Light- and electron-microscope observations on certain leukocytes in a teleost fish and a comparison of the envelope-limited monolayers of chromatin structural units in different species

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-285
Author(s):  
H.G. Davies ◽  
M.E. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Constant Width ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Chromatin Structural ◽  
Group B

Previously it was shown that the nuclear envelope-limited sheets of chromatin, monolayers of nucleoprotein structural units, are present in blood cells from 4 classes of vertebrates. Now we show that sheets of similar width are present in certain leukocytes of a fifth class, a teleost fish. We describe the fine structure of leukocytes in peripheral blood and in the main haematopoietic organ, kidney. We also examined the granulocytes of connective tissue in intestine. By May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining and electron microscopy heterophilic granulocytes, cosinophils but no basophils could be recognized in peripheral blood and kidney. Problems in classification of the cells are discussed. In one group (A) of 5 fish, sheets occurred at a frequency of roughly 1% in heterophilic (type 1) granulocytes and lymphocytes from peripheral blood. No sheets were found in a second group (B) of 5 fish. Kidney and intestine were examined in some fish from both groups and no sheets were present. In an atypical group (C) sheets were found in the eosinophilic (type 2) granulocytes from peripheral blood of one fish and in lymphocytes from connective tissue of intestine in another. Sheets were usually associated with nuclei of irregular shape and their width averaged 36 nm. We tabulate data from other workers on occurence and width of sheets. They are found in all the main classes of tissue in mammals, namely blood and other connective tissues, in epithelial, nervous, germinal tissue and muscle, as well as in invertebrate and certain plants. Their nearly constant width, average value 35 nm, provides very convincing evidence for the hypothesis that the molecules of DNA and protein are organized into the same fundamental structural units, irrespective of species. We discuss the variable incidence of sheets among different cell types and the factors which might determine this.

Electron-microscope observations on cell nuclei in various tissues of a teleost fish: the nucleolus-associated monolayer of chromatin structural units

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-327
Author(s):  
H.G. Davies ◽  
M.E. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Base Sequence ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Chromatin Structural ◽  
In Cells

Observations on stain uptake by thin sections through condensed interphase chromosomes in cells from epithelial and muscle tissue in kidney and intestine, and also in fibroblasts, show a distribution into DNA-rich and DNA-poor phases similar to that already described in cells from the connective tissue blood. In all the nuclei the nucleolus, when adjacent to the nuclear envelope, is separated from the inner membrane by a monolayer of chromatin structural units, similar to the monolayer enclosed on both sides by nuclear envelope, previously described in a wide variety of organisms. The data provide further support for the hypothesis that the condensed interphase chromosomes in eukaryotes are characterized by essentially similar structural units folded to form similar patterns. This hypothesis, regarding the higher order units, is consistent with data of others which show that histones and DNA fold to form similar repeating subunits in chromatin, irrespective of the base sequence in the DNA and the origin of the histones.

Histological Study of Human Thyroid Gland Relative Proportion of Parenchyma and Stroma in Thyroid Glands of Bangladeshi People

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Md Enayet Ullah ◽  
Hasna Hena ◽  
Rubina Qasim
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Connective Tissue Sheath

Deep cervical fascia forms a connective tissue sheath around the thyroid gland. Delicate trabeculae and septa penetrate the gland indistinctly dividing the gland into lobes and lobules which in turn composed of follicles.1,2,3 These follicles are structural units of thyroid gland which varies greatly in size and shape.4 The number of follicles varies in different age groups. The study was carried out to see the percentage of area occupied by follicles in the stained section of thyroid glands in different age groups. The collected samples were grouped as A (3.5 – 20yrs), B (21- 40yrs) & C (41 – 78yrs). Percentage of area occupied by follicles was (58.55±10.72) in group A, (63.79±12.35) in group B + (63.39±8.29) in group C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v1i2.13981 Update Dent. Coll. j. 2011: 1(2): 17-20

scholarly journals Biomarkers for a histological chorioamnionitis diagnosis in pregnant women with or without group B streptococcus infection: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Zhe Qiang ◽  
Yuan-yuan Li ◽  
Jun-na Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Chorioamnionitis may cause serious perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes, and group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated from human chorioamnionitis. The present study analyzed the impact of GBS infection and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) on pregnancy outcomes and the diagnostic value of various biomarkers. Methods Pregnant women were grouped according to GBS infection and HCA detection. Perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes were recorded with a follow-up period of 6 weeks. The white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level from peripheral blood and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels from cord blood were assessed. Results A total of 371 pregnant women were included. Pregnant women with GBS infection or HCA had a higher risk of pathological jaundice and premature rupture of membranes and higher levels of sICAM-1, IL-8, and TNF-α in umbilical cord blood. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that sICMA-1, IL-8, TNF-α, WBC, and CRP were significantly related to an increased HCA risk. For all included pregnant women, TNF-α had the largest receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area (area: 0.841; 95% CI: 0.778–0.904) of the biomarkers analyzed. TNF-α still had the largest area under the ROC curve (area: 0.898; 95% CI: 0.814–0.982) for non-GBS-infected pregnant women, who also exhibited a higher neutrophil ratio (area: 0.815; 95% CI: 0.645–0.985) and WBC (area: 0.849; 95% CI: 0.72–0.978), but all biomarkers had lower value in the diagnosis of HCA in GBS-infected pregnant women. Conclusion GBS infection and HCA correlated with several perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes. TNF-α in cord blood and WBCs in peripheral blood had diagnostic value for HCA in non-GBS-infected pregnant women but not GBS-infected pregnant women.

scholarly journals Immunologic abnormalities in an animal model of chronic hypoplastic marrow failure induced by busulfan

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Pugsley ◽  
IJ Forbes ◽  
AA Morley
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Splenic Lymphocytes ◽  
Hypoplastic Marrow ◽  
Experimental Murine Model

Abstract The immunology of chronic hypoplastic marrow failure (CHMF, aplastic anemia) was studied in an experimental murine model of the disease induced by busulfan. B lymphocytes of peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were reduced to 30%–40% and T lymphocytes of thymus, spleen, marrow, and blood were decreased to 20%–70% of control values. IgG and IgM antibody titer to sheep red blood cells were reduced to one- third of control levels, and splenic IgG, but not IgM, plaque-forming cells were fewer on day 7 after antigen stimulation. The proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A were reduced in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, splenic lymphocytes, and thymocytes, and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by dinitrofluorobenze was not detected in mice with CHMF. The results demonstrate disturbance of a variety of cellular and humoral functions and suggest that the disturbance was due to quantitative and possibly qualitative abnormalities of the cell types subserving these functions. The results suggest that residual cell injury, the lesion underlying experimental CHMF, is not confined to the myeloid stem cell but also involved cells of the lymphoid series.

scholarly journals Identification of a C3bi-specific membrane complement receptor that is expressed on lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, and erythrocytes

1982 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Ross ◽  
JD Lambris
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Coated Particles ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
T Cell Antigens ◽  
D Region

Cells expressing a membrane C receptor (CR(3)) specific for C3b-inactivator- cleaved C3b (C3bi) were identified by rosette assay with C3bi-coated sheep erythrocytes (EC3bi) or C3bi-coated fluorescent microspheres (C3bi-ms). C3bi- ms, probably because of their smaller size, bound to a higher proportion of cells than did EC3bi. C3bi-ms bound to greater than 90 percent of mature neutrophils, 85 percent of monocytes, 92 percent of erythrocytes, and 12 percent of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Binding of C3bi-ms to neutrophils, monocytes, and erythrocytes was inhibited by fluid-phase C3bi, Fab anti-C3c, or Fab anti-C3d but was not inhibited by F(ab')(2) anti-CR(1) (C3b receptor) or F(ab')(2) anti-CR(2) (C3d receptor) nor by fluid-phase C3b, C3c, or C3d. This indicated that monocytes, neutrophils, and erythrocytes expressed C3bi receptors (CR(3)) that were separate and distinct from CR(1) and CR(2) and specific for a site in the C3 molecule that was only exposed subsequently to cleavage of C3b by C3b inactivator and that was either destroyed, covered, or liberated by cleavage of C3bi into C3c and C3d fragments. Lymphocytes differed from these other cell types in that they expressed CR2 in addition to CRa. Lymphocyte C3bi-ms rosettes were inhibited from 50 to 84 percent by F(ab')(2)-anti-CR(2) or fluid-phase C3d, whereas C3d-ms rosettes were inhibited completely by F(ab')(2) anti-CR(2), fluid-phase C3bi, or fluid- phase C3d. Thus, with lymphocytes, C3bi was bound to CR(3), and in addition was bound to CR(2) by way of the intact d region of the C3bi molecule. In studies of the acquisition of C receptors occurring during myeloid cell maturation, the ability to rosette with C3bi-coated particles was detected readily with immature low-density cells, whereas this ability was nearly undetectable with high density mature polymorphonuclear cells. This absence of C3bi binding to polymorphs was not due to a loss of the CR(3) but instead was due to the maturation-linked acquisition of the abiity to secrete elastase that cleaved reagent particle-bound C3bi into CR(3)-unreactive C3d. Neither neutrophils nor monocytes bound C3d-coated particles at any stage of maturation. Assay of CR(3) with mature neutrophils required inhibition of neutrophil elastase with either soybean trypsin inhibitor or anti-elastase antibodies, and the amounts of these elastase inhibitors required to allow EC3bi rosette formation increased with neutrophil maturation. Because lymphocytes bound C3bi to CR(2) as well as to CR(3), specific assay of lymphocyte CR(3) required saturation of membrane CR(2) with Fab' anti-CR(2) before assay for rosettes with C3bi-ms. Only 3.5 percent of anti-CR(2)- treated peripheral blood lymphocytes bound C3bi-ms. Therefore, among normal blood lymphocytes the majority of the 12 percent C3bi-ms-binding cells expressed only CR(2) (8.5 percent), and the small proportion of C3bi-ms- binding cells that expressed CR(3) (3.5 percent) represented a distinct subset from the CR2(+) cells. Double-label assay indicated that 3.0 percent out of 3.5 percent of these CR(3)-bearing lymphocytes were B cells because they expressed membrane immunoglobulins. Of the remaining CR(3)(+) cells, 0.2 percent expressed either Leu-1 or 3A1 T cell antigens, and 0.6 percent expressed the OKM-1 monocyte-null lymphocyte determinant.

Comparison of montelukast and mometasone furoate in the prevention of recurrent nasal polyps

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Vuralkan ◽  
Cem Saka ◽  
Istemihan Akin ◽  
Sema Hucumenoglu ◽  
Binnur Uzmez Unal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Nasal Polyposis ◽  
Mometasone Furoate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Snot 22

Background: The aim of our study was to compare the effects of montelukast and mometasone furoate nasal spray on the postoperative course of patients with nasal polyposis. Patients and methods: Fifty patients diagnosed with nasal polyposis between March 2006 and August 2007 were included in the study. All patients underwent bilateral endoscopic sphenoethmoidectomy and were randomized postoperatively into two groups. Group A ( n = 25) received 10 mg montelukast per day and group B ( n = 25) received 400 µg mometasone furoate nasal spray twice daily. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22 scores, polyp grades, computerized tomography (CT) scores (Lund–Mackay), eosinophils in peripheral blood and polyp tissue were evaluated before and after surgery. Results: There was a significant reduction in SNOT-22 scores in both groups throughout the study period. There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between both groups with a marginal advantage of mometasone furoate nasal spray. Eosinophils in peripheral blood were found to be effective on the recurrence rate ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, both drugs seem to have a complementary action and further studies are needed to determine which patients should receive which treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of epithelial cells, connective tissue cells and immune cells in human upper airway mucosa by immunofluorescence multichannel image cytometry: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris I. Giotakis ◽  
Jozsef Dudas ◽  
Rudolf Glueckert ◽  
Daniel Dejaco ◽  
Julia Ingruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Image Cytometry ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Airway Mucosa ◽  
Single Positive

AbstractEpithelial, connective tissue and immune cells contribute in various ways to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, data of their distribution in upper airway mucosa are sparse. We aimed to provide quantitative, purely informative data on the distribution of these cell lineages and their coexpression patterns, which might help identifying, e.g., cells in the epithelium undergoing through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). For this purpose, we used immunofluorescence multichannel image cytometry (IMIC). We examined fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (FFPE) of six patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and of three patients without CRS (controls). The direct-conjugated antibodies pancytokeratin, vimentin and CD45/CD18 were used for coexpression analysis in epithelial layer and lamina propria. Image acquisition and analysis were performed with TissueFAXS and StrataQuest, respectively. To distinguish positive from negative expression, a ratio between cell-specific immunostaining intensity and background was developed. Isotype controls were used as negative controls. Per patient, a 4.5-mm2 tissue area was scanned and a median of 14,875 cells was recognized. The most common cell types were cytokeratin-single-positive (26%), vimentin-single-positive (13%) and CD45/CD18-single-positive with CD45/CD18–vimentin-double-positive cells (29%). In the patients with CRS, CD45/CD18-single-positive cells were 3–6 times higher compared to the control patients. In the epithelial layer, cytokeratin–vimentin-double-positive EMT cells were observed 3–5 times higher in the patients with CRS than in the control patients. This study provided quantitative data for the distribution of crucial cell types in CRS. Future studies may focus on the distribution and coexpression patterns of different immune cells in CRS or even cancer tissue.

Experimental Data on the Function of the Interstitium of the Gonads: Experiments with Cockerels

1947 ◽  
Vol s3-88 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
J. W. SLUITER ◽  
G. J. VAN OORDT
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Glandular Cells ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Secondary Function

1. The relative volumes of the testes and their components of 31 cockerels, 2-200 days old, were calculated and compared with the size of their increasing head appendages (Text-figs. 1a-d, 2); in addition, the effect of gestyl-administration on testes of cockerels of this age was investigated. 2. Several types of interstitial testis-cells could be distinguished morphologically and physiologically (Text-figs. 3-6 and Pl. 1); these cell-types were studied with different techniques and counted separately. 3. The main types of the interstitial cells are: (a) Lipoid cells, totally packed with lipoid globules. These cells, which are considered by many authors as fully developed Leydig cells, are not directly connected with the production of the male sex hormone; perhaps they have a secondary function in this respect, as cholesterolderivatives are stored in these cells (Pl. 1, Text-fig. 3a). (b) Secretory cells, characterized by the absence of lipoid vacuoles and the presence of numerous granular and filamentous mitochondria. These secretory cells, which produce the male sex hormone, can be divided into secretory cells A (Text-fig. 6a) without, and secretory cells B with, one large vacuole (Text-figs. 6b, 6c, 6d). 4. A considerable and partly intercellular storage of lipoids may take place at any age in the intertubular connective tissue (Text-figs. 3-4 and Pl. 1). 5. The number of the lipoid cells depends on the nutritive conditions of the animal and the development of its testes (Text-fig. 7). 6. In older cockerels most of the glandular cells lose their secretory function and pass over into lipoid storing cells. 7. Therefore we agree with Benoit, when he denies the occurrence of a ‘secretion de luxe’, but we cannot accept the presence of a ‘parenchyme de luxe’ in the testes of older cockerels.

scholarly journals Pengembangan LKPD Tema Tanah Airku Sub Tema Kota Palembang untuk Anak Kelompok B

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Gustiana Yuantini ◽  
Hasmalena Hasmalena ◽  
Syafdaningsih Syafdaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Group Evaluation ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Evaluation Stage ◽  
Group B

This research aims to develop valid and practical student worksheet. Subjects in this research were B2 and B3 groups in state kindergarten of Pembina 2 Palembang. The model developed in this development was Rowntree consisting of One to one evaluation and small group evaluation. It was aimed to see the practicality and it used the Tessmer evaluation stage which consisted of self evaluation, expert review. Data collection techniques used in this research were interview, walkthrough and observation methods. According to the results of the research, it showed that the validity of the material and design obtained an average value of 3.77 in very valid categories. Student worksheet practicality test in terms of observations with a mean value of 95% in very practical category. The small group evaluation stage obtained an average score of 92% in the very practical category. Questionnaire result was 97% in valid category. From the result, it can be concluded that student worksheet theme of my homeland and sub-theme of Palembang city for group B children is valid and practical. It is also worth to use as learning student worksheet with Theme of my homeland

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