A localized region of basal body proliferation in growing cells of Dileptus visscheri (ciliata, gymnostomate)

1976 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
J. Kink
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Large Numbers

In the ciliate Dileptus organisms are completely organized at the time of excystation. They grow intensively, increasing in volume several times, before they reach the trophic cell size. The growth includes both the somatic part of the body as well as the oral parts, consisting of the cytostomal field and the ventral band of the proboscis. From the time of excystation, during the growth of the cell, the oral apparatus is able to capture and ingest food. Growth of an oral apparatus while functioning has not previously been reported in cilates. The proliferation of new oral kinetosomes in the growing oral apparatus occurs only in the cytostomal field. There is no proliferation of ciliature in the oral kineties of the growing proboscis. In those regions of the somatic kineties bordering the cytostomal field an extensive proliferation of somatic ciliature takes place. The zone of proliferation common to the oral and somatic ciliature supplies new kinetosomes for the elongating proboscis, the growing oral apparatus and the growth of the rest of the body. The mode of proliferation of the oral kinetosomes differs from that of the somatic kinetosomes. The oral kinetosomes form randomly in large numbers, appearing similar to an anarchic field such as is found in other ciliates. The somatic kinetosomes always arise singly and in a defined position in relation to the mature kinetosome. The proliferation of basal bodies in a defined area in Dileptus suggests the existence of a growth zone localized around the cytostomal field.

Evidence for the presence of DNA at basal body sites in Tetrahymena pyriformis

1965 ◽  
Vol 162 (989) ◽  
pp. 473-491 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Tritiated Thymidine ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Temperature Shock ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The reasons that have led to a search for DNA in the basal body of Tetrahymena pyriformis are twofold: the well-known property of proliferation of this organelle and the possibility that basal body DNA might be involved in its morphogenesis. After a brief review of earlier work the methods employed in this paper are described. To ensure large numbers of cells in a particular state of development organisms were grown in synchronized culture. Animals required for autoradiographic studies were appropriately treated with tritiated thymidine. All investigations were made on the cell cortex or 'ghost’ in order to avoid confusion from cell contents. In addition to autoradiography of ghosts, tests were made with acridine orange in the fluorescence microscope. It is concluded from fluorescence tests that basal bodies of T. pyriformis strain S contain DNA . This DNA is not detectable for the first 2h of the temperature-shock cycle, but is detect­able thereafter until cell division. The presence of DNA is confirmed by the autoradiography experiments. The amount of DNA per basal body is estimated very roughly in order of magnitude as 2 × 10 -16 g. The origin of basal body DNA is discussed and the possibilities and consequences of the existence of DNA in the homologous centriole are examined in terms of the mitotic cycle, the amoeba-flagellate transformation in Naegleria , and artificial parthenogenesis. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the genetic implications of basal body DNA .

Sensory Receptors and Epidermal Structures of a Meiofaunal Turbellarian (Proseriata, Monocelididae, Minoninae)

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Rohde ◽  
NA Watson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Body ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Eastern Australia

The senogram (set of sensory receptors) of a proseriate turbellarian from the meiofauna of a high-energy beach in south-eastern Australia is described, based on serial ultrathin sections. It comprises a pair of rhabdomeric eyes that lack a pigment cup, a statocyst located ventro-anteriorly to the brain and consisting of one lithocyte with a single ovoid statolith in the electron-lucent cytoplasm, several parietal and accessory cells and nerve fibres penetrating the statocyst capsule, and at least eight (and possibly eleven) types of epidermal receptors: A, an anterior and antero-lateral receptor with basal bodies and strongly branched processes (modified cilia); B, an 'insunk' collar receptor in all parts of the body surface, with eight microvilli surrounding the single cilium; C, a ciliary bundle arising from basal bodies at the base of a deep pit, in anterior third of body; D, a bundle of dendrites, reaching the surface, in anterior third of body, possibly a protonephridial pore; E, a multiciliate receptor with long branched ciliary rootlets, in anterior and antero-lateral part of body; F, as for E but with a single rootlet; G, as for F but with a vertical and an oblique rootlet arising from the basal body (F and G are possibly modifications of E); H, a receptor with a single cilium and short rootlet, somewhat raised above the epidermal surface; I, a pharyngeal receptor with a short cilium; J, a pharyngeal receptor with a long cilium; K, an anterior receptor with a bulbous cilium. A single cilium or up to three cilia surrounded by a cytoplasmic tube may constitute a further receptor type. Most epidermal perikarya are 'insunk', and epidermal cilia have large anteriorly directed, very thin vertical rootlets and short 'spurs' at the basal body. Bundles of rootlets of epidermal cilia converge towards their tips, some tips located close to the epidermal surface; it is suggested that they may be directly stimulated by mechanical stimuli. The variety of receptors indicates that the animal must respond to a complex array of stimuli. It is stressed that morphological studies of sensory receptors are the basis for an understanding of their function and of the ecological requirements of a species.

Analysis of the Anterior Secretory Cells of Onchidohs Muricata (Nudibranchia)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 614-615
Author(s):  
Roy Skidmore
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Vesicles ◽  
High Magnification ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Sole Of The Foot

The long-necked secretory cells in Onchidoris muricata are distributed in the anterior sole of the foot. These cells are interspersed among ciliated columnar and conical cells as well as short-necked secretory gland cells. The long-necked cells contribute a significant amount of mucoid materials to the slime on which the nudibranch travels. The body of these cells is found in the subepidermal tissues. A long process extends across the basal lamina and in between cells of the epidermis to the surface of the foot. The secretory granules travel along the process and their contents are expelled by exocytosis at the foot surface.The contents of the cell body include the nucleus, some endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi body with large numbers of secretory vesicles (Fig. 1). The secretory vesicles are membrane bound and contain a fibrillar matrix. At high magnification the similarity of the contents in the Golgi saccules and the secretory vesicles becomes apparent (Fig. 2).

Ciliary coordination in newt lung cells requires microtubule-based linkages between basal bodies: A correlative light and EM study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
Robert Hard ◽  
Gerald Rupp ◽  
Matthew L. Withiam-Leitch ◽  
Lisa Cardamone
Keyword(s):  
Basal Body ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Power Stroke ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Ciliated Cells

In a coordinated field of beating cilia, the direction of the power stroke is correlated with the orientation of basal body appendages, called basal feet. In newt lung ciliated cells, adjacent basal feet are interconnected by cold-stable microtubules (basal MTs). In the present study, we investigate the hypothesis that these basal MTs stabilize ciliary distribution and alignment. To accomplish this, newt lung primary cultures were treated with the microtubule disrupting agent, Colcemid. In newt lung cultures, cilia normally disperse in a characteristic fashion as the mucociliary epithelium migrates from the tissue explant. Four arbitrary, but progressive stages of dispersion were defined and used to monitor this redistribution process. Ciliaiy beat frequency, coordination, and dispersion were assessed for 91 hrs in untreated (control) and treated cultures. When compared to controls, cilia dispersed more rapidly and ciliary coordination decreased markedly in cultures treated with Colcemid (2 mM). Correlative LM/EM was used to assess whether these effects of Colcemid were coupled to ultrastructural changes. Living cells were defined as having coordinated or uncoordinated cilia and then were processed for transmission EM.

scholarly journals The Bacteriological Examinations of the Faeces in Four Cases of Typhoid Fever, made at frequent intervals for a period of one month

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard P. Lockhart
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Large Numbers

1. The appearance and disappearance of typhoid bacilli in the faeces in these four cases bore no relation to changes in the diet nor to the physical state of the stools, but the later they appeared the shorter was the duration of their appearance.On the disappearance of typhoid bacilli from the stools the intestinal flora tended to become more simple.2. B. coli was the only organism invariably present at every examination.3. Streptococci were very much more abundant in the earlier stages of the disease, when milk formed the greater part of the diet, than in the later stages.4. In two cases where boils occurred on the body the causative organism had previously been isolated in large numbers from the faeces.5. With stools slightly alkaline to litmus the flora in these cases was relatively simple and fermentative in type. There is no apparent advantage, therefore, in giving a high carbohydrate diet except in cases of marked alkalinity and putrefaction.

scholarly journals Organization of the flagellar apparatus and associate cytoplasmic microtubules in the quadriflagellate alga Polytomella agilis.

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
D L Brown ◽  
A Massalski ◽  
R Patenaude
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Flagellar Apparatus ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubule ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
Cytoplasmic Microtubules

The organization of microtubular systems in the quadriflagellate unicell Polytomella agilis has been reconstructed by electron microscopy of serial sections, and the overall arrangement confirmed by immunofluorescent staining using antiserum directed against chick brain tubulin. The basal bodies of the four flagella are shown to be linked in two pairs of short fibers. Light microscopy of swimming cells indicates that the flagella beat in two synchronous pairs, with each pair exhibiting a breast-stroke-like motion. Two structurally distinct flagellar rootlets, one consisting of four microtubules in a 3 over 1 pattern and the other of a striated fiber over two microtubules, terminate between adjacent basal bodies. These rootlets diverge from the basal body region and extend toward the cell posterior, passing just beneath the plasma membrane. Near the anterior part of the cell, all eight rootlets serve as attachment sites for large numbers of cytoplasmic microtubules which occur in a single row around the circumference of the cell and closely parallel the cell shape. It is suggested that the flagellar rootless may function in controlling the patterning and the direction of cytoplasmic microtubule assembly. The occurrence of similar rootlet structures in other flagellates is briefly reviewed.

scholarly journals Multiciliated cell basal bodies align in stereotypical patterns coordinated by the apical cytoskeleton

2016 ◽  
Vol 214 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Herawati ◽  
Daisuke Taniguchi ◽  
Hatsuho Kanoh ◽  
Kazuhiro Tateishi ◽  
Shuji Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Multiciliated Cells ◽  
Alignment Process ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Linear Alignment ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Multiciliated cells (MCCs) promote fluid flow through coordinated ciliary beating, which requires properly organized basal bodies (BBs). Airway MCCs have large numbers of BBs, which are uniformly oriented and, as we show here, align linearly. The mechanism for BB alignment is unexplored. To study this mechanism, we developed a long-term and high-resolution live-imaging system and used it to observe green fluorescent protein–centrin2–labeled BBs in cultured mouse tracheal MCCs. During MCC differentiation, the BB array adopted four stereotypical patterns, from a clustering “floret” pattern to the linear “alignment.” This alignment process was correlated with BB orientations, revealed by double immunostaining for BBs and their asymmetrically associated basal feet (BF). The BB alignment was disrupted by disturbing apical microtubules with nocodazole and by a BF-depleting Odf2 mutation. We constructed a theoretical model, which indicated that the apical cytoskeleton, acting like a viscoelastic fluid, provides a self-organizing mechanism in tracheal MCCs to align BBs linearly for mucociliary transport.

Structural Analysis of Basal Bodies of The Isolated Oral Apparatus of Tetrahymena Pyriformis

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-700
Author(s):  
J. WOLFE
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Basal Plate ◽  
Basal Bodies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ionic Detergent

The oral apparatus of Tetrahymena pyriformis was isolated using a non-ionic detergent to disrupt the cell membrane. The mouth consists largely of basal bodies and microfilaments. Each basal body is attached to the mouth by a basal plate which is integrated into the meshwork of microfilaments that confers upon the oral apparatus its structural integrity. Each basal body is composed of 9 triplet microtubules. Two of the 3 tubules, subfibres ‘A’ and ‘B’ are composed of filamentous rows of globules with a spacing of 4.5nm. The third tubule, subfibre ‘C’, is only one-third the length of the basal body.

Development of surface pattern during division in Paramecium. II. Defective spatial control in the mutant kin241

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jerka-Dziadosz ◽  
N. Garreau de Loubresse ◽  
J. Beisson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Body ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cortical Organization ◽  
Nuclear Reorganization ◽  
In The Wild

kin241 is a monogenic nuclear recessive mutation producing highly pleiotropic effects on cell size and shape, generation time, thermosensitivity, nuclear reorganization and cortical organization. We have analyzed the nature of the cortical disorders and their development during division, using various specific antibodies labelling either one of the cortical cytoskeleton components, as was previously done for analysis of cortical pattern formation in the wild type. Several abnormalities in basal body properties were consistently observed, although with a variable frequency: extra microtubules in either the triplets or in the lumen; nucleation of a second kinetodesmal fiber; abnormal orientation of the newly formed basal body with respect to the mother one. The latter effect seems to account for the major observed cortical disorders (reversal, intercalation of supplementary ciliary rows). The second major effect of the mutation concerns the spatiotemporal map of cortical reorganization during division. Excess basal body proliferation occurs and is correlated with modified boundaries of some of the cortical domains identified in the wild type on the basis of their basal body duplication pattern. This is the first mutant described in a ciliate in which both the structure and duplication of basal bodies and the body plan are affected. The data support the conclusion that the mutation does not alter the nature of the morphogenetic signal(s) which pervade the dividing cell, nor the competence of cytoskeletal structures to respond to signalling, but affects the local interpretation of the signals.

scholarly journals THE RELEVANCE OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS ON THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS OF BALB/C MICE INOCULATED WITH Lacazia loboi

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Sierra Assencio Almeida BARBOSA ◽  
Suzana Madeira DIÓRIO ◽  
Silvia Cristina Barboza PEDRINI ◽  
Adauto José Ferreira NUNES ◽  
Andréa de Faria Fernandes BELONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Regular Diet ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lacazia Loboi ◽  
Lacazia Loboï

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the protein-calorie malnutrition in BALB/c isogenic mice infected with Lacazia loboi, employing nutritional and histopathological parameters. Four groups were composed: G1: inoculated with restricted diet, G2: not inoculated with restricted diet, G3: inoculated with regular diet, G4: not inoculated with regular diet. Once malnutrition had been imposed, the animals were inoculated intradermally in the footpad and after four months, were sacrificed for the excision of the footpad, liver and spleen. The infection did not exert great influence on the body weight of the mice. The weight of the liver and spleen showed reduction in the undernourished groups when compared to the nourished groups. The macroscopic lesions, viability index and total number of fungi found in the footpads of the infected mice were increased in G3 when compared to G1. Regarding the histopathological analysis of the footpad, a global cellularity increase in the composition of the granuloma was observed in G3 when compared to G1, with large numbers of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells, discrete numbers of lymphocytes were present in G3 and an increase was observed in G1. The results suggest that there is considerable interaction between Jorge Lobo's disease and nutrition.

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