The Fine Structure of Cytoplasmic Inclusions in a Mycoplasma-Like Infection in Mice

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
F. W. GAY ◽  
J. T. ATTRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Chronic Pneumonia

A mycoplasma-like agent, which resembled grey lung ‘virus’ of Andrewes and Glover in its sensitivity to chemotherapeutic substances in vivo, in its failure to grow in culture media, and in its failure to elicit immunity in infected animals, was derived from rats with naturally acquired chronic pneumonia. In mice it produced a chronic pneumonia from which mycoplasmas could not be cultured. When sections of diseased mouse lung were examined by electron microscopy, completely novel intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed in mononuclear cells lying free in the alveoli and bronchioles. The inclusions, which were less numerous in mice being treated with chemotherapeutic substances which inhibit the growth of mycoplasmas, appeared to represent successive stages in a developmental process. The fine structure of the inclusions is described and their possible nature is discussed.

In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of Mesothelial Lipid Inclusions

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomas Hjelle ◽  
Barbara T. Golinska ◽  
Diane C. Waters ◽  
Kevin R. Steidley ◽  
David R. McCarroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Lamellar Bodies ◽  
Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Inclusions

The nature of intracytoplasmic lipid inclusions found in cultured rabbit and rat peritoneal mesothelial cells was examined by ultrastructural and biochemical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy also demonstrated extracellular release of these lipid bodies. Differential fixation with tannic acid revealed 2 types of inclusions, lamellated (lamellar bodies) and nonlamellated (homogeneous). The lamellar bodies were found near or in the Golgi apparatus and on the cell surface where occasionally they were observed in exocytotic pouches. The homogeneous inclusions were the predominant species being found primarily intracellularly. Lipid bodies obtained from the culture media over the cells displayed on electron microscopy the same morphological characteristics as those seen intracellularly. Exposure of confluent cultures of mesothelial cells to the vital lipid stain Nile Red caused the appearance of intensely fluorescent droplets in or on the cells at wave lengths consistent with staining for phosphatidylcholine-rich vesicles. Incubation of the cells with r4C)-choline an d subsequent analysis of phospholipid formation revealed high rates of r4C)-phosphatidylcholine addition to both intra and extracellular lipid pools. Taken together, mesothelial cells exhibit lipid bodies similar in ultrastructure to the surfactant containing organelles of Type II pneumocytes.

scholarly journals THE FINE STRUCTURE OF EMBRYONIC CHICK SKELETAL MUSCLE CELLS DIFFERENTIATED IN VITRO

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shimada ◽  
D. A. Fischman ◽  
A. A. Moscona
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Developing Muscle

Dissociated myoblasts from 12-day chick embryos were cultured in monolayer, and the differentiation of skeletal muscle cells was studied by electron microscopy. The results have revealed a striking ultrastructural similarity between the in vivo and the in vitro developing muscle, particularly with respect to the myofibrils and sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study demonstrates that all the characteristic organelles of mature skeletal muscle can develop in vitro in the absence of nerves.

scholarly journals FINE STRUCTURE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS GROWN IN TISSUE CULTURE

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Campbell ◽  
Yasuo Uehara ◽  
Gerda Mark ◽  
Geoffrey Burnstock
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Membrane Infoldings

The fine structure of smooth muscle cells of the embryo chicken gizzard cultured in monolayer was studied by phase-contrast optics and electron microscopy. The smooth muscle cells were irregular in shape, but tended to be elongate. The nucleus usually contained prominent nucleoli and was large in relation to the cell body. When fixed with glutaraldehyde, three different types of filaments were noted in the cytoplasm: thick (150–250 A in diameter) and thin (30–80 A in diameter) myofilaments, many of which were arranged in small bundles throughout the cytoplasm and which were usually associated with dark bodies; and filaments with a diameter of 80–110 A which were randomly orientated and are not regarded as myofilaments. Some of the aggregated ribosomes were helically arranged. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum were prominent. In contrast to in vivo muscle cells, micropinocytotic vesicles along the cell membrane were rare and dense areas were usually confined to cell membrane infoldings. These cells are compared to in vivo embryonic smooth muscle and adult muscle after treatment with estrogen. Monolayers of cultured smooth muscle will be of particular value in relating ultrastructural features to functional observations on the same cells.

Viral erythrocytic necrosis in fish: a review

1982 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Smail
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Fish Populations ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Virus Morphology

SynopsisViral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN) in fish is prevalent in a wide variety offish species. It has been detected in both wild and captive fish populations. The infection prevalence in wild populations of some fish species is correlated inversely with the age of the fish. VEN is characterised by cytoplasmic inclusions in circulating erythrocytes of infected fish; nuclear necrosis of erythrocytes may also be evident by light microscopy. The stage and degree of infection affect the type of cytology seen in VEN infections of different fish species. By electron microscopy, infected erythrocytes show spherical virions within the cytoplasm and the virion size is characteristic of the host erythrocytes infected. To date, knowledge of VEN viruses in fish is restricted to virus morphology and propagation in vivo, although preliminary studies have indicated the type of blood parameters which VEN can affect. No such virus has been fully isolated and characterised and all of Koch's postulates have not been fulfilled.

Circulating and tumor-associated neutrophil subtypes discriminate hyperprogressive disease (HPD) from conventional progression (PD) upon immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts) and in vivo models.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9547-9547
Author(s):  
Roberto Ferrara ◽  
Giuseppe Lo Russo ◽  
Diego Signorelli ◽  
Claudia Proto ◽  
Arsela Prelaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
In Vivo Models

9547 Background: HPD occurs in ≃10-25% of NSCLC pts upon single-agent ICI and correlates with poor prognosis. High circulating neutrophil count and neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio have been associated with shorter survival and HPD in NSCLC pts. In mouse lung cancer models, interleukin-17 (IL-17) promoted tumour growth upon ICI increasing intratumoral neutrophils. The role of specific circulating and/or tumour-associated neutrophils in driving HPD is currently unknown. Methods: NSCLC pts treated with single agent ICI were assessed for HPD and circulating neutrophils’ phenotype. Conventional PD was defined by RECIST 1.1. HPD required 3 tumour assessments (2 before ICI, 1 upon ICI) and was defined as delta tumour growth rate (TGR) (TGR upon ICI – TGR before ICI) > 50% and/or TGR ratio (TGR upon ICI/ TGR before ICI) ≥2. Correlations with continuous variables were performed by Mann-Whitney test. Circulating low density neutrophils (LDNs) subtypes were assessed by flow cytometry (FC) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from fresh blood samples. LDNs were defined as CD66b+CD15+ cells among CD11b+ PBMCs. Immature subtypes were defined as CD10− and CD10−CD16− LDNs. The occurrence of HPD upon anti-PD-1 treatment was tested in C57BL/6 immune competent mice bearing Lewis Lung Carcinoma and treated with anti-murine PD-1. Tumour associated neutrophils’ phenotype was assessed by FC. Results: Of 52 NSCLC, 65% were > 65 years, 83% had stage IV, 25% PD-L1 on tumour cells ≥50%, 67% received 1st line ICI. PD and HPD occurred in 21 (40%) and 5 (10%) pts, respectively. Before ICI start, HPD pts had higher circulating immature neutrophils measured as median percentage of CD10− LDNs [41.9 (min 26.7; max 83.5) vs 10.1 (min 0.69; max 79.3), p = 0.01] and of CD16− cells among CD10− LDNs [93 (min 89.5; max 98.4) vs 86.3 (min 24.2; max 99), p = 0.03] compared to conventional PD pts. PD and HPD occurred in 17 (71%) and 3 (12.5%) of 24 immune competent mice treated with anti-murine PD-1. The median percentage of IL-17+ tumour associated neutrophils (Gr1highLy6Clow) was significantly higher in HPD compared to PD mice [0.25 (min 0.14; max 0.63) vs 0.06 (min 0.02; max 0.32), p = 0.02]. Conclusions: Circulating immature (CD10− and CD10− CD16−) LDNs and IL-17+ tumour associated neutrophils discriminate HPD from conventional PD upon ICI in NSCLC pts and in vivo models, respectively. Functional characterization of specific neutrophil subsets is ongoing.

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Trachea Infected in Vitro in Organ Culture and in Vivo with Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
S. K. Dutta ◽  
R. B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ciliary Movement ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies were conducted with chicken tracheas infected in vivo and in vitro with infectious bronchitis virus. For vivo studies, chickens were infected intratracheally with the virus. At intervals, they were sacrificed, tracheal rings were cut in 1-1.5 mm widths, washed, examined in the light microscope for ciliary movement and processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For in vitro studies, tracheal rings of similar dimension were planted in tissue culture media and were infected with the virus. At intervals the tracheal rings were examined in the light microscope for ciliary movement and processed for SEM.

scholarly journals THE COLUMNAR CELLS OCCURRING IN THE PARIETAL LAYER OF BOWMAN'S CAPSULE

1967 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Dietert
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubule ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Cellular Compartments ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Bowman's Capsule

The renal corpuscles of adult, C3H Swiss, male mice contain testosterone-sensitive, columnar cells in the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule. A study of the normal fine structure of these cells reveals several distinctive characteristics: a microvillous brush border; apical tubular invaginations and apical tubules; an elaborate infolding of the basal surface membrane forming cellular compartments, which contain numerous mitochondria; and a complex group of membrane-limited cytoplasmic inclusions. This appearance is remarkably similar to the fine structure of cells in the proximal convoluted tubule. 1 hr after an in vivo injection of horseradish peroxidase, numerous protein-absorption droplets occur in the columnar cell cytoplasm. The speed and cytomorphology of protein transport by these capsular cells closely resemble the handling of peroxidase by the proximal convoluted tubule. Origins for these testosterone-sensitive cells are discussed briefly. Morphological evidence is presented for the differentiation of squamous cells in Bowman's parietal capsule into columnar cells, which appear structurally and functionally identical with proximal convoluted tubular epithelium.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

Fibroblasts During Hypertrophic Scar Formation and Resolution

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
C. W. Kischer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Hypertrophic Scar ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
Scanning Electron

The morphology of the fibroblasts changes markedly as the healing period from burn wounds progresses, through development of the hypertrophic scar, to resolution of the scar by a self-limiting process of maturation or therapeutic resolution. In addition, hypertrophic scars contain an increased cell proliferation largely made up of fibroblasts. This tremendous population of fibroblasts seems congruous with the abundance of collagen and ground substance. The fine structure of these cells should reflect some aspects of the metabolic activity necessary for production of the scar, and might presage the stage of maturation.A comparison of the fine structure of the fibroblasts from normal skin, different scar types, and granulation tissue has been made by transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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