. cinerea was exposed to 2.5 μL/L benzothiazole for 12, 24 and 48 h, and an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis showed that 378 out of 5,110 identified proteins were differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The majority of these DEPs were associated with carbohydrate metabolism, oxidation-reduction processes and energy production. Further analysis showed that benzothiazole inhibited mitochondrial membrane organization and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of B. cinerea. In addition, the key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle were downregulated after benzothiazole treatment, and a biochemical analysis indicated that the inhibition of the glyoxylate cycle by benzothiazole blocked nutrient availability and interfered with ATP generation. This study provides markers for future research of the molecular responses of B. cinerea to benzothiazole stress.

scholarly journals Autophagic Machinery of Plant Peroxisomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Borek ◽  
Szymon Stefaniak ◽  
Jan Śliwiński ◽  
Małgorzata Garnczarska ◽  
Małgorzata Pietrowska-Borek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Selective Degradation ◽  
Leaf Peroxisomes ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

Peroxisomes are cell organelles that play an important role in plants in many physiological and developmental processes. The plant peroxisomes harbor enzymes of the β-oxidation of fatty acids and the glyoxylate cycle; photorespiration; detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species; as well as biosynthesis of hormones and signal molecules. The function of peroxisomes in plant cells changes during plant growth and development. They are transformed from organelles involved in storage lipid breakdown during seed germination and seedling growth into leaf peroxisomes involved in photorespiration in green parts of the plant. Additionally, intensive oxidative metabolism of peroxisomes causes damage to their components. Therefore, unnecessary or damaged peroxisomes are degraded by selective autophagy, called pexophagy. This is an important element of the quality control system of peroxisomes in plant cells. Despite the fact that the mechanism of pexophagy has already been described for yeasts and mammals, the molecular mechanisms by which plant cells recognize peroxisomes that will be degraded via pexophagy still remain unclear. It seems that a plant-specific mechanism exists for the selective degradation of peroxisomes. In this review, we describe the physiological role of pexophagy in plant cells and the current hypotheses concerning the mechanism of plant pexophagy.

Effect of Leaf Senescence on Glyoxylate Cycle Enzyme Activities

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pistelli ◽  
P Perata ◽  
A Alpi
Keyword(s):  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
Hydroxypyruvate Reductase ◽  
Foliar Senescence ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

In order to elucidate the metabolism of the peroxisomes during foliar senescence of leaf beet (Beta vulgaris L., var. cicla), peroxisomal activities have been determined at various stages of senescence. Catalase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities decreased whereas those of the β-oxidation pathway and glyoxylate cycle enzymes increased at the same time. The increased activities of malate synthase, isocitrate lyase, malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase indicate that the glyoxylate cycle might be activated during the foliar senescence of leaf beet.

Pathways of glucose catabolism in the smut fungus Ustilago violacea

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Held ◽  
Manuel Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Smut Fungus ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
Ustilago Violacea ◽  
Glucose Catabolism ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

The pathways of glucose catabolism were examined in haploid and diploid strains of the smut fungus Ustilago violacea. Radiorespirometric studies indicated that both of the haploid mating types and diploid strains of this basidiomycete catabolized glucose through the Embden–Meyerhof and hexose monophosphate shunt pathways. The Entner–Doudoroff pathway was not utilized by any of the strains examined. Radiorespirometric data also suggested functioning of an active tricarboxylic acid cycle. In vitro enzyme assays established the presence in this organism of all the enzymes integral to the operative pathways plus the presence of the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle. Enzyme activities specific to the Entner–Doudoroff pathway were not detected. No major differences in the routes of glucose dissimilation were found between the two haploid mating types or between haploid and diploid forms of this organism.

scholarly journals Lipid Utilization, Gluconeogenesis, and Seedling Growth inArabidopsisMutants Lacking the Glyoxylate Cycle Enzyme Malate Synthase

2004 ◽  
Vol 279 (41) ◽  
pp. 42916-42923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna E. Cornah ◽  
Véronique Germain ◽  
Jane L. Ward ◽  
Michael H. Beale ◽  
Steven M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Cycle Enzyme ◽  
Lipid Utilization ◽  
The Glyoxylate Cycle

scholarly journals The Landscape of microRNAs in βCell: Between Phenotype Maintenance and Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Emanuela Grieco ◽  
Noemi Brusco ◽  
Giada Licata ◽  
Daniela Fignani ◽  
Caterina Formichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
Shed Light

Diabetes mellitus is a group of heterogeneous metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia mainly due to pancreatic β cell death and/or dysfunction, caused by several types of stress such as glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity and inflammation. Different patho-physiological mechanisms driving β cell response to these stresses are tightly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of negative regulators of gene expression, involved in pathogenic mechanisms occurring in diabetes and in its complications. In this review, we aim to shed light on the most important miRNAs regulating the maintenance and the robustness of β cell identity, as well as on those miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of the two main forms of diabetes mellitus, i.e., type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, we acknowledge that the understanding of miRNAs-regulated molecular mechanisms is fundamental in order to develop specific and effective strategies based on miRNAs as therapeutic targets, employing innovative molecules.

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