scholarly journals The rotation of cellulose synthase trajectories is microtubule dependent and influences the texture of epidermal cell walls in Arabidopsis hypocotyls

2010 ◽  
Vol 123 (20) ◽  
pp. 3490-3495 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chan ◽  
E. Crowell ◽  
M. Eder ◽  
G. Calder ◽  
S. Bunnewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cellulose Synthase

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

scholarly journals Processes in the Infection of Barley Leaves by Rhynchosporium Secalis

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
EN AYESU-OFFEI ◽  
BG CLARE
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Germ Tubes

Conidia of R. secalis (Oud.) Davis germinated on barley leaves to produoe , short germ tubes and appressoria. Hyphae below the appressoria penetrated the outicle and formed extensive myoelial mats between the cuticle and the outer epidermal cell walls. Epidermal cell walls beneath the subcuticular hyphae became swollen, lamellate, and collapsed so that the inner and outer walls of the epidermis came together.

Patterns of microcracking in apple fruit skin reflect those of the cuticular ridges and of the epidermal cell walls

Planta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Knoche ◽  
Bishnu P. Khanal ◽  
Martin Brüggenwirth ◽  
Sarada Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fruit Skin

Lectins as Cytochemical Probes of the Developing Wheat Grain. V. Demonstration of Separate Polysaccharides Containing N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine and D-Galactose in Nuclear Epidermal Cell Walls

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Baldo ◽  
D Barnett ◽  
JW Lee
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lectin Staining ◽  
Wheat Germ Lectin

Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled lectin from wheat-gem, which binds N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and Griffonia simplicifolia, Arachis hypogaea and Glycine max lectins, each of which binds D-galactose, react with nucellar epidermal cell walls in thin sections of plastic-embedded developing wheat grain. Reactivity of these cell walls with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, the absence of staining with protein stains and the failure of a number of proteases and the endoglycosidases D and H to prevent the binding suggested that the lectin-reactive wall components are neither proteins nor N-glycosidically linked glycoproteins. Morphological differences in lectin staining patterns and treatment of sections with chitinase and α-galactosidase, prior to the reaction with the lectins, indicated that two separate polysaccharides are probably involved in the binding. Chitinase removed the reactivity of the nucellar epidermal cell walls for wheat-germ lectin but the binding of D-galactose-specific lectins was unimpaired. Conversely, α-galactosidase did not affect the binding of wheat-germ lectin but reactivity with the galactose-specific lectins was abolished. From the available evidence we conclude that one polysaccharide in the nucellar epidermal cell wall reacts with wheat-germ lectin and contains N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in a chitin-like structure. The other polysaccharide reacts with D-galactose- specific lectins by virtue of terminal α-D-galactose residues. Hydrolysis and subsequent chromatographic analysis of nucellar epidermal cell walls peeled from immature grains revealed the presence of D-glucosamine, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose and a trace of D-mannose.

Erosion of root epidermal cell walls by Rhizobium polysaccharide-degrading enzymes as related to primary host infection in the Rhizobium–legume symbiosis

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. Mateos ◽  
David L. Baker ◽  
Maureen Petersen ◽  
Encarna Velázquez ◽  
José I. Jiménez-Zurdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Host Infection

scholarly journals Cellulose synthase complexes act in a concerted fashion to synthesize highly aggregated cellulose in secondary cell walls of plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (40) ◽  
pp. 11348-11353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shundai Li ◽  
Logan Bashline ◽  
Yunzhen Zheng ◽  
Xiaoran Xin ◽  
Shixin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Distinct Structure ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Membrane Spanning

Cellulose, often touted as the most abundant biopolymer on Earth, is a critical component of the plant cell wall and is synthesized by plasma membrane-spanning cellulose synthase (CESA) enzymes, which in plants are organized into rosette-like CESA complexes (CSCs). Plants construct two types of cell walls, primary cell walls (PCWs) and secondary cell walls (SCWs), which differ in composition, structure, and purpose. Cellulose in PCWs and SCWs is chemically identical but has different physical characteristics. During PCW synthesis, multiple dispersed CSCs move along a shared linear track in opposing directions while synthesizing cellulose microfibrils with low aggregation. In contrast, during SCW synthesis, we observed swaths of densely arranged CSCs that moved in the same direction along tracks while synthesizing cellulose microfibrils that became highly aggregated. Our data support a model in which distinct spatiotemporal features of active CSCs during PCW and SCW synthesis contribute to the formation of cellulose with distinct structure and organization in PCWs and SCWs of Arabidopsis thaliana. This study provides a foundation for understanding differences in the formation, structure, and organization of cellulose in PCWs and SCWs.

Association of epidermal lignification with nonhost resistance of cucurbits to fungi

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2393-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Hammerschmidt ◽  
Alice M. Bonnen ◽  
Gary C. Bergstrom ◽  
Karen K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cupric Oxide ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
The Other ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Nonhost Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Race 1

Etiolated seedlings of cucumber, muskmelon, watermelon, pumpkin, and squash were inoculated with Colletotrichum lagenarium (Pass.) Ell. & Halst. race 1, Colletotrichum atramentarium (Berk. & Br.) Taub., or Helminthosporium carbonum Ull. The fungi germinated and produced appressoria equally well on all hosts. Penetrations into host cells, however, were routinely observed only in the interactions of C. lagenarium with cucumber, muskmelon, and watermelon. Histochemical staining of the other host–pathogen interactions (nonhost interactions) revealed that the lack of penetration by fungi into nonhost tissue was associated with the deposition of lignin in the upper and lateral host epidermal cell walls around appressoria. Treatment of the lignified tissues with 0.5 M NaOH or hot ethanol did not alter staining reactions. Treatment with hot aminoethanol, a delignifying agent, did eliminate stainings. Cupric oxide oxidation of lignified epidermal cell walls from each host revealed that each host produced a p-coumaryl-rich, guaiacyl-poor ligninlike material. These results suggest that lignification may be a general nonhost resistance response in the Cucurbitaceae.

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