scholarly journals CLIC4 is a cytokinetic cleavage furrow protein that regulates cortical cytoskeleton stability during cell division

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (9) ◽  
pp. jcs241117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Peterman ◽  
Mindaugas Valius ◽  
Rytis Prekeris
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Cortical Cytoskeleton

scholarly journals CLIC4 is a cytokinetic cleavage furrow protein that regulates cortical cytoskeleton stability during cell division

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Peterman ◽  
Mindaugas Valius ◽  
Rytis Prekeris
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Intercellular Bridge ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Mitotic Cell Division ◽  
Actomyosin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Cortical Cytoskeleton

AbstractDuring mitotic cell division, the actomyosin cytoskeleton undergoes several dynamic changes that play key roles in progression through mitosis. While the regulators of cytokinetic ring formation and contraction are well-established, proteins that regulate cortical stability during anaphase and telophase have been understudied. Here, we describe a role for CLIC4 in regulating actin and actin-regulators at the cortex and cytokinetic cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. We first describe CLIC4 as a new component of the cytokinetic cleavage furrow that is required for successful completion of mitotic cell division. We also demonstrate that CLIC4 regulates the remodeling of sub-plasma membrane actomyosin network within the furrow by recruiting MST4 kinase and regulating ezrin phosphorylation. This work identifies and characterizes new molecular players involved in the transition from the contracting cytokinetic ring to the intercellular bridge during cytokinesis.

Nocodazole and cytochalasin D induce tetraploidy in mammalian cells

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (1) ◽  
pp. C154-C156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Zieve
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cytochalasin D ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Reversible Inhibitor ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Synchronized Cells ◽  
Cells In Culture ◽  
Wide Range

Nocodazole, a rapidly reversible inhibitor of microtubule assembly is useful for preparing mammalian cells synchronized at all stages of mitosis. When synchronized cells are allowed to progress through mitosis in the presence of cytochalasin D, the cleavage furrow is inhibited and dikaryon cells are formed. These cells become homogeneous populations of stable mononuclear tetraploid cells after the following cell division. This procedure is applicable to a wide range of mammalian cells in culture.

scholarly journals The ultrastructure of cell division in Euglena gracilis

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
M.A. Gillott ◽  
R.E. Triemer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Prophase Nucleus

The ultrastructure of mitosis in Euglena gracilis was investigated. At preprophase the nucleus migrates anteriorly and associates with the basal bodies. Flagella and basal bodies replicate at preprophase. Cells retain motility throughout division. The reservoir and the prophase nucleus elongate perpendicular to the incipient cleavage furrow. One basal body pair surrounded by a ribosome-free zone is found at each of the nuclear poles. The spindle forms within the intact nuclear envelope- Polar fenestrae are absent. At metaphase, the endosome is elongated from pole to pole, and chromosomes are loosely arranged in the equatorial region. Distinct, trilayered kinetochores are present. Spindle elongates as chromosomes migrate to the poles forming a dumb-bell shaped nucleus by telophase. Daughter nuclei are formed by constriction of the nuclear envelope. Cytokinesis is accomplished by furrowing. Cell division in Euglena is compared with that of certain other algae.

scholarly journals IFT Proteins Accumulate during Cell Division and Localize to the Cleavage Furrow in Chlamydomonas

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e30729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Wood ◽  
Zhaohui Wang ◽  
Dennis Diener ◽  
James Matt Zones ◽  
Joel Rosenbaum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cleavage Furrow

scholarly journals The Mammalian Septin MSF Localizes with Microtubules and Is Required for Completion of Cytokinesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3532-3545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Surka ◽  
Christopher W. Tsang ◽  
William S. Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Central Spindle ◽  
Synchronized Cells ◽  
Binucleated Cells ◽  
And Function

Cytokinesis in animal cells involves the contraction of an actomyosin ring formed at the cleavage furrow. Nuclear division, or karyokinesis, must be precisely timed to occur before cytokinesis in order to prevent genetic anomalies that would result in either cell death or uncontrolled cell division. The septin family of GTPase proteins has been shown to be important for cytokinesis although little is known about their role during this process. Here we investigate the distribution and function of the mammalian septin MSF. We show that during interphase, MSF colocalizes with actin, microtubules, and another mammalian septin, Nedd5, and coprecipitates with six septin proteins. In addition, transfections of various MSF isoforms reveal that MSF-A specifically localizes with microtubules and that this localization is disrupted by nocodazole treatment. Furthermore, MSF isoforms localize primarily with tubulin at the central spindle during mitosis, whereas Nedd5 is mainly associated with actin. Microinjection of affinity-purified anti-MSF antibodies into synchronized cells, or depletion of MSF by small interfering RNAs, results in the accumulation of binucleated cells and in cells that have arrested during cytokinesis. These results reveal that MSF is required for the completion of cytokinesis and suggest a role that is distinct from that of Nedd5.

scholarly journals Psychosine-triggered endomitosis is modulated by membrane sphingolipids through regulation of phosphoinositide 4,5-bisphosphate production at the cleavage furrow

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2037-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Kyohei Okahara ◽  
Yuko Naito-Matsui ◽  
Mitsuhiro Abe ◽  
Shinji Go ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Regulatory Aspects ◽  
Polyploid Cells ◽  
Almost All

Endomitosis is a special type of mitosis in which only cytokinesis—the final step of the cell division cycle—is defective, resulting in polyploid cells. Although endomitosis is biologically important, its regulatory aspects remain elusive. Psychosine, a lysogalactosylceramide, prevents proper cytokinesis when supplemented to proliferating cells. Cytokinetic inhibition by psychosine does not inhibit genome duplication. Consequently cells undergo multiple rounds of endomitotic cell cycles, resulting in the formation of giant multiploid cells. Here we successfully quantified psychosine-triggered multiploid cell formation, showing that membrane sphingolipids ratios modulate psychosine-triggered polyploidy in Namalwa cells. Among enzymes that experimentally remodel cellular sphingolipids, overexpression of glucosylceramide synthase to biosynthesize glycosylsphingolipids (GSLs) and neutral sphingomyelinase 2 to hydrolyze sphingomyelin (SM) additively enhanced psychosine-triggered multiploidy; almost all of the cells became polyploid. In the presence of psychosine, Namalwa cells showed attenuated cell surface SM clustering and suppression of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate production at the cleavage furrow, both important processes for cytokinesis. Depending on the sphingolipid balance between GSLs and SM, Namalwa cells could be effectively converted to viable multiploid cells with psychosine.

The Mechanism of Cell-Division

1927 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
J. GRAY
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Average Velocity ◽  
Cleavage Plane ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
The Third ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Whole Egg

1. The nucleolus in the nucleus of an Echinus oocyte always orientates itself gravitationally on the floor of the nucleus. When the oocyte is disturbed the nucleolus falls through the fluid contents of the nucleus with an average velocity of 0.4 µ per sec. 2. Gravity has no direct action on the direction of the cleavage planes in Echinus eggs, but it orientates the whole egg within the fertilisation membrane. 3. During the first cleavage the mitotic axis can lie in any position in respect to gravity, but if its position deviates appreciably from the horizontal then (as soon as the cell elongates by cleavage) the whole egg moves so as to bring its centre of gravity into equilibrium with gravity and with the frictional forces acting between the egg and the fertilisation membrane. 4. During the second cleavage the mitotic axis must lie in a plane parallel to the first cleavage furrow in conformity with Hertwig's Law. If its position deviates from the horizontal, then the egg orientates itself to gravity. In this way the second division gives rise to four blastomeres resting as a flat plate on the floor of the fertilisation membrane, independently of whatever position was occupied by the mitotic axis. 5. The third cleavage is also in accord with Hertwig's Law and no gravitational disturbances occur. 6. The direction of each cleavage plane is determined by the resultant of three factors: (a) the forces underlying Hertwig's law, (b) gravity, (c) friction between the egg and its fertilisation membrane.

Expression of MTPG-24, a Peptide Derived from a Protein Regulating Dynamic Changes in Cortical Actin, Induces Endomitotic Replication in Megakaryocytic Cells.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4237-4237
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ste-Marie ◽  
Carl Simard ◽  
Serge Côté
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Human Cord Blood ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Putative Site ◽  
In Cells

Abstract Prior to the fragmentation of their cytoplasm leading to platelet formation, differentiating megakaryocytes (MKs) increase their ploidy and cellular volume by undergoing repeated rounds of DNA replication without concomitant cell division, a process known as endomitosis. There is now accumulating evidence that endomitotic MKs develop as a result of aberrant regulation of the cleavage furrow formation, the site where dynamic changes in actin, myosin and membrane structure mediate the process of cytokinesis during animal cell division. Here we report that transfection of human megakaryocytic cell lines with vectors expressing a 24mer-peptide (MTPG-24) resulted in remarkable changes in morphology, resulting in cells with the appearance of mature polyploid megakaryocytes. MTPG-24 is derived from a protein involved in regulating actin-based structures and motility which possesses a putative site for PKA phosphorylation. Despite its hydrophilic primary structure, MTPG-24 fused to a fluorescent tag was detected closely associated to the plasma membrane where it accumulated in a punctuate pattern, in addition to co-localizing with a Golgi marker. Interestingly, in each recombinant clone, cells with different ploidy levels developed among normally dividing ones, suggesting that transit from a mitotic cycle to an endomitotic cycle seemed to only occur in cells having completed a given number of cell cycles. These effects were obtained independently of the nature of the tag fused to the peptide (Hemagglutinin, Orange protein, GFP) but were not observed with a control peptide in which the amino acids of MTPG-24 were disposed in an arbitrarily sequence. Because it possibly interferes with some effector molecules required for cleavage furrow membrane assembly in late anaphase, MTPG-24 provides thus a new tool for understanding the molecular basis of endomitosis. Furthermore, since there is a correlation between DNA content and the numbers of platelets released by MK, we are currently testing whether this peptide could be used to increase the ploidy level of CD34+ human cord blood-derived MKs which have a low propensity to become highly polyploid.

scholarly journals KIF14 and citron kinase act together to promote efficient cytokinesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Gruneberg ◽  
Rüdiger Neef ◽  
Xiuling Li ◽  
Eunice H.Y. Chan ◽  
Ravindra B. Chalamalasetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Human Cell ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
General Requirement ◽  
Central Spindle ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Essential Function ◽  
Citron Kinase

Multiple mitotic kinesins and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) act in concert to direct cytokinesis (Glotzer, M. 2005. Science. 307:1735–1739). In anaphase cells, many of these proteins associate with an antiparallel array of microtubules termed the central spindle. The MAP and microtubule-bundling protein PRC1 (protein-regulating cytokinesis 1) is one of the key molecules required for the integrity of this structure (Jiang, W., G. Jimenez, N.J. Wells, T.J. Hope, G.M. Wahl, T. Hunter, and R. Fukunaga. 1998. Mol. Cell. 2:877–885; Mollinari, C., J.P. Kleman, W. Jiang, G. Schoehn, T. Hunter, and R.L. Margolis. 2002. J. Cell Biol. 157:1175–1186). In this study, we identify an interaction between endogenous PRC1 and the previously uncharacterized kinesin KIF14 as well as other mitotic kinesins (MKlp1/CHO1, MKlp2, and KIF4) with known functions in cytokinesis (Hill, E., M. Clarke, and F.A. Barr. 2000. EMBO J. 19:5711–5719; Matuliene, J., and R. Kuriyama. 2002. Mol. Biol. Cell. 13:1832–1845; Kurasawa, Y., W.C. Earnshaw, Y. Mochizuki, N. Dohmae, and K. Todokoro. 2004. EMBO J. 23:3237–3248). We find that KIF14 targets to the central spindle via its interaction with PRC1 and has an essential function in cytokinesis. In KIF14-depleted cells, citron kinase but not other components of the central spindle and cleavage furrow fail to localize. Furthermore, the localization of KIF14 and citron kinase to the central spindle and midbody is codependent, and they form a complex depending on the activation state of citron kinase. Contrary to a previous study (Di Cunto, F., S. Imarisio, E. Hirsch, V. Broccoli, A. Bulfone, A. Migheli, C. Atzori, E. Turco, R. Triolo, G.P. Dotto, et al. 2000. Neuron. 28:115–127), we find a general requirement for citron kinase in human cell division. Together, these findings identify a novel pathway required for efficient cytokinesis.

scholarly journals Planar cell polarity signaling coordinates oriented cell division and cell rearrangement in clonally expanding growth plate cartilage

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Li ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Jason Junge ◽  
Marianne Bronner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Cleavage Furrow ◽  
Tissue Architecture ◽  
Oriented Cell Division ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Single Column ◽  
Sister Cells

Both oriented cell divisions and cell rearrangements are critical for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. However, little is known about how these two cellular events are integrated. Here we examine the linkage between these processes in chick limb cartilage. By combining retroviral-based multicolor clonal analysis with live imaging, the results show that single chondrocyte precursors can generate both single-column and multi-column clones through oriented division followed by cell rearrangements. Focusing on single column formation, we show that this stereotypical tissue architecture is established by a pivot-like process between sister cells. After mediolateral cell division, N-cadherin is enriched in the post-cleavage furrow; then one cell pivots around the other, resulting in stacking into a column. Perturbation analyses demonstrate that planar cell polarity signaling enables cells to pivot in the direction of limb elongation via this N-cadherin-mediated coupling. Our work provides new insights into the mechanisms generating appropriate tissue architecture of limb skeleton.

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