scholarly journals The route of the visual receptor rhodopsin along the cilium

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (10) ◽  
pp. jcs229526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chadha ◽  
Stefanie Volland ◽  
Natella V. Baliaouri ◽  
Elaine M. Tran ◽  
David S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Visual Receptor

Response : Visual Receptor Lamellation and Active Rhodopsin

Science ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 120 (3122) ◽  
pp. 723-723
Author(s):  
George Wald
Keyword(s):  
Visual Receptor

Simulation of a Visual Receptor Network

1965 ◽  
Vol BME-12 (3 and 4) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Beddoes ◽  
D. J. Connor ◽  
Z. A. Melzak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Receptor

Rhodopsin Rotates in the Visual Receptor Membrane

1972 ◽  
Vol 236 (63) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL K. BROWN
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Membrane ◽  
Visual Receptor

Visual Receptor Transduction

1987 ◽  
Vol 494 (1 Third Colloqu) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL A. LIEBMAN
Keyword(s):  
Visual Receptor

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation as a Therapeutic Target in Retinitis Pigmentosa and Quercetin as Its Potential Modulator

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1935
Author(s):  
Joseph Thomas Ortega ◽  
Beata Jastrzebska
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Rod Photoreceptors ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Visual Receptor

The retina is a multilayer neuronal tissue located in the back of the eye that transduces the environmental light into a neural impulse. Many eye diseases caused by endogenous or exogenous harm lead to retina degeneration with neuroinflammation being a major hallmark of these pathologies. One of the most prevalent retinopathies is retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary disorder that causes a decline in vision and eventually blindness. Most RP cases are related to mutations in the rod visual receptor, rhodopsin. The mutant protein triggers inflammatory reactions resulting in the activation of microglia to clear degenerating photoreceptor cells. However, sustained insult caused by the abnormal genetic background exacerbates the inflammatory response and increases oxidative stress in the retina, leading to a decline in rod photoreceptors followed by cone photoreceptors. Thus, inhibition of inflammation in RP has received attention and has been explored as a potential therapeutic strategy. However, pharmacological modulation of the retinal inflammatory response in combination with rhodopsin small molecule chaperones would likely be a more advantageous therapeutic approach to combat RP. Flavonoids, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and modulate the stability and folding of rod opsin, could be a valid option in developing treatment strategies against RP.

ATP mediates rapid reversal of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activation in visual receptor membranes

Nature ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 287 (5784) ◽  
pp. 734-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Liebman ◽  
E. N. Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Rapid Reversal ◽  
Visual Receptor

Visual receptor cycle in normal and period mutant Drosophila: Microspectrophotometry, electrophysiology, and ultrastructural morphometry

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Mao Chen ◽  
J. Scott Christianson ◽  
Randall J. Sapp ◽  
William S. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Visual Pigment ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Light Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphometry ◽  
Em Morphometry ◽  
Visual Receptor

AbstractVisual pigment, sensitivity, and rhabdomere size were measured throughout a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle in Drosophila. Visual pigment and sensitivity were measured during subsequent constant darkness [dark/dark (D/D)]. MSP (microspectrophotometry) and the ERG (electroretinogram) revealed a cycling of visual pigment and sensitivity, respectively. A visual pigment decrease of 40% was noted at 4 h after light onset that recovered 2–4 h later in white-eyed (otherwise wild-type, w per+) flies. The ERG sensitivity [in w per+ flies in light/dark (L/D)] decreased by 75% at 4 h after light onset, more than expected if mediated by visual pigment (MSP) changes alone. ERG sensitivity begins decreasing 8 h before light onset while decreases in visual pigment begin 2 h after light onset. These cycles continue in constant darkness (D/D), suggesting a circadian rhythm. White-eyed period (per) mutants show similar cycles of visual pigment level and sensitivity in L/D; per's alterations, if any on the D/D cycles were subtle. The cross-sectional areas of rhabdomeres in w per+ were measured using electron micrographic (EM) morphometry. Area changed little through the L/D cycle.

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